{"id":48,"date":"2022-11-08T22:00:57","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T22:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/chapter\/our-father\/"},"modified":"2023-01-27T07:53:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T07:53:22","slug":"our-father","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/chapter\/our-father\/","title":{"raw":"Our Father","rendered":"Our Father"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"our-father\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you will<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>hear from a contemporary composer about how his religious background and experience living in Latvia during the Soviet era impacted his musical expression<\/li>\r\n \t<li>discover how this famous prayer became not only a hit song but the theme music of a very popular video game<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe prayer that Jesus is supposed to have taught is variously known as the \u201cLord\u2019s Prayer\u201d or the \u201cOur Father,\u201d the latter also contributing the name to a number of works of music, sometimes in the form of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VokSTvnFQqI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin \u201cPater Noster\u201d<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SNytWK33s4E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slavonic \u201c\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0448.\u201d<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qIOO_4qejzw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Stravinsky\u2019s setting<\/a> can be found with text in both languages.\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Latvian composer P\u0113teris Vasks shared his thoughts on the Bible\u2019s place in his life and work as a composer, mentioning his own setting of the Pater Noster in the process. He writes,<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nI was born in a Baptist pastor\u2019s family in an atheistic state (my country Latvia was occupied several times in the twentieth century\u2014the Soviet occupation [1940\u201341], the Nazi occupation [1941\u201344], and again the Soviet occupation [1944\u201391]). I won\u2019t try to describe how much pastors and their families suffered during the decades of Communist tyranny.\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">I spent my childhood in a Baptist church in a small Latvian town. Three words were written in the central place of our church: \u201cGod is Love.\u201d Sure, my first compositions were with sacral texts. My father often encouraged me to write \u201cOur Father\u201d that could be sung by his congregation. My father had already passed away when I was finally ready for this most important opus. First in Latvian, then I wrote a version in Latin. My \u201cOur Father\u201d became a prayer for my own father and our common Father.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Although my \u201cOur Father\u201d (Pater Noster) is pretty democratic, it can\u2019t be sung by a congregation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">When Latvia finally regained independence, there was a new possibility to create and perform sacral music (ironically, suddenly also these composers who previously had praised the Communist Party and its leaders became very religious, true believers).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Among my sacral opuses there are vocal as well as instrumental works. <em>Missa<\/em> for mixed choir and string orchestra or organ\u2014of course, with canonical texts. <em>Te Deum<\/em>\u2014for organ solo\u2014solely an instrumental opus. <em>Dona Nobis Pacem<\/em>\u2014for choir and orchestra or organ. But <em>Credo<\/em>\u2014again solely an instrumental opus for a big symphony orchestra. I could continue this list, but most important to my mind is that every single opus brings a passionate message about the existence of the spiritual dimension. About Faith, Hope, and Love. The most important is Love, as the Holy Scripture suggests.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">The way of creating music is different to every single composer, I believe. Composing an opus is a long-lasting process for me; it could be compared to carrying a baby. I sometimes call my compositions my babies.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">I believe that every opus, created in love, can give more light to the world. I believe the Creator speaks to us also through music. I have lived in this world for a long time now and have understood\u2014the biggest power of the world is Love. As it was written in my childhood church\u2014God is Love.[footnote]Shared by the composer with the author, who is thankful to Gundega Vaska for translating it into English.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nListen to Vasks\u2019s setting of the prayer.[footnote]Performance by the <a href=\"https:\/\/motetten-chor.ch\/konzerte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Motetten-Chor Region Basel<\/a>, accompanied by the string orchestra Les Temp\u00e9raments and Thomas Schmid on organ, conducted by Ambros Ott. For a different rendition, here is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4rujNoN2PAg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a performance by an unaccompanied vocal quartet<\/a>.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lsJ3lFo6v40[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Franz Liszt has also set this prayer for choir.[footnote]This 2016 performance of Liszt\u2019s <em>Pater Noster<\/em> is by the Chamber Choir Weimar, conducted by Maximilian L\u00f6rzer, who shared the video to YouTube.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cu4_OVnlpGY[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Liszt is most famous as a piano virtuoso, and his Hungarian Rhapsodies are probably his best known works as a composer. Toward the end of his life, he moved personally as well as compositionally in a direction connected with the church, and in that period, he wrote not only the above but settings of a number of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7ERGrejuwNQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">psalms<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yomvt_87nSI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Ave Maria<\/em><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpdl.org\/wiki\/index.php\/Via_Crucis_(Franz_Liszt)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Via Crucis<\/em><\/a> (exploring the story of Jesus\u2019s Passion).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">There are versions for use in communal singing in churches and for soloists to perform. One <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u8jImIjg4UY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">famous example<\/a> can be heard performed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KoMrq06ZD1k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elvis<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pn6g8uAv0UU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Beach Boys<\/a>. The prayer became a hit pop song in the version written by Arnold Strals and recorded in 1973 by Sister Janet Mead.[footnote]Video recording from 1973 of Sister Janet Mead\u2019s \u201cThe Lord\u2019s Prayer.\u201d The author has thus far been unable to trace the source of the video.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/zUg8B1VA0Bs[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Christopher Tin\u2019s setting of the Lord\u2019s Prayer in Swahili, \u201cBaba Yetu,\u201d will be familiar to those who played the famous computer game <em>Civilization IV<\/em>.[footnote]Recording shared by the composer Christopher Tin on his own YouTube channel. Performed by the Soweto Gospel Choir together with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IJiHDmyhE1A[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">In addition to this prayer Jesus taught to his disciples and those in the Psalms, other biblical prayers have been set to music, as well as words from the Bible that have been taken up and woven into prayer\u2014for instance, \u201cAve Maria\u201d (based on the words with which the angel Gabriel greets Mary in Luke 1:28, 42). That prayer and the setting thereof to music could be the focus of a book-length study in its own right. There are settings by some of the most famous composers of all time, yet composers who are relatively unknown have also created beautiful settings that do not deserve to be neglected among the sheer abundance. For a small sampling, listen to those by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i3GkIGIeByw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miko\u0142aj Ziele\u0144ski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fs3SX7Jftgc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adrian Willaert<\/a>, Jacques Arcadelt, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XpYGgtrMTYs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Schubert<\/a> (arguably the most famous), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LVBGGOSm4jc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Bruckner<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pOOEDc10FFg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YtiZLZ_Ix0w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Th\u00e9odore Dubois<\/a> (the link is to one of three settings by him), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JLTqeKQI17s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00e9sar Franck<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JXUTVjJ5v54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gabriel Faur\u00e9 (op. 67)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WPE61R1ns58&amp;list=OLAK5uy_nQOWhDzJM16idP8O79S5Vs2_ozYQLJ0xU&amp;index=12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Netzel (op. 41)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n-GlJ8rROno\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edward Elgar (op. 2, no. 2)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-ceIAQQ5myE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gustav Holst<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wTIj_5vrkbo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Hovhaness (op. 100, no. 1a)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tQd0apVsBZU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Stravinsky<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlgLR1buha4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Schneider-Trnavsk\u00fd<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QJHSlGwrYGs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rihards Dubra<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wIl3Opd6B2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leone Sinigaglia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WpYW5N6vhjY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Creston (op. 57)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hT3VHKqQKZA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fartein Valen (op. 4)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tiNqmpIkrDs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morten Lauridsen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wU2-l23Bhgc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knut Nystedt (op. 110)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h88SDj54sLg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vladimir Vavilov (attributed to Giulio Caccini)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nx4133y1F28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pawe\u0142 \u0141ukaszewski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=F2fK4SZ-5CE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Einojuhani Rautavaara<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\">R. Nathaniel Dett<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jvnPIlTtFBY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Head<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2aX9dtSoWiw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colin Mawby<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B7CID_qbOBE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Solak<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UEtVNYh4slA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hugh Benham<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9Dh2yRxK5dk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Jenkins<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qtQ2Giit0IM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Himes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hciqr5V3WfM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David MacIntyre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZRhk19Td0kM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cecilia McDowall<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oa-VaNYlrtU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ferenc Farkas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9dHV64p_9bg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Micha\u0142 Lorenc<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vyAwf9NuvE0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Conte<\/a>. These are fascinating for so many reasons, including the sheer diversity of music created to explore the same words as well as the way that words from the Bible have been combined with others and become part of a prayer that has been rejected by Protestants (who do not pray to Mary), and yet very often the musical work has been appreciated nonetheless by those who would never utter the words themselves as a prayer. In one case of denominational boundary crossing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tyGOQoXyWTA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Gounod took music by J. S. Bach, a Protestant, and turned it into one of the most famous settings of Ave Maria of all time<\/a>!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">For Further Reading<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt;\">Pesce, Dolores. \u201cLiszt\u2019s Sacred Choral Music.\u201d In <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\"><em class=\"import-i\">The Cambridge Companion to Liszt<\/em><\/span>, edited by Kenneth Hamilton, 223\u201348. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"our-father\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you will<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>hear from a contemporary composer about how his religious background and experience living in Latvia during the Soviet era impacted his musical expression<\/li>\n<li>discover how this famous prayer became not only a hit song but the theme music of a very popular video game<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The prayer that Jesus is supposed to have taught is variously known as the \u201cLord\u2019s Prayer\u201d or the \u201cOur Father,\u201d the latter also contributing the name to a number of works of music, sometimes in the form of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VokSTvnFQqI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin \u201cPater Noster\u201d<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SNytWK33s4E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slavonic \u201c\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0448.\u201d<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qIOO_4qejzw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Stravinsky\u2019s setting<\/a> can be found with text in both languages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Latvian composer P\u0113teris Vasks shared his thoughts on the Bible\u2019s place in his life and work as a composer, mentioning his own setting of the Pater Noster in the process. He writes,<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>I was born in a Baptist pastor\u2019s family in an atheistic state (my country Latvia was occupied several times in the twentieth century\u2014the Soviet occupation [1940\u201341], the Nazi occupation [1941\u201344], and again the Soviet occupation [1944\u201391]). I won\u2019t try to describe how much pastors and their families suffered during the decades of Communist tyranny.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">I spent my childhood in a Baptist church in a small Latvian town. Three words were written in the central place of our church: \u201cGod is Love.\u201d Sure, my first compositions were with sacral texts. My father often encouraged me to write \u201cOur Father\u201d that could be sung by his congregation. My father had already passed away when I was finally ready for this most important opus. First in Latvian, then I wrote a version in Latin. My \u201cOur Father\u201d became a prayer for my own father and our common Father.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Although my \u201cOur Father\u201d (Pater Noster) is pretty democratic, it can\u2019t be sung by a congregation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">When Latvia finally regained independence, there was a new possibility to create and perform sacral music (ironically, suddenly also these composers who previously had praised the Communist Party and its leaders became very religious, true believers).<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Among my sacral opuses there are vocal as well as instrumental works. <em>Missa<\/em> for mixed choir and string orchestra or organ\u2014of course, with canonical texts. <em>Te Deum<\/em>\u2014for organ solo\u2014solely an instrumental opus. <em>Dona Nobis Pacem<\/em>\u2014for choir and orchestra or organ. But <em>Credo<\/em>\u2014again solely an instrumental opus for a big symphony orchestra. I could continue this list, but most important to my mind is that every single opus brings a passionate message about the existence of the spiritual dimension. About Faith, Hope, and Love. The most important is Love, as the Holy Scripture suggests.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">The way of creating music is different to every single composer, I believe. Composing an opus is a long-lasting process for me; it could be compared to carrying a baby. I sometimes call my compositions my babies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">I believe that every opus, created in love, can give more light to the world. I believe the Creator speaks to us also through music. I have lived in this world for a long time now and have understood\u2014the biggest power of the world is Love. As it was written in my childhood church\u2014God is Love.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Shared by the composer with the author, who is thankful to Gundega Vaska for translating it into English.\" id=\"return-footnote-48-1\" href=\"#footnote-48-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Listen to Vasks\u2019s setting of the prayer.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Performance by the Motetten-Chor Region Basel, accompanied by the string orchestra Les Temp\u00e9raments and Thomas Schmid on organ, conducted by Ambros Ott. For a different rendition, here is a performance by an unaccompanied vocal quartet.\" id=\"return-footnote-48-2\" href=\"#footnote-48-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Pater Noster; P\u0113teris Vasks\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lsJ3lFo6v40?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Franz Liszt has also set this prayer for choir.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This 2016 performance of Liszt\u2019s Pater Noster is by the Chamber Choir Weimar, conducted by Maximilian L\u00f6rzer, who shared the video to YouTube.\" id=\"return-footnote-48-3\" href=\"#footnote-48-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Franz Liszt: Pater Noster (Kammerchor der Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Franz Liszt Weimar)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cu4_OVnlpGY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Liszt is most famous as a piano virtuoso, and his Hungarian Rhapsodies are probably his best known works as a composer. Toward the end of his life, he moved personally as well as compositionally in a direction connected with the church, and in that period, he wrote not only the above but settings of a number of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7ERGrejuwNQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">psalms<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yomvt_87nSI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Ave Maria<\/em><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpdl.org\/wiki\/index.php\/Via_Crucis_(Franz_Liszt)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Via Crucis<\/em><\/a> (exploring the story of Jesus\u2019s Passion).<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">There are versions for use in communal singing in churches and for soloists to perform. One <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u8jImIjg4UY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">famous example<\/a> can be heard performed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KoMrq06ZD1k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elvis<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pn6g8uAv0UU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Beach Boys<\/a>. The prayer became a hit pop song in the version written by Arnold Strals and recorded in 1973 by Sister Janet Mead.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Video recording from 1973 of Sister Janet Mead\u2019s \u201cThe Lord\u2019s Prayer.\u201d The author has thus far been unable to trace the source of the video.\" id=\"return-footnote-48-4\" href=\"#footnote-48-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Sister Janet Mead - The Lord&#39;s Prayer [HQ Stereo] [1973]\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zUg8B1VA0Bs?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">Christopher Tin\u2019s setting of the Lord\u2019s Prayer in Swahili, \u201cBaba Yetu,\u201d will be familiar to those who played the famous computer game <em>Civilization IV<\/em>.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Recording shared by the composer Christopher Tin on his own YouTube channel. Performed by the Soweto Gospel Choir together with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.\" id=\"return-footnote-48-5\" href=\"#footnote-48-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Christopher Tin - Baba Yetu (Official Video) feat. Soweto Gospel Choir\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IJiHDmyhE1A?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-p\" style=\"text-indent: 36pt;\">In addition to this prayer Jesus taught to his disciples and those in the Psalms, other biblical prayers have been set to music, as well as words from the Bible that have been taken up and woven into prayer\u2014for instance, \u201cAve Maria\u201d (based on the words with which the angel Gabriel greets Mary in Luke 1:28, 42). That prayer and the setting thereof to music could be the focus of a book-length study in its own right. There are settings by some of the most famous composers of all time, yet composers who are relatively unknown have also created beautiful settings that do not deserve to be neglected among the sheer abundance. For a small sampling, listen to those by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i3GkIGIeByw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miko\u0142aj Ziele\u0144ski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fs3SX7Jftgc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adrian Willaert<\/a>, Jacques Arcadelt, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XpYGgtrMTYs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Franz Schubert<\/a> (arguably the most famous), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LVBGGOSm4jc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Bruckner<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pOOEDc10FFg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YtiZLZ_Ix0w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Th\u00e9odore Dubois<\/a> (the link is to one of three settings by him), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JLTqeKQI17s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00e9sar Franck<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JXUTVjJ5v54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gabriel Faur\u00e9 (op. 67)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WPE61R1ns58&amp;list=OLAK5uy_nQOWhDzJM16idP8O79S5Vs2_ozYQLJ0xU&amp;index=12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Netzel (op. 41)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n-GlJ8rROno\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edward Elgar (op. 2, no. 2)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-ceIAQQ5myE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gustav Holst<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wTIj_5vrkbo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Hovhaness (op. 100, no. 1a)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tQd0apVsBZU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Stravinsky<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlgLR1buha4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Schneider-Trnavsk\u00fd<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QJHSlGwrYGs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rihards Dubra<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wIl3Opd6B2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leone Sinigaglia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WpYW5N6vhjY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Creston (op. 57)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hT3VHKqQKZA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fartein Valen (op. 4)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tiNqmpIkrDs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morten Lauridsen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wU2-l23Bhgc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knut Nystedt (op. 110)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h88SDj54sLg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vladimir Vavilov (attributed to Giulio Caccini)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nx4133y1F28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pawe\u0142 \u0141ukaszewski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=F2fK4SZ-5CE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Einojuhani Rautavaara<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\">R. Nathaniel Dett<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jvnPIlTtFBY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Head<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2aX9dtSoWiw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colin Mawby<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B7CID_qbOBE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Solak<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UEtVNYh4slA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hugh Benham<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9Dh2yRxK5dk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Jenkins<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qtQ2Giit0IM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Himes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hciqr5V3WfM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David MacIntyre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZRhk19Td0kM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cecilia McDowall<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oa-VaNYlrtU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ferenc Farkas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9dHV64p_9bg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Micha\u0142 Lorenc<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vyAwf9NuvE0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Conte<\/a>. These are fascinating for so many reasons, including the sheer diversity of music created to explore the same words as well as the way that words from the Bible have been combined with others and become part of a prayer that has been rejected by Protestants (who do not pray to Mary), and yet very often the musical work has been appreciated nonetheless by those who would never utter the words themselves as a prayer. In one case of denominational boundary crossing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tyGOQoXyWTA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Gounod took music by J. S. Bach, a Protestant, and turned it into one of the most famous settings of Ave Maria of all time<\/a>!<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">For Further Reading<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-sbul hanging-indent\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt;\">Pesce, Dolores. \u201cLiszt\u2019s Sacred Choral Music.\u201d In <span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\"><em class=\"import-i\">The Cambridge Companion to Liszt<\/em><\/span>, edited by Kenneth Hamilton, 223\u201348. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-48-1\">Shared by the composer with the author, who is thankful to Gundega Vaska for translating it into English. <a href=\"#return-footnote-48-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-48-2\">Performance by the <a href=\"https:\/\/motetten-chor.ch\/konzerte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Motetten-Chor Region Basel<\/a>, accompanied by the string orchestra Les Temp\u00e9raments and Thomas Schmid on organ, conducted by Ambros Ott. For a different rendition, here is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4rujNoN2PAg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a performance by an unaccompanied vocal quartet<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-48-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-48-3\">This 2016 performance of Liszt\u2019s <em>Pater Noster<\/em> is by the Chamber Choir Weimar, conducted by Maximilian L\u00f6rzer, who shared the video to YouTube. <a href=\"#return-footnote-48-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-48-4\">Video recording from 1973 of Sister Janet Mead\u2019s \u201cThe Lord\u2019s Prayer.\u201d The author has thus far been unable to trace the source of the video. <a href=\"#return-footnote-48-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-48-5\">Recording shared by the composer Christopher Tin on his own YouTube channel. Performed by the Soweto Gospel Choir together with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. <a href=\"#return-footnote-48-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":110,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":917,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions\/917"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/110"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/thebibleandmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}