{"id":5,"date":"2023-04-17T18:22:37","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T18:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/?p=5"},"modified":"2023-06-23T15:54:06","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T15:54:06","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/chapter\/chapter-1\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 1","rendered":"Chapter 1"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Chapter 1: Introduction to DFMA<\/h2>\r\n<h3>The History of DFMA<\/h3>\r\nReview the DFMA timeline below to become familiar with the most significant milestones leading to the development and use of DFMA in engineering practices. Select the arrow on the right side of the interactive timeline to progress through the decades. You can also select the icon in the upper right corner to expand your view.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"14\"]\r\n<h3>So, what is DFMA?<\/h3>\r\n[h5p id=\"4\"]\r\n\r\nDesign for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) is an engineering methodology which focuses on reducing time-to-market and total production costs by prioritizing the following during the early design phases of the product life cycle.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Ease of manufacture for the product's parts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Simplified assembly of those parts into the final product<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nDFMA is comprised of two components: Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_47\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"469\"]<img class=\"wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-300x169.png\" alt=\"Components of DFM: Select the most cost-effective raw materials Promote simplified manufacturing processes during the design phase. Reduce manufacturing time and costs for all products where possible.; Components of DFA: Minimize assembly time, cost, and complexities Minimize the number of parts and steps to complete production Minimize variability to improve quality.\" width=\"469\" height=\"264\" \/> A comparison of DFM and DFA.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe goal is to design a product which makes the customer happy and is the lowest overall cost, but there are other factors as well:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Best material for the process and product<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Minimum number of components<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Easy to acquire to the components<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Easy to assemble<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Easy to maintain the device<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Easy to recycle at the end of the product's life<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe product starts and ends with the customer. It could be called the voice of the customer, stakeholder input\/analysis, customer request, scope of work, or critical quality requirements. Learn more about how to manufacture success by reviewing the following plan by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/resources\/itt.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David M. Vranson: A Plan for Manufacturing Success<\/a> (2011)\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\nBoothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2018). <em>What is DFMA? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2010). <em>Case study: Desgin in cost reduction. <\/em>Quality Magazine. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction\">https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction<\/a>\r\n\r\nDFMA (2023). <em>How do you reduce cost while still achieving function, reliability, and time to market objectives? <\/em>Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/\">https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nDong, D., Zou, Y., Pan, H., Zhou, G., Feng, Y., &amp; Tang, Y. (2023). DFMA-oriented modular and parametric design and secondary splitting of vertical PC components. <em>Scientific Reports, 13. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-30192-z#citeas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30192-z<\/a>\r\n\r\nFavi, C., Mandolini, M., Campi, F., Cicconi, P., Raffaeli, R., &amp; Germani, M. (2021). Design for manufacturing and assembly: A method for rules classification. <em>Advanances on Mechanics, Design Engineering, and Manufacturing III. <\/em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-70566-4_56\r\n\r\nFormentini, G., Rodriguez, N., &amp; Favi, C. (2022). Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: A systematic literature review. <em>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120. <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/Additional Case Studies DFMA-Oriented Modular and Parametric Design and Secondary Splitting of Vertical PC Components (Dong et al., 2023) DfMA and DfD in the Construction Industry: Challenges, trends and developments (Roxas et al., 2023) Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: A systematic literature review (Formentini et al., 2022) References Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2018). What is DFMA? [Video]. YouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2010). Case study: Desgin in cost reduction. Quality Magazine. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction DFMA (2023). How do you reduce cost while still achieving function, reliability, and time to market objectives? Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/ Dong, D., Zou, Y., Pan, H., Zhou, G., Feng, Y., &amp; Tang, Y. (2023). DFMA-oriented modular and parametric design and secondary splitting of vertical PC components. Scientific Reports, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30192-z Maverick, J. (2023). Is it more important for a company to lower costs or increase revenue? Investopedia. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp Roxas, C., Bautistia, C., Cruz, O., Dela Crus, R., De Pedro, J., Bungca, J., Lejano, B., &amp; Ongpeng, J. (2023).\u00a0Design for manufacturing and assembly and design for deconstruction in the construction industry: Challenges, trends, and developments. Buildings, 13(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings13051164 Siemens (2023). Design for manufacturing and assembly. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org.\/10.1007\/s00170-022-08837-6<\/a>\r\n\r\nGoldense, B. (2022). A history of design for manufacturing and assembly. <em>MachineDesign. <\/em>Retrieved on June 23, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.machinedesign.com\/automation-iiot\/article\/21213546\/a-history-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly\">https:\/\/www.machinedesign.com\/automation-iiot\/article\/21213546\/a-history-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly<\/a>\r\n\r\nLiu, H., Zhang, Y., Lei, Z., Li, H., Han, S. (2021). Design for manufacturing and assembly: A BIM-Enabled generated framework for building panelization design. <em>Smart Manufacturing for Industrialized Construction. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ace\/2021\/5554551\/\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/555455<\/a>\r\n\r\nMaverick, J. (2023). <em>Is it more important for a company to lower costs or increase revenue? <\/em>Investopedia. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp\">https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp<\/a>\r\n\r\nde Oliveira, S., dos Santos, M., Kieling, A. (2021). The integration of DFMA and reverse engineering applied to a landing gear redesign. <em>Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications, 7<\/em>(31). <a href=\"https:\/\/itegam-jetia.org\/journal\/index.php\/jetia\/article\/view\/775\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/jetia.v7i31.775<\/a>\r\n\r\nRoxas, C., Bautistia, C., Cruz, O., Dela Crus, R., De Pedro, J., Bungca, J., Lejano, B., &amp; Ongpeng, J. (2023).\u00a0Design for manufacturing and assembly and design for deconstruction in the construction industry: Challenges, trends, and developments. <em>Buildings, 13<\/em>(5). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/13\/5\/1164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings13051164<\/a>\r\n\r\nSiemens (2023). <em>Design for manufacturing and assembly. <\/em>Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982\">https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h2>Chapter 1: Introduction to DFMA<\/h2>\n<h3>The History of DFMA<\/h3>\n<p>Review the DFMA timeline below to become familiar with the most significant milestones leading to the development and use of DFMA in engineering practices. Select the arrow on the right side of the interactive timeline to progress through the decades. You can also select the icon in the upper right corner to expand your view.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-14\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-14\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"14\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"History of DFMA\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>So, what is DFMA?<\/h3>\n<div id=\"h5p-4\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-4\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"4\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"What is DFMA?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) is an engineering methodology which focuses on reducing time-to-market and total production costs by prioritizing the following during the early design phases of the product life cycle.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ease of manufacture for the product&#8217;s parts.<\/li>\n<li>Simplified assembly of those parts into the final product<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>DFMA is comprised of two components: Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_47\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47\" style=\"width: 469px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img class=\"wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-300x169.png\" alt=\"Components of DFM: Select the most cost-effective raw materials Promote simplified manufacturing processes during the design phase. Reduce manufacturing time and costs for all products where possible.; Components of DFA: Minimize assembly time, cost, and complexities Minimize the number of parts and steps to complete production Minimize variability to improve quality.\" width=\"469\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1-350x197.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2023\/04\/sandbox-presentation1.png 1920w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-47\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comparison of DFM and DFA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The goal is to design a product which makes the customer happy and is the lowest overall cost, but there are other factors as well:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Best material for the process and product<\/li>\n<li>Minimum number of components<\/li>\n<li>Easy to acquire to the components<\/li>\n<li>Easy to assemble<\/li>\n<li>Easy to maintain the device<\/li>\n<li>Easy to recycle at the end of the product&#8217;s life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The product starts and ends with the customer. It could be called the voice of the customer, stakeholder input\/analysis, customer request, scope of work, or critical quality requirements. Learn more about how to manufacture success by reviewing the following plan by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/resources\/itt.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David M. Vranson: A Plan for Manufacturing Success<\/a> (2011)<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2018). <em>What is DFMA? <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2010). <em>Case study: Desgin in cost reduction. <\/em>Quality Magazine. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction\">https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction<\/a><\/p>\n<p>DFMA (2023). <em>How do you reduce cost while still achieving function, reliability, and time to market objectives? <\/em>Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/\">https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dong, D., Zou, Y., Pan, H., Zhou, G., Feng, Y., &amp; Tang, Y. (2023). DFMA-oriented modular and parametric design and secondary splitting of vertical PC components. <em>Scientific Reports, 13. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-30192-z#citeas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30192-z<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Favi, C., Mandolini, M., Campi, F., Cicconi, P., Raffaeli, R., &amp; Germani, M. (2021). Design for manufacturing and assembly: A method for rules classification. <em>Advanances on Mechanics, Design Engineering, and Manufacturing III. <\/em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-70566-4_56<\/p>\n<p>Formentini, G., Rodriguez, N., &amp; Favi, C. (2022). Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: A systematic literature review. <em>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120. <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/Additional Case Studies DFMA-Oriented Modular and Parametric Design and Secondary Splitting of Vertical PC Components (Dong et al., 2023) DfMA and DfD in the Construction Industry: Challenges, trends and developments (Roxas et al., 2023) Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: A systematic literature review (Formentini et al., 2022) References Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2018). What is DFMA? [Video]. YouTube. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H6XtXCvhaec Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. (2010). Case study: Desgin in cost reduction. Quality Magazine. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.qualitymag.com\/articles\/84738-case-study-design-in-cost-reduction DFMA (2023). How do you reduce cost while still achieving function, reliability, and time to market objectives? Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.dfma.com\/ Dong, D., Zou, Y., Pan, H., Zhou, G., Feng, Y., &amp; Tang, Y. (2023). DFMA-oriented modular and parametric design and secondary splitting of vertical PC components. Scientific Reports, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30192-z Maverick, J. (2023). Is it more important for a company to lower costs or increase revenue? Investopedia. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp Roxas, C., Bautistia, C., Cruz, O., Dela Crus, R., De Pedro, J., Bungca, J., Lejano, B., &amp; Ongpeng, J. (2023).\u00a0Design for manufacturing and assembly and design for deconstruction in the construction industry: Challenges, trends, and developments. Buildings, 13(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings13051164 Siemens (2023). Design for manufacturing and assembly. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org.\/10.1007\/s00170-022-08837-6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Goldense, B. (2022). A history of design for manufacturing and assembly. <em>MachineDesign. <\/em>Retrieved on June 23, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.machinedesign.com\/automation-iiot\/article\/21213546\/a-history-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly\">https:\/\/www.machinedesign.com\/automation-iiot\/article\/21213546\/a-history-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Lei, Z., Li, H., Han, S. (2021). Design for manufacturing and assembly: A BIM-Enabled generated framework for building panelization design. <em>Smart Manufacturing for Industrialized Construction. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ace\/2021\/5554551\/\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/555455<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Maverick, J. (2023). <em>Is it more important for a company to lower costs or increase revenue? <\/em>Investopedia. Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp\">https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/122214\/company-it-more-important-lower-costs-or-increase-revenue.asp<\/a><\/p>\n<p>de Oliveira, S., dos Santos, M., Kieling, A. (2021). The integration of DFMA and reverse engineering applied to a landing gear redesign. <em>Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications, 7<\/em>(31). <a href=\"https:\/\/itegam-jetia.org\/journal\/index.php\/jetia\/article\/view\/775\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/jetia.v7i31.775<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Roxas, C., Bautistia, C., Cruz, O., Dela Crus, R., De Pedro, J., Bungca, J., Lejano, B., &amp; Ongpeng, J. (2023).\u00a0Design for manufacturing and assembly and design for deconstruction in the construction industry: Challenges, trends, and developments. <em>Buildings, 13<\/em>(5). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/13\/5\/1164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings13051164<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Siemens (2023). <em>Design for manufacturing and assembly. <\/em>Retrieved on May 8, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982\">https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/our-story\/glossary\/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma\/53982<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions\/110"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}