{"id":26,"date":"2023-04-18T11:29:43","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T11:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=26"},"modified":"2023-06-22T15:08:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T15:08:48","slug":"chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/chapter\/chapter-4\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 4","rendered":"Chapter 4"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Chapter 4: Elegant and Creative Design<\/h1>\r\n[h5p id=\"7\"]\r\n<h3>Overview: Elegant Design Defined<\/h3>\r\nOne way to define Elegant Design is like this: In 2010, at the International Aeronautical Congress, former NASA Administrator, Dr. Michael Griffin presented a paper entitled \"How do we fix systems engineering?\". In that paper Dr. Griffin introduced the properties of Elegant Design. The four properties of an elegant design are that it effective, it is robust, it is efficient, and it minimizes unintended consequences. Read more about these ideas by reviewing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/28_watson_building_a_path_to_elegant_design_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Building a Path to Elegant Design\"<\/a> by Watson et al. (2014).\r\n\r\nAnother way to define Elegant Design is like this: Bill Shust, Mechanical Engineer and author of many publications regarding design and design analysis defines \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering\">elegant<\/a>\" engineering in the same way we define art: it's value is largely determined by the individual's perspective. Some criteria for an elegant product design are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The device or solution is simple<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is intuitive to use (\"user-friendly\")<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Works all the time, every time<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Often accomplishes more than one goal simultaneously, yet again simply<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Often circumvents a failure mode which may plague more complicated, but similar devices<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There may be bonus features, such as exploiting a well-known scientific principle in a covert way or it is aesthetically pleasing (or results in something which is aesthetically pleasing).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nHere are some examples, see if you can determine which is the elegant solution.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"8\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA third definition is provided below in a video about Mark Sanders.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"9\"]\r\n<h3>Creative Design Process<\/h3>\r\nThe Creative Design Process should involve the following steps, at a minimum:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify product and process development team.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify customer needs and expectations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brainstorm concepts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Evaluate concepts.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nRemember: allow sufficient time for brainstorming and evaluation, as well as re-iterations as needed, before selecting the final concept. Additionally, while taking more time here may feel like it is extending the overall time to market, it is very often reducing time to market by 45%. The use of proper DFMA practices can streamline the approach and improve efficiency.\r\n<h3>Team Approach to Product Design and Development (PDD)<\/h3>\r\nAs we have discussed already, Concurrent Engineering and effective DFMA requires an effective team approach to Product Design and Development.\u00a0 It is imperative that all product and process stakeholders are identified and represented in the PDD process.\u00a0 While it is not necessary for formal meetings to include all stakeholders, teams should always ask at each meeting (start and finish) whether all the correct stakeholders are present.\u00a0 The topic of team effectiveness and communication will be discussed in a later chapter.\r\n<h3>Identify Product and Process Development Team<\/h3>\r\nPlanning and creation of a cross-functional team which represents the external customer, suppliers, and internal departments is critical.\u00a0 Leaving product or process stakeholders out of the conversation inevitably leads to problems, lost time, and\/or re-design.\u00a0 All of which are very costly and in opposition to the goals of DFMA.\r\n\r\nDesign decisions gather inertia and the further the design progresses, the harder (and costlier) it can be to go backwards and re-design. Engineers become invested in their drawings\/models.\u00a0 Commitments to suppliers and materials are made.\u00a0 New equipment and\/or tooling for manufacturing is ordered,etc. \u00a0However, when stakeholders (like external customers, process operators, purchasing managers, etc.) are included in the process, challenges can be identified early and corrected.\u00a0 This prevents locking in design decisions which would be detrimental and costly which is fundamental to DFMA.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"10\"]\r\n<h3>Identification of Customer Needs and Expectations<\/h3>\r\n<h3>Brainstorm Concepts<\/h3>\r\n[h5p id=\"12\"]\r\n<h3>Evaluate Concepts<\/h3>\r\nThe next step is choose the best concepts to more fully develop.\u00a0 There are many ways to do this, voting or multivoting is often very common.\u00a0 However, for engineering design concepts a more structured approach will help ensure that the design is customer-focused, best suited for manufacturing processes, and the concept selections are data-based rather than emotionally-charged decisions.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"11\"]\r\n<h3>References<\/h3>\r\nASQ (2023). <em>House of quality. <\/em>Retrieved on June 22, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/house-of-quality\">https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/house-of-quality<\/a>\r\n\r\nHirschtick, J. (2017). <em>The future of CAD <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i0uyi1MWY5Y\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i0uyi1MWY5Y<\/a>\r\n\r\nOnshape (2023). <em>Design should be elegant <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s9tCbnwlRMk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s9tCbnwlRMk<\/a>\r\n\r\nProject Management Guide (2020). <em>What are project stakeholders and how to engage them <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=smLEGBxtRE0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=smLEGBxtRE0<\/a>\r\n\r\nRober, M. (2016). <em>How to come up with good ideas <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1kbrlZRDvU\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1kbrlZRDvU<\/a>\r\n\r\nShust, B. (2023). <em>What does the term \"elegant\" mean in the field of engineering?<\/em> Quora. Retrieved on June 22, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering\">https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering<\/a>\r\n\r\nSix Sigma Mania (2022). <em>Pugh matrix example + Excel template <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EysfnfRb6Ug\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EysfnfRb6Ug<\/a>\r\n\r\nStompff, G. (2017). <em>Speed up innovation with design thinking <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZBxZC9I6xyk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZBxZC9I6xyk<\/a>\r\n\r\nWatson, M., Griffin, M., Farrington, P., Burns, L., Colley, W., Collopy, P., Doty, J., Johnson, S., Malak, R., Shelton, J., Szajnfarber, Z., Utley, D., &amp; Yang, M. (2014). Building a path to elegant design. <em>American Society for Engineering Management. <\/em>\r\n\r\nZuebisch, C. (2020). <em>Concept select, decision matrix, pugh matrix <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNrYdLzQn7M\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNrYdLzQn7M<\/a>","rendered":"<h1>Chapter 4: Elegant and Creative Design<\/h1>\n<div id=\"h5p-7\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-7\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"7\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 4 Introduction\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Overview: Elegant Design Defined<\/h3>\n<p>One way to define Elegant Design is like this: In 2010, at the International Aeronautical Congress, former NASA Administrator, Dr. Michael Griffin presented a paper entitled &#8220;How do we fix systems engineering?&#8221;. In that paper Dr. Griffin introduced the properties of Elegant Design. The four properties of an elegant design are that it effective, it is robust, it is efficient, and it minimizes unintended consequences. Read more about these ideas by reviewing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/28_watson_building_a_path_to_elegant_design_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Building a Path to Elegant Design&#8221;<\/a> by Watson et al. (2014).<\/p>\n<p>Another way to define Elegant Design is like this: Bill Shust, Mechanical Engineer and author of many publications regarding design and design analysis defines &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering\">elegant<\/a>&#8221; engineering in the same way we define art: it&#8217;s value is largely determined by the individual&#8217;s perspective. Some criteria for an elegant product design are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The device or solution is simple<\/li>\n<li>It is intuitive to use (&#8220;user-friendly&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>Works all the time, every time<\/li>\n<li>Often accomplishes more than one goal simultaneously, yet again simply<\/li>\n<li>Often circumvents a failure mode which may plague more complicated, but similar devices<\/li>\n<li>There may be bonus features, such as exploiting a well-known scientific principle in a covert way or it is aesthetically pleasing (or results in something which is aesthetically pleasing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here are some examples, see if you can determine which is the elegant solution.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-8\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-8\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"8\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Elevant vs. Not Elegant\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A third definition is provided below in a video about Mark Sanders.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-9\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-9\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"9\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Design Should Be Elegant\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Creative Design Process<\/h3>\n<p>The Creative Design Process should involve the following steps, at a minimum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify product and process development team.<\/li>\n<li>Identify customer needs and expectations.<\/li>\n<li>Brainstorm concepts.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluate concepts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember: allow sufficient time for brainstorming and evaluation, as well as re-iterations as needed, before selecting the final concept. Additionally, while taking more time here may feel like it is extending the overall time to market, it is very often reducing time to market by 45%. The use of proper DFMA practices can streamline the approach and improve efficiency.<\/p>\n<h3>Team Approach to Product Design and Development (PDD)<\/h3>\n<p>As we have discussed already, Concurrent Engineering and effective DFMA requires an effective team approach to Product Design and Development.\u00a0 It is imperative that all product and process stakeholders are identified and represented in the PDD process.\u00a0 While it is not necessary for formal meetings to include all stakeholders, teams should always ask at each meeting (start and finish) whether all the correct stakeholders are present.\u00a0 The topic of team effectiveness and communication will be discussed in a later chapter.<\/p>\n<h3>Identify Product and Process Development Team<\/h3>\n<p>Planning and creation of a cross-functional team which represents the external customer, suppliers, and internal departments is critical.\u00a0 Leaving product or process stakeholders out of the conversation inevitably leads to problems, lost time, and\/or re-design.\u00a0 All of which are very costly and in opposition to the goals of DFMA.<\/p>\n<p>Design decisions gather inertia and the further the design progresses, the harder (and costlier) it can be to go backwards and re-design. Engineers become invested in their drawings\/models.\u00a0 Commitments to suppliers and materials are made.\u00a0 New equipment and\/or tooling for manufacturing is ordered,etc. \u00a0However, when stakeholders (like external customers, process operators, purchasing managers, etc.) are included in the process, challenges can be identified early and corrected.\u00a0 This prevents locking in design decisions which would be detrimental and costly which is fundamental to DFMA.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-10\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-10\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"10\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"What are project stakeholders and how to engage them\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Identification of Customer Needs and Expectations<\/h3>\n<h3>Brainstorm Concepts<\/h3>\n<div id=\"h5p-12\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-12\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"12\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 4 Brainstorming\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Evaluate Concepts<\/h3>\n<p>The next step is choose the best concepts to more fully develop.\u00a0 There are many ways to do this, voting or multivoting is often very common.\u00a0 However, for engineering design concepts a more structured approach will help ensure that the design is customer-focused, best suited for manufacturing processes, and the concept selections are data-based rather than emotionally-charged decisions.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-11\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-11\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"11\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"brainstorming concepts\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<p>ASQ (2023). <em>House of quality. <\/em>Retrieved on June 22, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/house-of-quality\">https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/house-of-quality<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hirschtick, J. (2017). <em>The future of CAD <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i0uyi1MWY5Y\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i0uyi1MWY5Y<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Onshape (2023). <em>Design should be elegant <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s9tCbnwlRMk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s9tCbnwlRMk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Project Management Guide (2020). <em>What are project stakeholders and how to engage them <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=smLEGBxtRE0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=smLEGBxtRE0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rober, M. (2016). <em>How to come up with good ideas <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1kbrlZRDvU\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L1kbrlZRDvU<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shust, B. (2023). <em>What does the term &#8220;elegant&#8221; mean in the field of engineering?<\/em> Quora. Retrieved on June 22, 2023 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering\">https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-does-the-term-elegant-mean-in-the-field-of-engineering<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Six Sigma Mania (2022). <em>Pugh matrix example + Excel template <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EysfnfRb6Ug\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EysfnfRb6Ug<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Stompff, G. (2017). <em>Speed up innovation with design thinking <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZBxZC9I6xyk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZBxZC9I6xyk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Watson, M., Griffin, M., Farrington, P., Burns, L., Colley, W., Collopy, P., Doty, J., Johnson, S., Malak, R., Shelton, J., Szajnfarber, Z., Utley, D., &amp; Yang, M. (2014). Building a path to elegant design. <em>American Society for Engineering Management. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zuebisch, C. (2020). <em>Concept select, decision matrix, pugh matrix <\/em>[Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNrYdLzQn7M\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNrYdLzQn7M<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/revisions\/92"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/designmanufactureassembly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}