{"id":5,"date":"2023-07-24T18:23:24","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T18:23:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/?p=5"},"modified":"2023-07-24T19:10:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T19:10:15","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/chapter\/chapter-1\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 1","rendered":"Chapter 1"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>An Overview of CNC<\/h1>\r\n<h2>CNC Definition<\/h2>\r\nCNC stands for Computerized Numerical Control. It is a computerized manufacturing process in which pre-programmed software and code controls the movement of production equipment.\r\n<h2>CNC Machining Definition<\/h2>\r\nCNC machining controls a range of complex machinery, such as grinders, lathes, and turning mills, all of which are used to cut, shape, and create different parts and prototypes.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"1\"]\r\n<h2>CNC Machining Process Basics<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/cnc-evolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evolving from the numerical control (NC) machining process<\/a>\u00a0which utilized punched tape cards, CNC machining is a manufacturing process which utilizes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/cnc-control-type\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">computerized controls<\/a>\u00a0to operate and manipulate machine and cutting tools to shape stock material\u2014e.g., metal, plastic, wood, foam, composite, etc.\u2014into custom parts and designs. While the CNC machining process offers various capabilities and operations, the fundamental principles of the process remain largely the same throughout all of them. The basic CNC machining process includes the following stages:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Designing the CAD model<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Converting the CAD file to a CNC program<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preparing the CNC machine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Executing the machining operation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>CNC Machining Materials<\/h2>\r\nThe CNC machining process is suitable for a variety of engineering materials, including:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Metal (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/procamservices.com\/choose-cnc-machining-aluminum-manufacturer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aluminum<\/a>, brass, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Plastic (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cncplastics.com\/materials\/peek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PEEK<\/a>, PTFE, nylon, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Wood<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Foam<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Composites<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe optimal material for selection to apply to a CNC manufacturing application is largely dependent on the particular manufacturing application and its specifications. Most materials can be machined provided that they can withstand the machining process\u2014i.e., have sufficient hardness, tensile strength, shear strength, and chemical and temperature resistance.\r\n\r\nThe workpiece material and its physical properties are used to determine the optimal cutting speed, cutting feed rate, and depth of cut. Measured in surface feet per minute, the cutting speed refers to how fast the machine tool cuts into or removes material from the workpiece. The feed rate\u2014measured in inches per minute\u2014is a measure of how fast the workpiece is fed towards the machine tool, and the cut depth is how deep the cutting tool cuts into the workpiece. Typically, the workpiece will first undergo an initial phase in which it is roughly machined to the approximate, custom-designed shape and dimensions, and then undertake a finishing phase in which it experiences slower feed rates and shallower cut depths to achieve its more precise and accurate specifications.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"2\"]\r\n<h2>Test Yourself<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"3\"]\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\nConcerning Reality (2018). <em>What is CNC machining and how does it work? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nGoodwin University (2018). <em>What is CNC? <\/em>Retrieved on July 24, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/what-is-cnc\/\">https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/what-is-cnc\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nHubs (2020). <em>CNC machining - what is it and how does it work? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nStaff (2023). <em>What is CNC machining? <\/em>Thomas. Retrieved on July 24, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a>","rendered":"<h1>An Overview of CNC<\/h1>\n<h2>CNC Definition<\/h2>\n<p>CNC stands for Computerized Numerical Control. It is a computerized manufacturing process in which pre-programmed software and code controls the movement of production equipment.<\/p>\n<h2>CNC Machining Definition<\/h2>\n<p>CNC machining controls a range of complex machinery, such as grinders, lathes, and turning mills, all of which are used to cut, shape, and create different parts and prototypes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-1\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"CNC Machining Definition\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>CNC Machining Process Basics<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/cnc-evolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evolving from the numerical control (NC) machining process<\/a>\u00a0which utilized punched tape cards, CNC machining is a manufacturing process which utilizes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/cnc-control-type\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">computerized controls<\/a>\u00a0to operate and manipulate machine and cutting tools to shape stock material\u2014e.g., metal, plastic, wood, foam, composite, etc.\u2014into custom parts and designs. While the CNC machining process offers various capabilities and operations, the fundamental principles of the process remain largely the same throughout all of them. The basic CNC machining process includes the following stages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designing the CAD model<\/li>\n<li>Converting the CAD file to a CNC program<\/li>\n<li>Preparing the CNC machine<\/li>\n<li>Executing the machining operation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>CNC Machining Materials<\/h2>\n<p>The CNC machining process is suitable for a variety of engineering materials, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Metal (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/procamservices.com\/choose-cnc-machining-aluminum-manufacturer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aluminum<\/a>, brass, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Plastic (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cncplastics.com\/materials\/peek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PEEK<\/a>, PTFE, nylon, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Wood<\/li>\n<li>Foam<\/li>\n<li>Composites<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The optimal material for selection to apply to a CNC manufacturing application is largely dependent on the particular manufacturing application and its specifications. Most materials can be machined provided that they can withstand the machining process\u2014i.e., have sufficient hardness, tensile strength, shear strength, and chemical and temperature resistance.<\/p>\n<p>The workpiece material and its physical properties are used to determine the optimal cutting speed, cutting feed rate, and depth of cut. Measured in surface feet per minute, the cutting speed refers to how fast the machine tool cuts into or removes material from the workpiece. The feed rate\u2014measured in inches per minute\u2014is a measure of how fast the workpiece is fed towards the machine tool, and the cut depth is how deep the cutting tool cuts into the workpiece. Typically, the workpiece will first undergo an initial phase in which it is roughly machined to the approximate, custom-designed shape and dimensions, and then undertake a finishing phase in which it experiences slower feed rates and shallower cut depths to achieve its more precise and accurate specifications.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-2\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-2\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"2\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Ch 1 Video\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Test Yourself<\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-3\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-3\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"3\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Ch 1 Questions\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Concerning Reality (2018). <em>What is CNC machining and how does it work? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Goodwin University (2018). <em>What is CNC? <\/em>Retrieved on July 24, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/what-is-cnc\/\">https:\/\/www.goodwin.edu\/enews\/what-is-cnc\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hubs (2020). <em>CNC machining &#8211; what is it and how does it work? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Staff (2023). <em>What is CNC machining? <\/em>Thomas. Retrieved on July 24, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/articles\/custom-manufacturing-fabricating\/understanding-cnc-machining\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions\/27"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/etd433\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}