![\"A](\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2025\/04\/image20.jpeg\")
1. INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n1. Locate the cities of Madrid and Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe Iberian Peninsula, the Strait of Gibraltar, the Guadalquivir River, the Pyrenees, the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla, the Mediterranean Sea, Portugal, France and Morocco.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n2. Read the following text about Spain and explain the sentences below.<\/span><\/span>\r\nSpain is an ancient civilization brimming with cultural expression and one of the most influential countries in the Hispanic world. Spain's history is complex due to its location. It has shared kingdoms with several European countries, including Portugal and France, and parts of the country were colonized by Muslim kingdoms. Because of its position as a gateway to the Atlantic and its connection to the Mediterranean, Spain has been a land of seafarers even before Christopher Columbus's expeditions to the Americas. Spanish is spoken in Spain, but so are Basque, Valencian, Catalan, and Galician, in addition to a wide range of dialects and accents. In general, its people are multicultural due to the mixing of Arabs, Jews, Africans, people of mixed ancestry, Native Americans, and Europeans. Spain is a country rich in art and beauty, boasting Roman, Jewish, Muslim, and Christian antiquities. It has distinguished itself in the art world with painters such as Salvador Dal\u00ed, Picasso, Vel\u00e1zquez, and Goya, and writers such as Miguel de Cervantes and G\u00f3ngora. One of its biggest challenges is controlling immigration from African and Latin American countries, and the dispute over Catalonia's independence movement. Spain is one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, ranking second only to France, thanks to its historical appeal and excellence in tourism.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\na. Spain is a country full of culture<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nb. Spain has some challenges<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nc. Spain is a multicultural country<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n2. MADRID: PLACES TO VISIT IN THE CAPITAL<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_50\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]![\"Prado](\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2025\/04\/image21-300x225.jpeg\")
Image 2.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\nMadrid, in the heart of Spain, is the capital and largest city in the country. Some places you can visit in the capital include the <\/span><\/span>Prado Museum<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , a vast art museum containing some of the greatest works of Spanish art and exhibitions by various painters. Also nearby is the Reina <\/span>Sof\u00eda <\/span><\/strong><\/span>Museum <\/span><\/span><\/strong>, which<\/span><\/strong> displays paintings, sculptures, and other international works.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]![\"Royal](\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2025\/04\/image22-300x200.jpeg\")
Image 3.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\nThe <\/span><\/span>Buen Retiro Park<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the lungs of Madrid and is a place to go to breathe clean air; enjoy nature; walk through the small parks and paths; see the rose collection, the Crystal Palace and the statue of the Fallen Angel; ride a bicycle; and much more.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nSpain has a monarchy, and in Madrid you can visit its enormous <\/span><\/span>Royal Palace<\/span><\/span><\/strong> . The palace has 3,000 rooms, making it the largest royal palace in Western Europe. It houses works of art by great Spanish painters, and you can visit the famous Campo del Moro and Sabatini Gardens, the Royal Armory with its collection of medieval weapons, and the Royal Kitchen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nThe <\/span><\/span>Plaza Mayor<\/span><\/span><\/strong> is a popular meeting place, surrounded by a wide selection of restaurants, cafes, and souvenir shops. A short walk through its streets will lead you to the Puerta del Sol, with its clock tower that marks the seconds until the new year, where hundreds of people gather to welcome in the new year. The Puerta del Sol itself is full of restaurants and shops.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n1. Read the text and decide if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\na. Madrid is the capital and second largest city of Spain. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nb. The Prado National Museum mainly contains works of art of Spanish origin. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nc<\/span><\/span><\/span> . In the Buen Retiro Park you can visit the armory <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nd<\/span><\/span><\/span> . The Sabatini Gardens can be visited in the Buen Retiro Park <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\ne. The Royal Palace of Madrid has 2,000 <\/span><\/span>rooms<\/span><\/span><\/span> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nf. In Spain there was a monarchy, but it ended with the fall of the dictatorship. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\ng. Madrid's Plaza Mayor is surrounded by restaurants, cafes, and souvenir <\/span>shops <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nh<\/span><\/span><\/span> . The bullfight of Spain is held in the Puerta del Sol in Madrid <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n2. Imagine you are going to visit the Prado Museum. Visit its website ( <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.museodelprado.es\/actualidad\/exposiciones<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ) and choose one of the exhibitions that interests you. Look at the website, scrolling through the text and observing the works on display. Select the three works you liked best, indicating the name of the piece, the artist, and why it caught your attention. Write a description and commentary on your favorite piece (describe the colors, tone, emotions, etc.). Print the images and bring them to class to show your classmates what you learned.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n3. Besides the tourist sites we saw, there are many other places to see in Madrid. Choose two places from the list and watch videos online about them. Then, write a summary of what you discovered.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \t- Sorolla Museum<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
- San Miguel Market<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
- Almudena Cathedral<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
- The Gran V\u00eda<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\nGOALS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\nIn this chapter, you will learn about the languages \u200b\u200band cultures of Spain; the city of Madrid; the Altamira cave; the origins of Spanish and the letter \u201c\u00f1\u201d; the cultures of Jews, Muslims (the Alhambra and the mathematical tiles) and Christians on the Iberian Peninsula; Gypsy culture and flamenco; the Spanish Civil War; and Holy Week in Seville.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\nIMPORTANT CONCEPTS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\ndialect, monarchy, tile, inquisition, tilde, tessellations, anthropomorphic, pointed hat, flamenco, gypsies, fascism, <\/span><\/span>Guernica<\/span><\/span><\/em> , cubism<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n3. THE COUNTRY OF SPANISH IS A COUNTRY OF MANY LANGUAGES AND CULTURES<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\nSpain, also known as the Kingdom of Spain because it is the only Hispanic country with a monarchy, is the birthplace of the Spanish language, but also the birthplace of many other languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Basque, Galician, and Catalan, as well as numerous dialects. All these languages \u200b\u200band their dialects are Romance languages, with the exception of Basque, an isolated language whose origin is unknown. In certain parts of Spain, you can find cases of bilingualism due to the presence of these languages.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nSpain is the fourth country with the most Spanish speakers and a country rich in traditions and culture from all the groups that have inhabited it. It is also the fourth largest country in Europe and one of the most mountainous. Originally, different groups inhabited the peninsula, as evidenced, for example, by the ancient cave paintings of Altamira. Other inhabitants included the Phoenicians, who brought with them their knowledge of navigation and the alphabet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\nWith the arrival of the Romans, the peninsula was named Hispania, although they took that name from the Phoenicians, who originally called it \"i-spn-ya.\" There are many theories about the meaning of the word, but no definitive answer. Some have interpreted it as \"land of rabbits,\" \"land of the north,\" or \"land that forges metals.\" In addition to the Romans, Spain was inhabited by Jews with the spread of Christianity and also by Muslims, given its proximity to the African continent. This explains why Spanish has incorporated Arabic words such as \"pantalones\" (trousers), \"az\u00facar\" (sugar), and \"almohada\" (pillow). Immigration from African and Latin American countries has also enriched Spain's gastronomy, economy, and culture. Thanks to immigration, Spain is able to sustain itself economically, especially given the significant decline in birth rates in recent decades. Spain offers a great cultural and linguistic diversity thanks to the people who have enriched it throughout its history.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_52\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]![\"Altamira](\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2025\/04\/image23-300x204.jpeg\")
Image 4.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n1. Search the internet for a definition for:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \t- Dialect<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
- Monarchy<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
2. Search the internet for information about the cave paintings in Altamira and write a short report.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n3. Research the Roman presence in the Iberian Peninsula and create a PowerPoint (PPT) presentation to present in class.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n4. WHERE DOES SPANISH COME FROM?<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\nNext, we're going to learn about the origin of Spanish and the history of the letter \"\u00f1\". Use the links and follow the instructions to complete this section.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\nRead the following article online (read the first two paragraphs) and answer the comprehension questions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_53\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"229\"]![\"Emilian](\"http:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2025\/04\/image24-229x300.jpeg\")
<\/a> Image 5.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\nArticle: <\/span><\/span>EMILIAN GLOSSES<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n1. What do the glosses teach us about that time?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n2. What are the Emilian glosses?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n
a. Spain is a country full of culture<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n b. Spain has some challenges<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n c. Spain is a multicultural country<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Madrid, in the heart of Spain, is the capital and largest city in the country. Some places you can visit in the capital include the <\/span><\/span>Prado Museum<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , a vast art museum containing some of the greatest works of Spanish art and exhibitions by various painters. Also nearby is the Reina <\/span>Sof\u00eda <\/span><\/strong><\/span>Museum <\/span><\/span><\/strong>, which<\/span><\/strong> displays paintings, sculptures, and other international works.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"] The <\/span><\/span>Buen Retiro Park<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the lungs of Madrid and is a place to go to breathe clean air; enjoy nature; walk through the small parks and paths; see the rose collection, the Crystal Palace and the statue of the Fallen Angel; ride a bicycle; and much more.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n Spain has a monarchy, and in Madrid you can visit its enormous <\/span><\/span>Royal Palace<\/span><\/span><\/strong> . The palace has 3,000 rooms, making it the largest royal palace in Western Europe. It houses works of art by great Spanish painters, and you can visit the famous Campo del Moro and Sabatini Gardens, the Royal Armory with its collection of medieval weapons, and the Royal Kitchen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n The <\/span><\/span>Plaza Mayor<\/span><\/span><\/strong> is a popular meeting place, surrounded by a wide selection of restaurants, cafes, and souvenir shops. A short walk through its streets will lead you to the Puerta del Sol, with its clock tower that marks the seconds until the new year, where hundreds of people gather to welcome in the new year. The Puerta del Sol itself is full of restaurants and shops.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n 1. Read the text and decide if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n a. Madrid is the capital and second largest city of Spain. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n b. The Prado National Museum mainly contains works of art of Spanish origin. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n c<\/span><\/span><\/span> . In the Buen Retiro Park you can visit the armory <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n d<\/span><\/span><\/span> . The Sabatini Gardens can be visited in the Buen Retiro Park <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n e. The Royal Palace of Madrid has 2,000 <\/span><\/span>rooms<\/span><\/span><\/span> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n f. In Spain there was a monarchy, but it ended with the fall of the dictatorship. <\/span><\/span>____<\/span><\/span><\/span> _<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n g. Madrid's Plaza Mayor is surrounded by restaurants, cafes, and souvenir <\/span>shops <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n h<\/span><\/span><\/span> . The bullfight of Spain is held in the Puerta del Sol in Madrid <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n 2. Imagine you are going to visit the Prado Museum. Visit its website ( <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.museodelprado.es\/actualidad\/exposiciones<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ) and choose one of the exhibitions that interests you. Look at the website, scrolling through the text and observing the works on display. Select the three works you liked best, indicating the name of the piece, the artist, and why it caught your attention. Write a description and commentary on your favorite piece (describe the colors, tone, emotions, etc.). Print the images and bring them to class to show your classmates what you learned.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n 3. Besides the tourist sites we saw, there are many other places to see in Madrid. Choose two places from the list and watch videos online about them. Then, write a summary of what you discovered.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n GOALS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n In this chapter, you will learn about the languages \u200b\u200band cultures of Spain; the city of Madrid; the Altamira cave; the origins of Spanish and the letter \u201c\u00f1\u201d; the cultures of Jews, Muslims (the Alhambra and the mathematical tiles) and Christians on the Iberian Peninsula; Gypsy culture and flamenco; the Spanish Civil War; and Holy Week in Seville.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n IMPORTANT CONCEPTS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n dialect, monarchy, tile, inquisition, tilde, tessellations, anthropomorphic, pointed hat, flamenco, gypsies, fascism, <\/span><\/span>Guernica<\/span><\/span><\/em> , cubism<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n Spain, also known as the Kingdom of Spain because it is the only Hispanic country with a monarchy, is the birthplace of the Spanish language, but also the birthplace of many other languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Basque, Galician, and Catalan, as well as numerous dialects. All these languages \u200b\u200band their dialects are Romance languages, with the exception of Basque, an isolated language whose origin is unknown. In certain parts of Spain, you can find cases of bilingualism due to the presence of these languages.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n Spain is the fourth country with the most Spanish speakers and a country rich in traditions and culture from all the groups that have inhabited it. It is also the fourth largest country in Europe and one of the most mountainous. Originally, different groups inhabited the peninsula, as evidenced, for example, by the ancient cave paintings of Altamira. Other inhabitants included the Phoenicians, who brought with them their knowledge of navigation and the alphabet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n With the arrival of the Romans, the peninsula was named Hispania, although they took that name from the Phoenicians, who originally called it \"i-spn-ya.\" There are many theories about the meaning of the word, but no definitive answer. Some have interpreted it as \"land of rabbits,\" \"land of the north,\" or \"land that forges metals.\" In addition to the Romans, Spain was inhabited by Jews with the spread of Christianity and also by Muslims, given its proximity to the African continent. This explains why Spanish has incorporated Arabic words such as \"pantalones\" (trousers), \"az\u00facar\" (sugar), and \"almohada\" (pillow). Immigration from African and Latin American countries has also enriched Spain's gastronomy, economy, and culture. Thanks to immigration, Spain is able to sustain itself economically, especially given the significant decline in birth rates in recent decades. Spain offers a great cultural and linguistic diversity thanks to the people who have enriched it throughout its history.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n 1. Search the internet for a definition for:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n 2. Search the internet for information about the cave paintings in Altamira and write a short report.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n 3. Research the Roman presence in the Iberian Peninsula and create a PowerPoint (PPT) presentation to present in class.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n Next, we're going to learn about the origin of Spanish and the history of the letter \"\u00f1\". Use the links and follow the instructions to complete this section.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n Read the following article online (read the first two paragraphs) and answer the comprehension questions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_53\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"229\"] Article: <\/span><\/span>EMILIAN GLOSSES<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n 1. What do the glosses teach us about that time?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n 2. What are the Emilian glosses?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n2. MADRID: PLACES TO VISIT IN THE CAPITAL<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_50\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]
Image 2.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n Image 3.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \t
3. THE COUNTRY OF SPANISH IS A COUNTRY OF MANY LANGUAGES AND CULTURES<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n
Image 4.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \t
4. WHERE DOES SPANISH COME FROM?<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n
<\/a> Image 5.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n