{"id":5,"date":"2022-06-10T18:43:21","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T18:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/?p=5"},"modified":"2022-08-17T14:30:30","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T14:30:30","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/chapter\/chapter-1\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 1: History of Psychopathology Disorders and Assessments","rendered":"Chapter 1: History of Psychopathology Disorders and Assessments"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Chapter 1: History of Psychopathology Disorders and Assessments<\/h1>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Overview<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_99\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"428\"]<img class=\" wp-image-99\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Joe Davis @ Vanabbe - Typology of Psychopathology&quot; by Cea. is licensed under CC BY 2.0. \" width=\"428\" height=\"307\" \/> \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33255628@N00\/8163990111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joe Davis @ Vanabbe - Typology of Psychopathology<\/a>\" by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33255628@N00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cea.<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPsychopathology is the study of abnormal mental states, which has provided insight to psychiatric disorders and guided the progress of psychiatry (Schultze-Lutter et al., 2018). This field also deals with treating psychological disorders like mood, anxiety, phobias, and psychotic disorders. APA defines psychological disorders as conditions where individuals experience significant disturbances in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; enough to impact their daily functioning. Those that specialize in psychopathology diagnose and treat these individuals; treatment varies from person to person (Saylor Academy).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"1\"]\r\n<h3>Definitions<\/h3>\r\nHere are some terms to know as you proceed (APA, 2022).\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"76\"]Anxiety disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"77\"]Mood disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"78\"]Personality disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"79\"]Bipolar disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"80\"]Depressive disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"81\"]Diagnosis[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"82\"]Etiology[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"83\"]Mania[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"84\"]Obsessive-compulsive disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"85\"]Post-traumatic stress disorder[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"86\"]Schizophrenia[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"87\"]Psychodynamic therapy[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"88\"]Cognitive-behavioral therapy[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"89\"]Humanistic therapy[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"90\"]Biomedical therapy[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Supernatural Tradition<\/h2>\r\nHistorically, the assumption has been made that there are supernatural causes for the development of psychological disorders (Saylor Academy). The prominent theory earlier in human history was that a demon, evil spirit, or evil god possessed someone, causing these unexplained phenomena (OpenStax); something beyond the realm of science and human understanding was considered to blame.\r\n<h2>Biological Tradition<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_101\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"365\"]<img class=\" wp-image-101\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Brain Anatomy Hoop Art. Hand Embroidered in Pink and Blue.&quot; by Hey Paul Studios is licensed under CC BY 2.0. \" width=\"365\" height=\"274\" \/> \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45257015@N03\/12890613635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brain Anatomy Hoop Art. Hand Embroidered in Pink and Blue.<\/a>\" by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45257015@N03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hey Paul Studios<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe biological tradition suggests that there is a genetic predisposition toward psychological disorders (Saylor Academy). This perspective linked\u00a0 these phenomena with \"genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnomalities\" (OpenStax). There is research to suggest a genetic component does exist and current research is thriving in this area of psychological disorders (OpenStax).\r\n<h2>Psychological Tradition<\/h2>\r\nThe diathesis-stress model from psychology believes that biology and psychology play a role in the development psychological disorders (Saylor Academy), to the point of predicting the likelihood of a disorder. This model says that the psychological variables are latent and complex statistical methods and instruments would need to be used (Telles-Correia &amp; Sampaio, 2016). Additionally, there are complex psychosocial perspectives at play, like learning stress, negative self-talk, and environmental factors that play a role in these disorders (OpenStax).\r\n\r\nReview these videos below to learn more about the early years of diagnosing this disorders and their classifications now.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"2\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"3\"]\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Biological therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/biological-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/biological-therapy<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Humanistic<\/em> <em>therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/humanistic-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/humanistic-therapy<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Cognitive behavioral therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/cognitive-behavior-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/cognitive-behavior-therapy<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Schizophrenia. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/schizophrenia\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/schizophrenia<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Posttraumatic stress disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/posttraumatic-stress-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/posttraumatic-stress-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Obsessive compulsive disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Mania. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mania\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mania<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Etiology. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/etiology\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/etiology<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Diagnosis. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/diagnosis\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/diagnosis<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Depressive disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/depressive-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/depressive-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Bipolar disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/bipolar-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/bipolar-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Personality disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/personality-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/personality-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Mood disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mood-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mood-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Anxiety disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/anxiety-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/anxiety-disorder<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Cherry, K. (2021, January 28). What is psychodynamic therapy. <em>VeryWellMind.<\/em> Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/psychodynamic-therapy-definition-uses-effectiveness-5094933\">https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/psychodynamic-therapy-definition-uses-effectiveness-5094933<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">OpenStax College (n.d.) <em>Mental health treatment: Past and present. <\/em>Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/mental-health-treatment-past-and-present\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/mental-health-treatment-past-and-present\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">OpenStax College (n.d.). <em>Perspectives on psychological disorders.<\/em> Hawaii. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 <a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/psychology\/chapter\/perspectives-on-psychological-disorders\/\">http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/psychology\/chapter\/perspectives-on-psychological-disorders\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Saylor Academy (n.d.). <em>Psychopathology.<\/em> Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/mod\/book\/view.php?id=33155&amp;chapterid=13417\">https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/mod\/book\/view.php?id=33155&amp;chapterid=13417<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Telles-Correia, D. &amp; Sampaio, D. (2016). Editorial: Historical roots of psychopathology. <em>Frontiers in Psychology.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00905\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00905<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 14). <em>Week 1 lecture 1 - Introduction to psychopathology <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tdl0GDXEHU0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tdl0GDXEHU0<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 14). <em>Week 1 lecture 2 - DSM Classification and assessment <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HFWSstMIu-k\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HFWSstMIu-k<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 24). <em>Week 1 lecture 3 - Early approaches to studying the mind <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZvTNM-cRfes\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZvTNM-cRfes<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 15). <em>Week 1 lecture 4 - The 20th century and beyond <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZFToxD3_oN0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZFToxD3_oN0<\/a><\/p>","rendered":"<h1>Chapter 1: History of Psychopathology Disorders and Assessments<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Overview<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_99\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-99\" style=\"width: 428px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img class=\"wp-image-99\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Joe Davis @ Vanabbe - Typology of Psychopathology&quot; by Cea. is licensed under CC BY 2.0.\" width=\"428\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-65x47.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-225x162.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1-350x251.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/psychopathology1.jpg 500w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-99\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33255628@N00\/8163990111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joe Davis @ Vanabbe &#8211; Typology of Psychopathology<\/a>&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33255628@N00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cea.<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Psychopathology is the study of abnormal mental states, which has provided insight to psychiatric disorders and guided the progress of psychiatry (Schultze-Lutter et al., 2018). This field also deals with treating psychological disorders like mood, anxiety, phobias, and psychotic disorders. APA defines psychological disorders as conditions where individuals experience significant disturbances in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; enough to impact their daily functioning. Those that specialize in psychopathology diagnose and treat these individuals; treatment varies from person to person (Saylor Academy).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-1\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Intro to Psychopathology\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Definitions<\/h3>\n<p>Here are some terms to know as you proceed (APA, 2022).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-76\">Anxiety disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-77\">Mood disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-78\">Personality disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-79\">Bipolar disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-80\">Depressive disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-81\">Diagnosis<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-82\">Etiology<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-83\">Mania<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-84\">Obsessive-compulsive disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-85\">Post-traumatic stress disorder<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-86\">Schizophrenia<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-87\">Psychodynamic therapy<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-88\">Cognitive-behavioral therapy<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-89\">Humanistic therapy<\/button><\/li>\n<li><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"5-90\">Biomedical therapy<\/button><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Supernatural Tradition<\/h2>\n<p>Historically, the assumption has been made that there are supernatural causes for the development of psychological disorders (Saylor Academy). The prominent theory earlier in human history was that a demon, evil spirit, or evil god possessed someone, causing these unexplained phenomena (OpenStax); something beyond the realm of science and human understanding was considered to blame.<\/p>\n<h2>Biological Tradition<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_101\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-101\" style=\"width: 365px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img class=\"wp-image-101\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Brain Anatomy Hoop Art. Hand Embroidered in Pink and Blue.&quot; by Hey Paul Studios is licensed under CC BY 2.0.\" width=\"365\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/06\/brain1.jpg 1024w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-101\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45257015@N03\/12890613635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brain Anatomy Hoop Art. Hand Embroidered in Pink and Blue.<\/a>&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45257015@N03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hey Paul Studios<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The biological tradition suggests that there is a genetic predisposition toward psychological disorders (Saylor Academy). This perspective linked\u00a0 these phenomena with &#8220;genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnomalities&#8221; (OpenStax). There is research to suggest a genetic component does exist and current research is thriving in this area of psychological disorders (OpenStax).<\/p>\n<h2>Psychological Tradition<\/h2>\n<p>The diathesis-stress model from psychology believes that biology and psychology play a role in the development psychological disorders (Saylor Academy), to the point of predicting the likelihood of a disorder. This model says that the psychological variables are latent and complex statistical methods and instruments would need to be used (Telles-Correia &amp; Sampaio, 2016). Additionally, there are complex psychosocial perspectives at play, like learning stress, negative self-talk, and environmental factors that play a role in these disorders (OpenStax).<\/p>\n<p>Review these videos below to learn more about the early years of diagnosing this disorders and their classifications now.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-2\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-2\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"2\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"The history of psychopathology\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-3\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-3\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"3\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Complete this crossword to review some of the relevant definitions\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Biological therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/biological-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/biological-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Humanistic<\/em> <em>therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/humanistic-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/humanistic-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Cognitive behavioral therapy. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/cognitive-behavior-therapy\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/cognitive-behavior-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Schizophrenia. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/schizophrenia\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/schizophrenia<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Posttraumatic stress disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/posttraumatic-stress-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/posttraumatic-stress-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Obsessive compulsive disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Mania. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mania\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mania<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Etiology. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/etiology\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/etiology<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Diagnosis. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/diagnosis\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/diagnosis<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Depressive disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/depressive-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/depressive-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Bipolar disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/bipolar-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/bipolar-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Personality disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/personality-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/personality-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Mood disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mood-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/mood-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">American Psychological Association (2022). <em>Anxiety disorder. <\/em>APA. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/anxiety-disorder\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/anxiety-disorder<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Cherry, K. (2021, January 28). What is psychodynamic therapy. <em>VeryWellMind.<\/em> Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/psychodynamic-therapy-definition-uses-effectiveness-5094933\">https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/psychodynamic-therapy-definition-uses-effectiveness-5094933<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">OpenStax College (n.d.) <em>Mental health treatment: Past and present. <\/em>Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/mental-health-treatment-past-and-present\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/chapter\/mental-health-treatment-past-and-present\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">OpenStax College (n.d.). <em>Perspectives on psychological disorders.<\/em> Hawaii. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 <a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/psychology\/chapter\/perspectives-on-psychological-disorders\/\">http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/psychology\/chapter\/perspectives-on-psychological-disorders\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Saylor Academy (n.d.). <em>Psychopathology.<\/em> Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved on August 10, 2022 from <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/mod\/book\/view.php?id=33155&amp;chapterid=13417\">https:\/\/learn.saylor.org\/mod\/book\/view.php?id=33155&amp;chapterid=13417<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Telles-Correia, D. &amp; Sampaio, D. (2016). Editorial: Historical roots of psychopathology. <em>Frontiers in Psychology.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00905\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00905<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 14). <em>Week 1 lecture 1 &#8211; Introduction to psychopathology <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tdl0GDXEHU0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tdl0GDXEHU0<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 14). <em>Week 1 lecture 2 &#8211; DSM Classification and assessment <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HFWSstMIu-k\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HFWSstMIu-k<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 24). <em>Week 1 lecture 3 &#8211; Early approaches to studying the mind <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZvTNM-cRfes\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZvTNM-cRfes<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">UNSW eLearning (2020, September 15). <em>Week 1 lecture 4 &#8211; The 20th century and beyond <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZFToxD3_oN0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZFToxD3_oN0<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-76\" hidden><p>A group of disorders that have a central theme of worry, fear, and apprehension.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-77\" hidden><p>Condition that has a signature feature of emotional disturbance (examples: bipolar, depressive disorder, etc.)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-78\" hidden><p>A group of disorders that relate to the self interfering with long-term functioning and not limited to specific, isolated incidents. There are different clusters of these sort disorders but include disorders like antisocial, schizoid, or obsessive-compulsive disorders.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-79\" hidden><p>A group of mood disorders that alternate between mania and depressive episodes.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-80\" hidden><p>Sadness is the prominent symptom of these disorders.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-81\" hidden><p>The process of determining an individual's disease or disorder by recognizing and categorizing the symptoms experienced.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-82\" hidden><p>The cause and progress of a disease or disorder.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-83\" hidden><p>A general state of excitement, euphoria, often with impaired judgment or grandiose ideas.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-84\" hidden><p>Characterized by intrusive thoughts and rituals that to the point of impairing functioning.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-85\" hidden><p>Occurs when an individual experiences a traumatic event and then feels overwhelming fear, terror, or helplessness associated with triggered flashbacks, avoidance behavior, and physiological arousal.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-86\" hidden><p>Characterized by disturbance in thinking, emotional responses, and behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-87\" hidden><p>An approach that encourages a deeper understanding of emotions and mental processes (Cherry, 2021)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-88\" hidden><p>A form of psychotherapy that incorporates cognition and learning with techniques from cognitive and behavioral therapies.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-89\" hidden><p>A combination of psychotherapeutic approaches that encourage the individual to grow and focus on their potential.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"5-90\" hidden><p>A form of treatment that attempts to alter physiological functioning, drug-related therapies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":23,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions\/124"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/psychopathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}