{"id":60,"date":"2022-11-08T22:01:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T22:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/chapter\/lili-boulanger\/"},"modified":"2023-01-28T17:14:35","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T17:14:35","slug":"lili-boulanger","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/chapter\/lili-boulanger\/","title":{"raw":"Lili Boulanger","rendered":"Lili Boulanger"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"lili-boulanger\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you will<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>be introduced to a great composer if you\u2019re not already acquainted with her<\/li>\r\n \t<li>meet her famous sister as well<\/li>\r\n \t<li>consider the challenges that female composers faced in the twentieth century<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have the opportunity to ponder why amazing music is neglected in performances in our time<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nLili Boulanger died tragically young. One can scarcely imagine what the scope and significance of her works might have been if she had lived longer. Yet the works she created during her brief life are impressive and noteworthy both generally and in connection with the subject of this book.[footnote]A brief timeline and introduction may be found in Diane Peacock Jezic, <em>Women Composers: The Lost Tradition Found<\/em> (New York: Feminist Press), 139\u201346.[\/footnote] Although universally referred to by her nickname, \u201cLili,\u201d her full name was Marie-Juliette Olga Boulanger. Lili is almost always mentioned in connection with her sister Nadia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uLlHtCttSE8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadia Boulanger<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nadiaboulanger.org\/nb\/amstudents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught music in Paris and mentored a number of famous composers<\/a>. She <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dCGLeOMYcQM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught and impacted the lives of such a large number of students, particularly from the United States<\/a>, that American composer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ned Rorem has described her<\/a> as \u201cthe <a href=\"https:\/\/interlude.hk\/great-women-artists-shaped-music-xiii-nadia-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most influential<\/a> teacher since Socrates.\u201d[footnote]Ned Rorem, \u201cNadia Boulanger (Composer, Conductor),\u201d Bach Cantatas, accessed September 12, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm<\/a>.[\/footnote] Another American composer, Virgil Thomson, wrote in a tribute to her that it was a matter of American legend that every town had a \u201cfive and dime\u201d store and a student of Nadia Boulanger.[footnote]Virgil Thomson, \u201c\u2018Greatest Music Teacher\u2019\u2014at 75,\u201d <em>Music Educators Journal<\/em> 49, no. 1 (1962): 42\u201344 (here 42).[\/footnote] In 1913, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/deceptivecadence\/2016\/05\/22\/478734604\/sounds-and-sweet-airs-remembers-the-forgotten-women-of-classical-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lili became the first woman<\/a> to win the <a href=\"https:\/\/interlude.hk\/sisters-prix-de-rome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prix de Rome<\/a>, one of the world\u2019s most prestigious awards in the arts, which was instituted in the seventeenth century (and abolished in the twentieth). Soon after Lili died at the untimely age of twenty-four, Nadia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ceased composing<\/a>, evaluating her own works as \u201cworthless.\u201d[footnote]Lizzie Davis, \u201cEver Heard the Music of Lili Boulanger, One of the 20th Century\u2019s Most Exciting Composers?,\u201d Classic FM, June 25, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/<\/a>.[\/footnote] In <a href=\"https:\/\/untune-the-sky.com\/2018\/01\/26\/lili-boulanger-prix-de-rome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing<\/a> their lives as well as considering them together, we get a clearer sense of how each succeeded in navigating a musical world in which there were still many obstacles for female composers.[footnote]On this, see Anna Beer, <em>Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music<\/em> (London: Oneworld, 2016), 247\u201361.[\/footnote]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt\">Listen to these two psalm settings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HgL0azsklP4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 24, \u201cThe Earth Is the Lord\u2019s,\u201d<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=flLZmONu6ls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 130, \u201cOut of the Depths\u201d<\/a>) by Lili Boulanger, which would be remarkable under any circumstances but seem all the more so when we consider how young the composer was when she wrote them.[footnote]The first recording is from 1968 of the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, conducted by Nadia Boulanger. The second features the <a href=\"https:\/\/search.alexanderstreet.com\/view\/work\/bibliographic_entity%7Crecorded_cd%7C2245344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus Orchestra and BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier<\/a>. For an analysis of Lili Boulanger\u2019s psalm settings, see Caroline Potter, <em>Nadia and Lili Boulanger<\/em> (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), 91\u2013102.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iGr7iq1YN_Y[\/embed]\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gYj3nP6l6DA[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt\">Robert Dimery writes, \u201cLili\u2019s Catholic faith imbues her three psalm settings for chorus and orchestra with a fervent intensity. Psalm 24 has a feeling of wondrous joy, the modal harmonies adding a primitive, ancient quality. Her setting of Psalm 130 (aka \u2018De Profondis\u2019\/\u2018Du fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme\u2019) possesses a sense of mystery fitting for a mystic vision of God\u2019s presence.\u201d[footnote]Robert Dimery, <em>Cult Musicians: 50 Progressive Performers You Need to Know<\/em> (London: White Lion, 2020).[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">For Further Reading<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Beer, Anna. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music<\/em><\/span>. London: Oneworld, 2016.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Boulanger, Nadia, \u201cLa musique religieuse.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">La Revue musicale<\/em><\/span> 4, no. 11 (1922, special number devoted to Gabriel Faur\u00e9): 104\u201311. Translated in Jeanice Brooks and Kimberly Francis, ed., <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia Boulanger: Thoughts on Music<\/em><\/span>. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2020.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Brooks, Jeanice, and Kimberly Francis, ed. and trans. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia Boulanger: Thoughts on Music<\/em><\/span>. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2020.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Perkins, John. \u201cAn Analysis and Orchestral Reduction of Psaume 130 (Du fond de l\u2019Abime), by Lili Boulanger.\u201d PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2009.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cA Historical and Pragmatic Approach to Lili Boulanger\u2019s Psaume 130, \u2018Du Fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme\u2019: Part 1.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Choral Journal<\/em><\/span> 50, no. 10 (2010): 8\u201318.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cNew Solutions for Lili Boulanger\u2019s \u2018Psaume 130, Du Fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme,\u2019 Part 2.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Choral Journal<\/em><\/span> 50, no. 11 (2010): 18\u201326.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Potter, Caroline. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia and Lili Boulanger<\/em><\/span>. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"lili-boulanger\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you will<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>be introduced to a great composer if you\u2019re not already acquainted with her<\/li>\n<li>meet her famous sister as well<\/li>\n<li>consider the challenges that female composers faced in the twentieth century<\/li>\n<li>have the opportunity to ponder why amazing music is neglected in performances in our time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Lili Boulanger died tragically young. One can scarcely imagine what the scope and significance of her works might have been if she had lived longer. Yet the works she created during her brief life are impressive and noteworthy both generally and in connection with the subject of this book.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"A brief timeline and introduction may be found in Diane Peacock Jezic, Women Composers: The Lost Tradition Found (New York: Feminist Press), 139\u201346.\" id=\"return-footnote-60-1\" href=\"#footnote-60-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> Although universally referred to by her nickname, \u201cLili,\u201d her full name was Marie-Juliette Olga Boulanger. Lili is almost always mentioned in connection with her sister Nadia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uLlHtCttSE8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadia Boulanger<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nadiaboulanger.org\/nb\/amstudents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught music in Paris and mentored a number of famous composers<\/a>. She <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dCGLeOMYcQM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught and impacted the lives of such a large number of students, particularly from the United States<\/a>, that American composer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ned Rorem has described her<\/a> as \u201cthe <a href=\"https:\/\/interlude.hk\/great-women-artists-shaped-music-xiii-nadia-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most influential<\/a> teacher since Socrates.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ned Rorem, \u201cNadia Boulanger (Composer, Conductor),\u201d Bach Cantatas, accessed September 12, 2022, https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm.\" id=\"return-footnote-60-2\" href=\"#footnote-60-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> Another American composer, Virgil Thomson, wrote in a tribute to her that it was a matter of American legend that every town had a \u201cfive and dime\u201d store and a student of Nadia Boulanger.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Virgil Thomson, \u201c\u2018Greatest Music Teacher\u2019\u2014at 75,\u201d Music Educators Journal 49, no. 1 (1962): 42\u201344 (here 42).\" id=\"return-footnote-60-3\" href=\"#footnote-60-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> In 1913, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/deceptivecadence\/2016\/05\/22\/478734604\/sounds-and-sweet-airs-remembers-the-forgotten-women-of-classical-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lili became the first woman<\/a> to win the <a href=\"https:\/\/interlude.hk\/sisters-prix-de-rome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prix de Rome<\/a>, one of the world\u2019s most prestigious awards in the arts, which was instituted in the seventeenth century (and abolished in the twentieth). Soon after Lili died at the untimely age of twenty-four, Nadia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ceased composing<\/a>, evaluating her own works as \u201cworthless.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Lizzie Davis, \u201cEver Heard the Music of Lili Boulanger, One of the 20th Century\u2019s Most Exciting Composers?,\u201d Classic FM, June 25, 2021, https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-60-4\" href=\"#footnote-60-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a> In <a href=\"https:\/\/untune-the-sky.com\/2018\/01\/26\/lili-boulanger-prix-de-rome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing<\/a> their lives as well as considering them together, we get a clearer sense of how each succeeded in navigating a musical world in which there were still many obstacles for female composers.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"On this, see Anna Beer, Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music (London: Oneworld, 2016), 247\u201361.\" id=\"return-footnote-60-5\" href=\"#footnote-60-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt\">Listen to these two psalm settings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HgL0azsklP4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 24, \u201cThe Earth Is the Lord\u2019s,\u201d<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=flLZmONu6ls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 130, \u201cOut of the Depths\u201d<\/a>) by Lili Boulanger, which would be remarkable under any circumstances but seem all the more so when we consider how young the composer was when she wrote them.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"The first recording is from 1968 of the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, conducted by Nadia Boulanger. The second features the City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus Orchestra and BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier. For an analysis of Lili Boulanger\u2019s psalm settings, see Caroline Potter, Nadia and Lili Boulanger (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), 91\u2013102.\" id=\"return-footnote-60-6\" href=\"#footnote-60-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Lili Boulanger - Psalm 24 &quot;La terre appartient \u00e0 l&#39;\u00c9ternel&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iGr7iq1YN_Y?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Lili Boulanger - Psalm 130 &quot;Du fond de l&#39;ab\u00eeme&quot; (1917)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gYj3nP6l6DA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt\">Robert Dimery writes, \u201cLili\u2019s Catholic faith imbues her three psalm settings for chorus and orchestra with a fervent intensity. Psalm 24 has a feeling of wondrous joy, the modal harmonies adding a primitive, ancient quality. Her setting of Psalm 130 (aka \u2018De Profondis\u2019\/\u2018Du fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme\u2019) possesses a sense of mystery fitting for a mystic vision of God\u2019s presence.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Robert Dimery, Cult Musicians: 50 Progressive Performers You Need to Know (London: White Lion, 2020).\" id=\"return-footnote-60-7\" href=\"#footnote-60-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">For Further Reading<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Beer, Anna. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music<\/em><\/span>. London: Oneworld, 2016.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Boulanger, Nadia, \u201cLa musique religieuse.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">La Revue musicale<\/em><\/span> 4, no. 11 (1922, special number devoted to Gabriel Faur\u00e9): 104\u201311. Translated in Jeanice Brooks and Kimberly Francis, ed., <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia Boulanger: Thoughts on Music<\/em><\/span>. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2020.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Brooks, Jeanice, and Kimberly Francis, ed. and trans. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia Boulanger: Thoughts on Music<\/em><\/span>. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2020.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Perkins, John. \u201cAn Analysis and Orchestral Reduction of Psaume 130 (Du fond de l\u2019Abime), by Lili Boulanger.\u201d PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2009.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cA Historical and Pragmatic Approach to Lili Boulanger\u2019s Psaume 130, \u2018Du Fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme\u2019: Part 1.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Choral Journal<\/em><\/span> 50, no. 10 (2010): 8\u201318.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cNew Solutions for Lili Boulanger\u2019s \u2018Psaume 130, Du Fond de l\u2019ab\u00eeme,\u2019 Part 2.\u201d <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Choral Journal<\/em><\/span> 50, no. 11 (2010): 18\u201326.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;margin-right: 36pt\">Potter, Caroline. <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt;padding: 0\"><em class=\"import-i\">Nadia and Lili Boulanger<\/em><\/span>. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-60-1\">A brief timeline and introduction may be found in Diane Peacock Jezic, <em>Women Composers: The Lost Tradition Found<\/em> (New York: Feminist Press), 139\u201346. <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-2\">Ned Rorem, \u201cNadia Boulanger (Composer, Conductor),\u201d Bach Cantatas, accessed September 12, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bach-cantatas.com\/Bio\/Boulanger-Nadia.htm<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-3\">Virgil Thomson, \u201c\u2018Greatest Music Teacher\u2019\u2014at 75,\u201d <em>Music Educators Journal<\/em> 49, no. 1 (1962): 42\u201344 (here 42). <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-4\">Lizzie Davis, \u201cEver Heard the Music of Lili Boulanger, One of the 20th Century\u2019s Most Exciting Composers?,\u201d Classic FM, June 25, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/lili-boulanger\/<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-5\">On this, see Anna Beer, <em>Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music<\/em> (London: Oneworld, 2016), 247\u201361. <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-6\">The first recording is from 1968 of the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, conducted by Nadia Boulanger. The second features the <a href=\"https:\/\/search.alexanderstreet.com\/view\/work\/bibliographic_entity%7Crecorded_cd%7C2245344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus Orchestra and BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier<\/a>. For an analysis of Lili Boulanger\u2019s psalm settings, see Caroline Potter, <em>Nadia and Lili Boulanger<\/em> (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), 91\u2013102. <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-60-7\">Robert Dimery, <em>Cult Musicians: 50 Progressive Performers You Need to Know<\/em> (London: White Lion, 2020). <a href=\"#return-footnote-60-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":127,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":956,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions\/956"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/127"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}