{"id":408,"date":"2025-04-24T19:36:50","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T19:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/?post_type=chapter&p=408"},"modified":"2026-06-03T17:09:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T17:09:27","slug":"estados-unidos","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/culturaycivilizaciondelospaiseshispanos\/chapter\/estados-unidos\/","title":{"raw":"CAP\u00cdTULO 3 - HISPANOS EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS","rendered":"CAP\u00cdTULO 3 – HISPANOS EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_66\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"750\"]\"A Image 1.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

1. INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n1. Locate the U.S. places with the largest Hispanic population on the map: New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Puerto Rico, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, San Francisco, Phoenix, and San Antonio.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n2. Read the sentences below and look up the meanings of the words in the box. Then, watch the video \u201cSe habla USA: Brandon Lanners\u201d on Univision ( <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.univision.com\/local\/san-antonio-kwex\/se-habla-usa-brandon-lanners<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ). Complete the activity with the vocabulary and answer the last question. Performed \/ Anglo-Saxons \/ Finds it easier \/ Appreciates \/ Language \/ Originally from \/ Show \/ Exchange a. Brandon Lanners is <\/span><\/span>__________________<\/span><\/span><\/span> _ Chicago, IL, and his parents are <\/span><\/span>__________________<\/span><\/span><\/span> _.<\/span><\/span>\r\n

b. Brandon took a year to do an academic <\/span><\/span>exchange<\/span><\/span><\/span> in Quito, Ecuador. He discovered that being bilingual would open many doors for him. At his job, everything was in Spanish. <\/span><\/span>\r\nc. He <\/span><\/span>became<\/span><\/span><\/span> the head of the Exchange Program at the University of Texas at San Antonio. <\/span><\/span>\r\nd. His wife, Azucena <\/span><\/span>, said<\/span><\/span><\/span> that he learned <\/span><\/span>Spanish<\/span><\/span><\/span> because of his culture and his family. <\/span><\/span>\r\ne. She <\/span><\/span>wants<\/span><\/span><\/span> her children to speak Spanish and learn about the culture. It is important for them that they speak both English and Spanish because of the culture and the opportunities. <\/span><\/span>\r\nf. They tell <\/span><\/span>their<\/span><\/span><\/span> children about movies, books, friends, Mexico, and job opportunities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n3. Do you consider your story similar to Brandon's? What do you have in common with his story? What is different?<\/span><\/span>\r\n

2. HISPANIC PLACES TO VISIT IN THE U.S.<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]\"Aerial Image 2.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_68\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"450\"]\"A Image 3.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

In the U.S., there is no federally official language, but English and Spanish are the most widely spoken. In North America, besides Mexico, you can visit places with Hispanic heritage such as California, Texas, New York, Florida, and Chicago. The largest Hispanic population is of Mexican origin, with 35 million people according to the 2020 census, and the city with the largest Hispanic population is Los Angeles. Hispanics in the U.S. contributed $3.2 trillion to the American GDP; if they were a country, they would rank 5th in the world economy. The quintessential Hispanic destination is the territory and island of <\/span><\/span>Puerto Rico<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , where Spanish is the official language. In Puerto Rico, you'll find <\/span><\/span>El Yunque National Forest<\/span><\/span><\/strong> ; full of lush vegetation and tropical wildlife, it's an ideal place for hiking and appreciating the island's unique natural beauty. In San Juan, you can visit <\/span><\/span>Old San Juan<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , where you can see Castillo San Felipe del Morro, the original entrance to the city, the basilica, and its colonial streets. In <\/span><\/span>Florida<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , you must visit <\/span><\/span>St. Augustine<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , the oldest Spanish city in the United States. The city is steeped in history and has been under the rule of various governments, including Spanish, British, and American. In St. Augustine, you can stroll through its colonial streets and see the Castillo de San Marcos, a prime example of Spanish military architecture. Also in Florida, you can visit <\/span><\/span>Miami<\/span><\/span><\/strong> and explore <\/span><\/span>Calle Ocho<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , a vibrant hub of Hispanic heritage with restaurants, shops, and traditions from numerous Latin American countries such as Cuba, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and others. The United States celebrates <\/span><\/span>National Hispanic Heritage Month<\/span><\/span><\/strong> with parades, special events, talks, decorations, and food at schools, universities, and cities across the country. This celebration takes place from September 15 to October 15 (the independence days of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) and pays tribute to the culture and legacy of influential Hispanics and workers who have contributed to the building of the United States. In <\/span><\/span>New York<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , <\/span><\/span>the Hispanic Society of America <\/span><\/span><\/strong>is <\/span><\/span><\/strong>a<\/span><\/span><\/strong> must-see for its high-quality museum and its mission to share the art of Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries. The <\/span>Hispanic <\/span><\/strong><\/span>Society<\/span><\/span><\/strong> offers opportunities to conduct research using its library and museum collections, as well as its prints and photographs. It also offers lectures, concerts, and educational programs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\r\n

ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\n1. Interview a classmate using the following questions.<\/span><\/span>\r\n

a. What places can you visit in Puerto Rico? Which ones would you like to see? What else would you like to explore on the island? <\/span><\/span>\r\nb. How important are the places you can visit in Florida? Which one caught your attention the most? <\/span><\/span>\r\nc. What happens during Hispanic Heritage Month? When is it?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n2. Visit the Hispanic Society Museum & Library website ( <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/hispanicsociety.org\/es\/collection\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ) and choose a collection to explore. Write down your impressions, select your favorite works, and explain why. You can present this in class or create a report.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

GOALS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n

In this chapter, you will learn about the cities with the most Hispanics in the U.S. and bilingualism, the Hispanic presence and the reasons why Hispanics come to the U.S., undocumented immigrants and corridos, Puerto Rico and Hispanic Heritage Month.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n

immigrant, exile, refugee, Camino Real, La Bestia, legalization, Hispanic Heritage Month, narcocorrido, undocumented immigrant, border<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

3. SPANISH AND HISPANICS IN THE U.S.<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Listen to the following podcast to learn about Spanish in the U.S. and answer the questions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Google: Spanish in the United States: Speak Spanish in New York<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Link: <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/25-el-espa\u00f1ol-en-los-estados-unidos-habla-espa\u00f1ol-en\/id1381229799?i=1000437150924<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n \t
  1. What percentage identifies as Latino?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  2. Where does the U.S. rank in the list of countries that speak the most Spanish?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Where is Spanish present in New York?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  4. How has Spain contributed to the strengthening of Spanish in the USA?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  5. What are the origins of the Spanish language in the U.S.?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  6. What are the reasons for immigration?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  7. How many groups of Hispanic origin are mentioned? Which ones are they?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
  8. YOUR <\/span><\/span><\/strong>TURN <\/span><\/span><\/strong>!<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Create a podcast about your perception of Spanish in your community and in the U.S. Explain why you decided to learn Spanish and if you have traveled to a Hispanic country, explain what that experience was like or if you would like to visit one.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_69\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Spanish Image 4.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

    4. THE VISIT OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES IN NORTH AMERICAN TERRITORY<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n

    In its origins, the United States was inhabited by Native Americans who possessed their own distinct cultures, languages, and histories. Today, the percentage of these peoples is very small compared to the past, an unfortunate loss resulting from colonization. Native Americans were dispersed by British and French colonists across much of what is now the United States. Spain also played a role in this colonization, particularly in the southern United States, through the founding of cities, the influence of Spanish, and its historical legacy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    THE CALIFORNIA MISSIONS<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_70\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"500\"]\"El Image 5.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

    Spain began the conquest of the Americas with the aim of obtaining gold, precious stones, and territories, and to undertake the vast task of evangelizing the indigenous peoples throughout North and South America. Soon, it encountered fierce rivals, leading to the loss of North American territories. Most of the Spanish territories were established in what is now Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. In these territories, Christian missions were established to teach the native peoples the Christian religion and create settlements of European character. In California, Father Jun\u00edpero Serra established El Camino Real as a strategy to expand the missions while maintaining proximity and connections between the communities. El Camino Real comprises 21 missions; the northernmost mission is San Francisco Solano, and the southernmost is San Diego de Alcal\u00e1. Along the route, all the towns bear Spanish and religious names to reinforce the Spanish presence and religion. Each mission was located approximately one day's ride from the next. Today, the names are preserved with such famous cities as San Francisco, San Diego, Los Angeles, Sacramento, and so on.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    IMMIGRATION TODAY<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

    According to the 2020 census, nearly 19% of the population in the United States is of Hispanic origin, totaling 62.1 million. These numbers are significant, especially because this young population will play a crucial role in the future workforce. Other states with a strong Hispanic presence include New York. For example, the Washington Heights neighborhood inspired Lin-Manuel Miranda to create the musical <\/span><\/span>In the <\/span><\/span><\/em>Eights . Chicago also has a strong Hispanic influence, particularly from Mexico, which can be seen in neighborhoods, shops <\/span><\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span><\/em> and cultural activities at museums.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    The United States receives thousands of immigrants from around the world every day. Among these countries, China, India, and Mexico are the most prominent. Hispanics from all over the world also arrive from other Hispanic countries, although some groups are more prevalent than others who have come to the United States for political and economic reasons. Mexico is the country with the highest emigration rate due to its shared history with the U.S. and its demographic proximity. El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Venezuela have also experienced massive emigration due to political reasons and economic and security crises. When a person leaves one country to seek a better life in another, they are considered an immigrant. However, refugees leave their country due to fear, insecurity, and extreme violence, seeking safety and a better life elsewhere. Refugees often travel with family or in groups, but sometimes they also travel alone, and in some cases, they are minors. Cubans cross the Caribbean to reach Florida; they leave their country to oppose the restrictions imposed by the communist dictatorship. Cubans are exiles because they have left their country and do not know if they will ever be able to return. By opposing the current government, there is no guarantee they can return to their country unless something changes within its government. Other highly skilled groups come to the United States to study and to fill labor demands in other sectors. Still other immigrants cross into the U.S. via the train known as La Bestia, by walking through the desert, or by crossing the river, among other methods. Sadly, many of them are killed, injured, maimed, scammed, raped, or trafficked on that journey.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    In cities like Los Angeles, the Hispanic influence is evident in the food, architecture, history, the Spanish language, murals, and much more. Although the Hispanic and biracial population has increased in recent years in Los Angeles, this is still not reflected in the Hollywood entertainment industry, which continues to primarily represent Anglo-Saxon actors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    AFTER READING<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

    Select the word that best completes the sentence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

      \r\n \t
    1. A <\/span><\/span>refugee \u2013 immigrant \u2013 exile<\/span><\/span><\/strong> leaves his country and for political reasons does not know when he will return to his country.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    2. The Spanish \u2013 royal \u2013 military<\/span><\/span><\/strong> road <\/span>connects several cities in the state of California.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    3. The route contains <\/span><\/span>10 \u2013 21 \u2013 30<\/span><\/span><\/strong> cities connected by a one-day horseback ride.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    4. Most <\/span><\/span>Cuban-Mexican-Chinese<\/span><\/span><\/strong> exiles do not know when they will be able to return to their country.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    5. Native <\/span><\/span>English, French, and American<\/span><\/span><\/strong> peoples occupied North American territory before colonization.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    6. The <\/span><\/span>Spanish-English-Mexican<\/span><\/span><\/strong> colonization occurred in the southern United States.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n \r\n
      \r\n

      ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

      \r\n

      To expand on what you've learned, continue searching for more information online. Don't forget to cite the resources and websites you used, and never use personal websites like blogs as references.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      1. Search the internet for the route of the Camino Real and write down the original names of all the missions and their current names.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      2. Has there been controversy surrounding Fray Jun\u00edpero Serra? Research and explain.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      3. Research St. Augustine, Florida (the oldest city in the U.S.) online and create a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) to present in class. Briefly explain its history, highlight its most historically significant landmarks, and discuss the Hispanic presence in the city.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      4. Read the text below and look up any unfamiliar words in a dictionary. Then, watch the following video about The Beast and fill in the blanks with the words in the box to complete the video summary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      YouTube: Young immigrant left mutilated by \u201cthe death train\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Link: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f855t_vz3PQ<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n[embed] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f855t_vz3PQ [\/embed]\r\n

      I felt like <\/span><\/span>\r\na chill, <\/span><\/span>\r\noverpopulated <\/span><\/span>\r\n, coma, <\/span><\/span>\r\nwheel <\/span><\/span>\r\n, mutilated <\/span><\/span>\r\n, face, roof, <\/span><\/span>\r\nrescue, return <\/span><\/span>\r\n, dissatisfied, <\/span><\/span>\r\nsurgeries<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Andr\u00e9s Castro left Honduras <\/span><\/span>with<\/span><\/span><\/span> the life he had. Along with a group of friends, 28-year-old Andr\u00e9s was ready to <\/span><\/span>take<\/span><\/span><\/span> on the challenge. Andr\u00e9s was more afraid of La Bestia (The Beast) than of deportation. This would be his first trip. At one point during the journey, Andr\u00e9s had two options: <\/span><\/span>escape<\/span><\/span><\/span> or continue on his way; his fate was sealed. So he boarded the train. A week later, the events were reported in the Mexican news when a <\/span><\/span>jolt<\/span><\/span><\/span> from the heavy machine severed his leg in two in a very serious accident. Civil protection paramedics transported Andr\u00e9s to the regional hospital where he was <\/span><\/span>hospitalized<\/span><\/span><\/span> and in critical condition. Andr\u00e9s had to undergo several <\/span><\/span>surgeries<\/span><\/span><\/span> to save his life. His injuries did not stop the deportation; they accelerated it. Back in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, the Rivas Hospital is overcrowded, the hospital lacks ventilation, <\/span><\/span>and<\/span><\/span><\/span> only one elevator is working. Andr\u00e9s has little left of his right leg and misses his left heel. When he had the accident, he felt an <\/span><\/span>icy<\/span><\/span><\/span> chill run through his body, and his first thought was of his family. His sister was deeply saddened by what had happened to Andr\u00e9s. At least he has a <\/span><\/span>bed<\/span><\/span><\/span> in the hospital , and his family is sleeping in the hallways, but they don't know where they will go when he is discharged. His friend Eric was very worried about him, and when they talk on the phone, Andr\u00e9s congratulates him because Eric can now help his family. Andr\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>thought<\/span><\/span><\/span> he was going to die at first, but he realized he was alive and is happy for his sister, for the <\/span><\/span>care<\/span><\/span><\/span> of the doctors in Mexico, and for his mother. According to the report, approximately 713 Hondurans and more than 1,500 from other countries are <\/span><\/span>injured<\/span><\/span><\/span> in accidents involving La Bestia (The Beast).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      5. THE UNWELFARE INDIVIDUALS AND THE MUSICAL BALLADS<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n

      Those who attempt to cross the border illegally by swimming across the Rio Grande are called \"wetbacks.\" It's a controversial term because it carries a certain connotation of shame and humiliation, but it also represents a unique experience on the journey to the American dream. Unfortunately, many don't make it across and drown. This term can only be used among themselves, and even then, it remains controversial depending on the generation. Ultimately, it would be inappropriate to refer to someone as a \"wetback\" without having had that experience or without being Latino.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      However, the term exists, and so does the perilous experience of crossing the Rio Grande. There are several songs that address the experience of the \"wetbacks.\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      \r\n

      ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

      \r\n\r\n1. Look up the meaning of the underlined words. Use <\/span><\/span>wordreference.com<\/span><\/span><\/span> because some words have multiple meanings.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n2. Next, listen to Ricardo Arjona's song, \"Mojado,\" on YouTube. After listening, write an interpretation for each verse in the box on the right or in your notebook. Discuss the metaphors in the lyrics and the feelings they express.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n[embed] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fjdmaxDMeUI [\/embed]\r\n

      \"Wet\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      He packed<\/span><\/span><\/strong> a couple of shirts, a hat<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      His adventurous spirit<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Six <\/span><\/span>tips<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , seven photos, a thousand memories<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      She packed up her desire to stay<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Its condition of transforming<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      In the man who dreamed and has not <\/span><\/span>achieved<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      He said goodbye with a <\/span><\/span>grimace disguised<\/span><\/span><\/strong> as a smile.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      And he <\/span><\/span>begged<\/span><\/span><\/strong> his crucified God on the <\/span><\/span>shelf<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      The <\/span><\/span>protection<\/span><\/span><\/strong> of their own<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      And <\/span><\/span>he breached<\/span><\/span><\/strong> the <\/span><\/span>border<\/span><\/span><\/strong> as best he could<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      CHOIR<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      If the gentle moon <\/span><\/span>slips<\/span><\/span><\/strong> along any <\/span><\/span>ledge<\/span><\/span><\/strong> without permission<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Why does the undocumented immigrant need to prove with visas that he's not from Neptune?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      The wet one wants to dry off<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      The wet one is wet from the tears that nostalgia brings forth.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      The wetback, the undocumented<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      He carries the <\/span><\/span>load<\/span><\/span><\/strong> that the legal person wouldn't carry even if forced.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      The <\/span><\/span>torment<\/span><\/span><\/strong> of a piece of paper has turned him into a fugitive<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      And he's not from here because his name doesn't appear in the records.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      He's not from there because he left<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Wet, your truth tastes like a lie<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Anxiety tastes like sadness<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      From seeing a freeway and dreaming<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      With the <\/span><\/span>path<\/span><\/span><\/strong> that leads to your house<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      Wet, wet from crying so much, knowing that somewhere<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      A kiss awaits you, paused since the day <\/span><\/span>you left.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      If the universal visa is issued on the day we are born<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      And <\/span><\/span>it expires<\/span><\/span><\/strong> in death, why are they chasing you, wetback?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

      If the consul of the skies has already given you permission.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      MUSICAL CORRIDOS<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_71\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]\"A Image 6.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

      Musical corridos are a type of Mexican folk music that celebrates the epic deeds of a real or mythical figure. The corrido originated in the early 19th century and became very popular during the Mexican Revolution. It began to evolve, narrating and paying tribute to undocumented immigrants crossing the border. These songs tell the stories of immigrants and their daily struggles on these perilous journeys. They speak of families, legalization, death, hunger, fear, and so on. There is another type of corrido called a \"narcocorrido,\" which is characterized by telling stories related to drug trafficking. These corridos have been criticized for depicting violent and illegal activities, and they are banned in some places. Even so, they are quite popular, and numerous songs exist. Los Tigres del Norte is a well-known Mexican band famous for their corridos; their songs touch on the deep emotions of those who have crossed the border, left their families, and suffered along the way.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      \r\n

      ACTIVITIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

      \r\n

      Listen to corridos by Los Tigres del Norte on YouTube. Choose the song that most caught your attention and write a reflection on its lyrics. (You can use the text above to help you understand the lyrics.) Explain the story of the song, who the main characters were, what emotions you find in the story, and how the song begins and ends. Share your impressions with your classmates.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      THE STORY OF RODRIGO BA\u00d1UELOS: A HISPANIC MATHEMATICIAN IN THE U.S.<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

      Next, you will learn about Rodrigo Ba\u00f1uelos' story through the following article. Follow the instructions below to complete the activities and learn about this remarkable scholar and professor at Purdue University.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n1. Visit the following link: <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.math.purdue.edu\/~banuelos\/Papers\/laopinion.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> . Read the article carefully and decide whether these statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.<\/span><\/span>\r\n

      a. There are many Latin American mathematicians in the U.S. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>b. He is an expert in logic and physics. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>c. Ba\u00f1uelos received the Blackwell-Tapia Prize at UCLA. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>d. Ba\u00f1uelos came to the U.S. at age 15 and could read in both English and Spanish. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>e. He graduated with no difficulty in English. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>f. Juan Lara was an essential mentor in his life. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>g. Latinos receive many opportunities to excel in the sciences. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>h. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Florida. <\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span>i. Pure mathematics deals more with ideas than with applications.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n2. If you had the opportunity to help others succeed, what would you do? Think about Ba\u00f1uelos' story since arriving in the United States. How can you get involved to meet Hispanics in your community? Brainstorm and discuss original opportunities and initiatives with your classmates.<\/span><\/span>\r\n

      6. COMPOSITION<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n

      After learning about immigration in the United States, write a reflective essay on Andr\u00e9s Castro's story and the stories of immigrants and refugees, as well as the culture surrounding immigration. Think of a title and a topic for your essay. Reflect on what circumstances might cause someone to take such a great risk as Andr\u00e9s did, and what life is like in the United States for a refugee or undocumented immigrant like Rodrigo Ba\u00f1uelos. Discuss the risks and repercussions of the \"American Dream\" and the social responsibility of communities, families, and governments to help disadvantaged immigrants and strengthen their skills.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_72\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"240\"]\"Justice Image 7.<\/span><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n

      Write approximately 400 words. To make your writing professional:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n