{"id":5,"date":"2021-10-20T18:54:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T18:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/?p=5"},"modified":"2025-12-29T20:29:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T20:29:57","slug":"soy-yo","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/chapter\/soy-yo\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a1Soy yo!","rendered":"\u00a1Soy yo!"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Communicative goals<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Greet, meet, and introduce individuals and say good-bye.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Exchange basic personal information.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cultural goals<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Learn appropriate behavior when meeting someone from a different culture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how people from different Hispanic cultures greet one another and the courtesy expressions expected on a day-to-day basis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Begin to form cultural sensitivity that will transform into cultural competence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"import-ah\"><a id=\"I\"><\/a>I. <span style=\"color: #0f7d99;\"><span class=\"import-ccust1\">Tira<\/span> <span class=\"import-ccust1\">c\u00f3mica<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-pf\">In this <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em class=\"import-i\">tira<\/em> <em class=\"import-i\">c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span>, you will meet Ana and follow her as she greets and meets friends and acquaintances at home and on her university campus.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-fig\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image1.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: A girl with a pink shirt and a pink flower in her short brown hair says, &quot;\u00a1Hola! Me llamo Ana. Soy una chica de Indianapolis. Soy una estudiante en la universidad Marian.&quot; Panel 2: Ana waves to a gray-haired woman on the sidewalk with her dog and says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas, Se\u00f1ora Martinez. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted?&quot; Panel 3: Se\u00f1ora Martinez says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas, Ana. Estoy bien, gracias. Saludos a tu mam\u00e1.&quot; Panel 4: Ana waves good-bye as a red car pulls up. &quot;\u00a1Hasta luego! Buen d\u00eda.&quot; Senora Martinez replies off-panel, &quot;Igualmente. \u00a1Adios!&quot; Panel 5: A red car drives on the road past a stone sign that reads, &quot;Marian.&quot; Panel 6: Ana is standing on the grass talking to a taller boy with a yellow shirt and black hair. &quot;\u00a1Hola, Carlos! \u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e1l? \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?&quot; Carlos replies, &quot;\u00a1Hola, Ana! Gusto en verte. Todo bien. \u00bfY t\u00fa?&quot; \" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-fig\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image2.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 7: Carlos gives Ana a kiss on the cheek in greeting. Panel 8: Ana says, &quot;Estoy muy bien.&quot; Panel 9: A girl in a white shirt with black hair dyed teal at the bottom waves to Carlos from the sidewalk. &quot;\u00a1Hola, Carlos!&quot; Panel 10: Carlos gestures to the girl in white. &quot;Ana, te presento a Jennifer. Ella es una buena amiga.&quot; Panel 11: Jennifer smiles. Off-panel, Ana says, &quot;Mucho gusto.&quot; Panel 12: Jennifer says, &quot;Igualmente. \u00bfde d\u00f3nde eres, Ana?&quot; Ana responds with, &quot;Soy de Indian\u00e1polis, \u00bfy t\u00fa?&quot; Jennifer says, &quot;Soy de Puerto Rico.&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-fig\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image3.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 13: A closeup of Ana's purple analog watch. It reads 12:53. Panel 14: Ana says, &quot;Tengo clase de matem\u00e1ticas ahora. Hasta luego.&quot; Carlos says, &quot;Adi\u00f3s. Nos vemos despu\u00e9s.&quot; Jennifer says, &quot;S\u00ed, chau. Nos vemos.&quot; Panel 15: In math class, Ana talks to a boy with brown hair and a blue shirt. She says, &quot;Hola, \u00bfqu\u00e9 t\u00e1l? Me llamo Ana, y t\u00fa, c\u00f3mo te llamas?&quot; Panel 16: The boy in the blue shirt says, &quot;Mi nombre es Pablo. Encantado.&quot; Ana says, &quot;Igualmente. Un placer conocerte.&quot; Panel 17: The math teacher stands in front of the whiteboard with 'Garc\u00eda' written on it. She has brown hair and a purple shirt.She says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas a todos. Esta es la clase de matem\u00e1ticas 101. Yo soy la Dra. Garc\u00eda y soy su profesora. Es un placer tenerlos en clase. Panel 18: Pablo and Ana sit next to each other at a desk. From off-panel, Dra. Garc\u00eda says, &quot;Por favor, abran sus libros...&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.1 Preguntas de comprensi\u00f3n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span class=\"import-exhn\">\u00bfCierto o falso? Select whether each statement is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> (true) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span> (false).<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span class=\"import-exhn\">[h5p id=\"106\"]\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"II\"><\/a>II. <span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? La cortes\u00eda en el mundo hispano<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2>La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.2. La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"7\"]\r\n\r\n3. What do you notice about the number of salutations (greetings) and goodbyes? Do they seem short or long in comparison to what you are used to?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-233 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160-212x300.png\" alt=\"Panel 7 from the tira c\u00f3mica at the beginning of the chapter: Carlos gives Ana a kiss on the cheek in greeting.\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\nProper greetings and good-byes are extremely important in the cultures of the Hispanic world. While it\u2019s not necessary to greet every stranger on, say, a crowded city bus, in private and semiprivate spaces, it is a social norm to greet those you see, even if you are not closely acquainted. Notice how Ana takes the time to greet her neighbor as she leaves her house as well as to introduce herself to her classmate as she sits down. Particularly (but not exclusively) in Latin America, politeness and courtesy are highly valued, and the way you greet (or don\u2019t) greet) someone will likely be an important step in getting your relationship off on the right foot! Greetings do not have to be complicated; many times a simple <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hola<\/em><\/span> (hello) or <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">buenos d\u00edas<\/span><\/em> (good morning) is enough. The objective is to acknowledge people around you or near you, as this is a sign of respect.\r\n\r\nThe same is true for closing a conversation or leaving a private or semiprivate space. It is just as important to say good-bye as it is to say hello to demonstrate respect and courtesy to the individuals in your environment. Following that same idea, Spanish speakers often layer good-byes, using multiple phrases to let their conversational partner know that they will be leaving. Sometimes the conversation continues on for several minutes after the initial good-bye!\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.3. Los saludos y las despedidas: Comprehension check<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nConsider the following environments and decide whether you should greet \/ say good-bye to the individuals present or that you encounter in each one. Answer <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>s\u00ed<\/em><\/span> if you should and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> if you should not.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"8\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>\u00bfFormal o informal? El uso de <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.4 El uso de t\u00fa y usted<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"9\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: El uso de <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\nJust like in English, Spanish has both formal and informal registers, or forms of address. In English, those differences are evident in the words one chooses to use to greet and address someone. Whereas you might nod and say \u201cWhat\u2019s up, man?\u201d to your close friend, you would likely choose a more formal expression and form of address when speaking to your professor or the university president (perhaps \u201cGood morning, Dr. S\u00e1nchez\u201d). Spanish has those same differences, plus distinct personal pronouns and verb forms for a formal \u201cyou\u201d (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span>) and an informal \u201cyou\u201d (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>).\r\n\r\nThe use of formal and informal registers varies according to national culture in the Hispanic world. Whereas the majority, if not all, of the countries use the formal register in a professional environment, there are slight variations in its use in informal social settings. Some countries like Mexico, Honduras, and Costa Rica use the formal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span>) to address older family members as a sign of respect. In Spain the informal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>) is commonly used with all family members and friends. Countries like El Salvador, Honduras, and Argentina use a different pronoun, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span>, instead of <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> to address someone informally. A good rule to follow is to address people older than you and people you do not know using a formal register and people your own age or younger with an informal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>), with the exception of professional situations. If you are unsure, you can always just ask how the person prefers to be addressed.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider different types of situations and determine the type of register that you would need to use.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.5 Conexi\u00f3n personal: El uso de t\u00fa y usted<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n1. Consider the following relationships and decide whether you would use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> to address that person:\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"10\"]\r\n\r\n2. What other ways do you show formality or informality in greetings and goodbyes? Do you think they would still appy in Spanish?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Los besos<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">Actividad 1.6. Los besos<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"11\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Los besos<\/h2>\r\nIn Spanish-speaking cultures, it is very common to meet, greet, and often say good-bye to family members, peers, and new friends of similar social standing with a kiss on the cheek (or one on each cheek!). Depending on the level of familiarity and closeness between the two people, it can be an actual kiss or more of a gesture of a kiss, in which two people lean in and touch cheeks.\r\n\r\nThere is quite a lot of variation depending on national culture. In Spain, Paraguay, and sometimes Venezuela, you give and receive a kiss on each cheek. However, in many Latin American countries like Mexico, Costa Rica, Chile, Colombia, and Guatemala, it is common to give one kiss on the right cheek. Gender also plays an important role in the type of greeting given. It is customary for two women or a man and a woman to greet with a kiss or two, depending on the local culture. However, between two men, the kiss is generally substituted for a warm handshake or hug. Argentina and Uruguay are exceptions, since in these countries, the kiss on the cheek between two men is a frequent occurrence. Furthermore, it is important to consider the type of situation in which the greeting takes place. In most informal social situations, a kiss on the cheek (or two) is appropriate and expected. In a business relationship or other formal situation, it is more appropriate to extend your hand. This is also the case in a transactional interaction such as shopping or other service-industry encounters, where these forms of physical touch are abnormal and would likely be viewed as inappropriately intimate. Lastly, when engaging in one or two cheek kisses for greetings, meetings, and good-byes, there is a specific protocol to follow. Namely, you always move to the left of the person you are greeting and put your right cheek on their right cheek.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.7. Conexi\u00f3n personal: Los besos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"12\"]\r\n\r\n5. Consider what physical gestures you make when greeting a friend or relative. Does this differ from how you would greet or meet someone in a more formal setting? Is your custom different whether you are first meeting someone versus greeting someone you have already met? How do these customs compare to what you see Ana doing?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.8. Reflexiones culturales<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Consider the cultural perspective behind the following practices, and identify them as part of your own cultural practice, Hispanic cultures, or both. What ideas, concepts or values are behind each of these practices?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Practice<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Cultures? (Choose \u201cmy culture,\u201d \u201cHispanic cultures,\u201d \u201cboth,\u201d or \u201cnone\u201d)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Perspectives (What ideas, concepts or values underlie this practice?)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Entering a classroom quietly and sitting down without addressing those around you.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Taking time to greet everyone present when you enter your own or someone else\u2019s home.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Continuing the conversation for another minute or several minutes after the initial goodbye.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Physical greetings among friends, including kissing and hugging.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Physical greetings among new acquaintances, including handshakes, hugs, and\/or cheek kisses.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Making sure to maintain some physical distance when speaking with someone, particularly in public spaces or with acquaintances.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Carefully selecting the words used to speak with someone in a position of authority or held in esteem.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n2. What key similarities and differences do you notice between the way you greet and say goodbye to individuals in your culture(s) and greetings and goodbyes in Hispanic cultures?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">3. What might be some common mistakes made by an American English speaker when it comes to greeting and goodbyes? What specific things would you advise that person to do to make sure that they are polite?<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"III\"><\/a>III. <span style=\"color: #333399;\">Ampliaci\u00f3n: La diversidad hispana\r\n<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.9. Estereotipos en el mundo hispano<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIdentify some stereotypes you have heard and seen about the language(s) spoken in the Hispanic world.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.10. Diversidad en el mundo hispano<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow, read the article \u201cEmbracing the Diversity of Spanish\u201d about the linguistic diversity in the Spanish-speaking world and answer the questions:\r\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.deepgram.com\/embracing-the-diversity-of-spanish\/\">https:\/\/blog.deepgram.com\/embracing-the-diversity-of-spanish\/<\/a>.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"27\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.11. Who is \u201cHispanic\u201d?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow that we have established the linguistic diversity of Spanish and Spanish-speaking cultures across the globe, it\u2019s time to explore the ethnic diversity of the Spanish-speaking world. One way to do this is to look at the census category \u201cHispanic\u201d in the United States.\r\n\r\nRead the article \u201cWho Is Hispanic?\u201d published by the Pew Research Center and answer the questions below:\r\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2022\/09\/15\/who-is-hispanic\/\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2022\/09\/15\/who-is-hispanic\/<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"28\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.12. Confronting stereotypes<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow, write at least three things that you learned from the articles and that may help you confront and dispel stereotypes about Spanish speakers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"IV\"><\/a>IV. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Vocabulario<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 255px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Greetings and good-byes (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Greetings and good-byes (English)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-d60i3VLCGKOCmCIpHmhKklKu37cOw1l\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00a1Hola!<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Hi!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pXzJeNpLU_z2qA9IbgNX_f39Bch0g9yU\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenos d\u00edas.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good morning.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Vzt6H4-F1PDOGBdhEap8UcW3d-yFb4U1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenas tardes.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good afternoon.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/133Xj5qQ1VIm31AXu_YYyzFl_31w93sVu\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenas noches.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good evening.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16em8eSsDHRCP5Qjwsi9VWvXIFoXpwQLR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hasta luego.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">See you later.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K3WBsciv8uZXDIyZMb9DJNgUQPlTM18h\/view?usp=drive_link\">Adi\u00f3s.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good-bye.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QEtUKD1P-K45fp4TfqWYioG6C2YZpota\/view?usp=drive_link\">Chau.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Bye.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-4uVSXGMzo6zpkcNIXTr7RoKyjJPssPX\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buen d\u00eda.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Have a good one.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1s-KIQ0W8cR9NFkKXtJTqeJlVUNw_0qlh\/view?usp=drive_link\">Nos vemos (despu\u00e9s).<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">See you (after).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Qg-tX5LEs107cpS85Pk4w4f2v5rMZsk9\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 tal?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How's it going?\/What's up?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TEmVv9CP296uGv1t_IXHJDdctfuzXmC7\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s t\u00fa<\/a> (informal)?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How are you (informal)?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1S2nC4epkBiyviF4mgSXtHV7Dt1rFphbk\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted<\/a> (formal)?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How are you (formal)?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TyyDJ6eA6rOJBgJ7LXFWYNhu_x0pWLFy\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo va todo?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How's everything?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1k0VID9o00TjyRFtHchLffMrB37FHxvWr\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfY t\u00fa?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">And you?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1y2tQXkjGEGnJZO_l17EgsFQMSOREaO2z\/view?usp=drive_link\">Todo bien.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Everything's fine.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fOjDB8XIr9kPM_-CuxISP7Cj_VmTY-Ij\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy muy bien.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">I'm very well.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 180px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Courtesy expressions (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Courtesy expressions (English)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-7mOGTddlI-P0ddHXI-MSCYbW0TMmtdN\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mucho gusto.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wjcM9IRwMNn0RB3qLw9z72VoMSIi1n5M\/view?usp=drive_link\">Un placer conocerte.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Pleasure (to meet you).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1f_Krr16WmYDOAUXlyC9NCfq8HyO4iW0z\/view?usp=drive_link\">Encantado<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RZe6DxBuU9BW0C6ZVg7l3EIr4-VTbQCc\/view?usp=drive_link\">a.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYYgzzCMaNvrVIrOxZFHrEG0xdKCLLJf\/view?usp=drive_link\">Gusto en verte.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to see you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kbhXNUVTGN_tgYpjHoK4S2vCKw4nUsEZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Igualmente.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Likewise.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1mSb1BrRMb-qupLcoviuEpUZvzMWBZkB_\/view?usp=drive_link\">El gusto es m\u00edo.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">The pleasure is mine.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18IySdqB018s-yENezQyTMekRqA3mDj0F\/view?usp=drive_link\">Saludos a _______<\/a>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Say hi to ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18egFnW0PSPBDDhf5mKl-MnV4-7eOBkJw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Gracias.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Thank you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1mWdLQriEhNBZ052qDvXUavc7KcdpBr45\/view?usp=drive_link\">De nada.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">You\u2019re welcome.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oHYQ7BSjP9C_v271efoRR-Q06A0erjNU\/view?usp=drive_link\">Perd\u00f3n.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me \/ Sorry.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kVfqJD1_S65n4sFwk7LW2zsvRLnfTYOY\/view?usp=drive_link\">Con permiso.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (moving through people).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Introducing oneself and others<\/strong> <strong>(Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Introducing oneself and others<\/strong> <strong>(English)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oanzwXWrL5YeAQ-Ad9KLvmhLsMukdTz2\/view?usp=drive_link\">Te presento a _____<\/a>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">This is (I present; informal) _____.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GOeAS4YPdMSwbCmcc7mwp0Z4aPmbUSZL\/view?usp=drive_link\">Le presento a _____.<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">This is (I present; formal) _____.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYV-UgfJAtYRF9qMmW171LX4DHZBycTw\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00c9l<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1q8GE062CxggM4sJcZ8o65PNMMu6CoHpO\/view?usp=drive_link\">ella) es<\/a> ______.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">He\/she\/it is ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1icIroN3gtsNtvAcypVpCLqrl-Yblv1HT\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me llamo<\/a> _________.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">My name is (I call myself) ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12lfCKpD-c4tf7SUNvqDAoUdMCv-iQyiu\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mi nombre es<\/a> ____.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">My name is ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DKVtkAMPdYaJogBnkwqqWUZWDeZdfqhq\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo te llamas?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">What\u2019s your (informal) name?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1jJ45U5NkCT9VmbK9ECVABCOfL3IO8Qkl\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">What\u2019s your (formal) name?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15R70rBFVktk3HFCGmGtu64f6WeFaaUQ4\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde eres?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">Where are you (informal) from?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Jx0zPMHNasz0GXtZiGiidEZ2gbpEf3_O\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">Where are you (formal) from?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">Soy de _________.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">I am from ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">(Yo) <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xkwRVYpg4ATU1ZYotKdSmRZya4x2piLm\/view?usp=drive_link\">soy<\/a> _______.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">I am ______.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 420px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><strong>High-frequency words and phrases<\/strong> <strong>(Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\"><strong>High-frequency words and phrases<\/strong> <strong>(English)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1nTg7nVpykUeyE7O7rE_uUc1_pzGwHuhi\/view?usp=drive_link\">El chico<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/181JoaLspJWSo6yqB32PvrfyLvH-nB0NR\/view?usp=drive_link\">la chica<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Boy\/girl<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JzPq3UEtQSEPOwA_hsGz2wHwjnJtUUd2\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estudiante<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19dKfNc5cHsmpIJ1HWYover6fxpQK_Tkj\/view?usp=drive_link\">la estudiante<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Student<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1S8E1yvlfIMWwadCbtGX4KGoo5E3jSkMd\/view?usp=drive_link\">La universidad<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">University<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1zz98y9Gy7R5hVQ_8k3pHBd0yZeYct_WF\/view?usp=drive_link\">El perro<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Dog<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RC8ckXKk7tAbG3uLfCUl68fgP7ozkrnw\/view?usp=drive_link\">El carro<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19hstPquHQ0z_LSHMH7Lrlz_cIwehAtqR\/view?usp=drive_link\">el coche<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Car<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ikn43pqqX7S2l2ZdNUsQFRcr1Tntoq5T\/view?usp=drive_link\">El amigo<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gWwtrd9cr4HWLGILJpqTRsltmP2kQJ_r\/view?usp=drive_link\">la amiga<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Friend<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sevYFd7TdwvtmUbOp7VXZtj6ic2oIaP1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Bueno<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1nsyM7fBDRzpQpVgwJkQkePM2appjFzUJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">a<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Good<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HudEXdgSIUNoDwM7VxvipHwcuBZnBKwr\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">I<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1AgjsKjtTW3glzXYsIlWu8G7e9qxMzSqS\/view?usp=drive_link\">T\u00fa<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">You (informal)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1siuQ1-qLK8XG-pbP1-B5knxx7QPD9obI\/view?usp=drive_link\">Usted<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">You (formal)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1LXxSV1ggbrNsosjSNJps2CDRXFo10ldR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ella<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">She<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYV-UgfJAtYRF9qMmW171LX4DHZBycTw\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00c9l<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">He<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Vl6yb2UgK-yZO3c6wAsD9EMGxIy2fpR_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tengo<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">I have<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1J5476mZ0Gg2bE7kdNUCV6oc2TFUEpP56\/view?usp=drive_link\">La clase<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Class<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GTFgITjxwXXNwTVMDHQZpp88w0PHjatF\/view?usp=drive_link\">El libro<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Book<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sKjlJlOGgc6yCnm8mSAxkP4l5ZUlvcZ1\/view?usp=drive_link\">La mochila<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Backpack<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NwmeN1sWutg5Hxc5PbG5GAQZDURspQeK\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estacionamiento<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Parking<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NwmeN1sWutg5Hxc5PbG5GAQZDURspQeK\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ahora<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Now<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1hoVKXi4XWoFkm-xIdrrSab4HLSbFf_qt\/view?usp=drive_link\">Profesor<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Wu32Sl2QnRrHW_yaBVupEFEBI1lzxdF2\/view?usp=drive_link\">profesora<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Professor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FPi78hEAAKI707iw3op-qdETcOEkwrby\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo\u2026?<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">How\u2026?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RfsYtHbNmf69NHvwwWezOObpDHoTl498\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mi<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">My<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/11eqa085AbPuIeOhBbX-DkcHGK21Oaouy\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tu<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Your<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1IwIk8k2uwfWhdzOM0Bt86eBioxNMQrzC\/view?usp=drive_link\">Su<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">His\/her\/your\/their<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QVsEK6gb_dpj7urQA-H5oBmjS2RU1JzZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ser<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">To be<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OCtSlIA5-YbzdC2TFBlFvuVXeiv1HYZB\/view?usp=drive_link\">El vecino<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fqI46GYqPmbBNDMIpUNCY2nwOjA1Q9Rp\/view?usp=drive_link\">la vecina<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Neighbor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/181JoaLspJWSo6yqB32PvrfyLvH-nB0NR\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hijo<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sexs04_pMScpOIJEFzTQllTsnXZZk1DR\/view?usp=drive_link\">la hija<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Son\/daughter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ct7ahrH_UwNmYE03vnVUREXz7Fb_i_93\/view?usp=drive_link\">Y<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">And<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.13. Formal or informal<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nRead the following dialogues and then decide whether each is part of a formal or informal conversation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u2014\u00a1Hola! \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u2014Bien, \u00bfy t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">informal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"13\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.14. \u00bfQu\u00e9 decimos?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDecide which expression from the box to use in each situation. Use each expression only once.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"14\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.15. Una conversaci\u00f3n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nComplete the following conversation using the expressions from the list. You may only use an expression one time.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"29\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.16. Mucho gusto<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou are meeting many new people at school. First, decide the best register, formal (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span>) or informal (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/em>), to use with each person, then write an appropriate greeting for each person.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>The dean of your school, Dr. Glass<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Formal\u2014Buenas tardes, Dra. Glass.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\na. Your Spanish Professor, Dr. P\u00e9rez\r\n\r\nb. Your roomate, Claudia\r\n\r\nc. Your roommate's mother\r\n\r\nd. Your academic advisor\r\n\r\ne. Your Spanish classmate\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.17. Di\u00e1logos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch each of the following videos. For each one, decide whether the interaction is formal or informal and then answer the additional questions.\r\n\r\n1. Nicky y Melissa\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/3kOPU6wLaEA[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Do they know each other or are they meeting for the first time? How do you know?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. How does Melissa ask Nicky how she is?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What do you think \u201c<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span>\u201d means?<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n2.Robin y Deysi\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/-579H9KU5ho[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Where are Robin and Deysi from?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What phrase does Robin use that Deysi does not know?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What does the phrase mean and where is it from?<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n3.Melissa, Nicky y \u00c1lvaro\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/0m5l8vWNQZE[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Which two friends know each other?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Which two people are being introduced?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What is the cultural question that comes up?<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n4. Manuela y \u00c1lvaro\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/Oschf0tp7pQ[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. What is different about the greeting in this video versus the other videos you have seen?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What similarities does this video share with the other videos?<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n5.Ana, Priscila, Mariangel y Tiffany\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/XOu0hWpNruU[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Which two friends know each other? How do you know?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What words do they use to introduce their other friends?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.18. Di\u00e1logos auditivos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nRead the following dialogues. Then decide whether the dialogues are formal and informal and write the words that you hear that indicate formality or informality.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: \u00a1Hola! Me llamo Isaac. \u00bfY t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Yo me llamo Claudia. Mucho gusto, Isaac.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: El gusto es m\u00edo, Claudia. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Estoy m\u00e1s o menos.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfFormal o <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">informal<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>? Clues: __<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Y<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">C\u00f3mo<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">est\u00e1s<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__________________<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n1.Di\u00e1logo 1\r\n\r\nGustavo: Buenas tardes, se\u00f1orita. Mi nombre es Gustavo Ram\u00edrez.\r\n\r\nLaura: Buenas tardes, se\u00f1or Ram\u00edrez. Mi nombre es Laura P\u00e9rez.\r\n\r\nGustavo: Mucho gusto, se\u00f1orita P\u00e9rez.\r\n\r\nLaura: El placer es m\u00edo, se\u00f1or Ram\u00edrez.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n2.Di\u00e1logo 2\r\n\r\nH\u00e9ctor: Hola Samuel, \u00bfc\u00f3mo va todo?\r\n\r\nSamuel: Muy bien, gracias. Y t\u00fa, \u00bfc\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?\r\n\r\nH\u00e9ctor: Bien tambi\u00e9n. Samuel, ella es mi\u00a0 amiga Carmen.\r\n\r\nSamuel: Mucho gusto, Carmen.\r\n\r\nCarmen: Encantada, Samuel.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:\r\n\r\n3.Di\u00e1logo 3\r\n\r\nSr. L\u00f3pez: Se\u00f1or Tejo, \u00bfc\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted?\r\n\r\nSr. Tejo: Muy bien, gracias, se\u00f1or L\u00f3pez. \u00bfY usted?\r\n\r\nSr. L\u00f3pez: Muy bien tambi\u00e9n, gracias. Sr. Tejo, quiero presentarle a la se\u00f1ora Helena Garc\u00eda.\r\n\r\nSr. Tejo: Encantado, se\u00f1ora Garc\u00eda.\r\n\r\nSra. Helena Garc\u00eda: El gusto es m\u00edo, Sr. Tejo.\r\n\r\n\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 1.19. Vamos a presentarnos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou need to introduce yourself to a classmate in Spanish.\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014You will need to do the following:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Greet your classmate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Introduce yourself and say what your name is.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use a courtesy expression to say that it is a pleasure to meet your classmate or to say that it is a pleasure to meet them too.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Say a short farewell.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nPaso 2\u2014Walk around the classroom and introduce yourself politely to at least five classmates. Be sure to pay attention when they introduce themselves, since you will need to remember this information for the next step.\r\n\r\nUse some of the negotiation words below if you need to:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo? (What?)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Repite, por favor. (Can you repeat that, please?)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">M\u00e1s despacio, por favor. (Speak slower, please.)<\/p>\r\nPaso 3\u2014You have met many new students and you want to introduce them to each other. Work with two partners to role-play a situation in which you introduce them to each other. You will need to:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Greet your classmates.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Introduce one classmate to the other one.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Exchange courtesy expressions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Say good-bye.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.20. Situaciones<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWith a partner, role-play the following situations.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>You see your Spanish teacher at Starbucks. Greet him or her, ask him or her how he or she is doing, and then say good-bye.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You see your friend in the cafeteria. Greet him or her, ask him or her how he or she is doing, and then say good-bye.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You meet someone new. Greet him or her, introduce yourself, and ask him or her what his or her name is. Tell him or her that it is a pleasure to meet him or her. Say good-bye.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 align=\"left\"><a id=\"V\"><\/a>V. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Video entrevistas<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.21. \u00a1Soy yo!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch each of the following videos of native speakers introducing themselves. Then, fill in the blanks with information about them.\r\n\r\nPersona 1\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/oYUC_Vv8sRc[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 2\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/G04BVtSHBR0[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 3\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/Ni9PvhMcQZ8[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 4\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/vlJTNJ7A5FA[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 5\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/MBqtoI9iWnE[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 6\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/ro2N0ap06Y8[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 7\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/qZwBpqyxbtU[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 8\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/bSDib-VFrXY[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 9\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/3780nWBXzcU[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 10\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/xyi_uhpiESM[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPersona 11\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/MQ064pHkka4[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 1.22. When do I use usted?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch the following video to learn about some of the differences in physical greetings and use of <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/em>, <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">vos<\/span><\/em>, and <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">usted<\/span><\/em> in the Spanish-speaking world. Then, based on what you learn, answer the following questions.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/biXk9apsTTo[\/embed]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you were to meet a new person your own age in a Spanish-speaking country, what physical gesture would you use to greet them? Would it differ if it were a man or a woman? What words would you use to refer to that person?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If you were to meet a new person who was older than you or clearly a person of authority in a Spanish-speaking country, what physical gestures would you use to greet them? What words would you use to refer to that person?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would greet with one or two kisses if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would use the words <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span> with, if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would use the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> with, if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"VI\"><\/a>VI. <span style=\"color: #993300;\">Gram\u00e1tica<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2>1-A. The verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\nThe verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span> is the impersonal form of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>haber<\/em><\/span>, which means \u201cto be\u201d or \u201cto have.\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Hay<\/em><\/span> means \u201cthere is\u201d and \u201cthere are,\u201d and it is used to indicate the presence of people, things, places, and so on.\r\n\r\nSee the following examples:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> unos estudiantes en la clase.\r\n\r\n(There are some students in the class.)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_238\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-238\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"Boys gathered around school laptop.\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-using-silver-macbook-indoors-3401403\/\">Boy Using Silver Macbook Indoor<\/a> by Agung Pandit Wiguna, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> una estudiante en la biblioteca.\r\n\r\n(There is a student in the library.)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_239\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-239\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a girl in a blue sweatshirt reading a book in a library\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-using-silver-macbook-indoors-3401403\/\">Woman Wearing Blue Jacket Sitting on Chair Near Table Reading Books<\/a> by George Dolgikh licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> un perro d\u00e1lmata.\r\n\r\n(There is a dalmatian dog.)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_240\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"191\"]<img class=\" wp-image-240\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a dalmatian dog looking up\" width=\"191\" height=\"287\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-wearing-blue-jacket-sitting-on-chair-near-table-reading-books-1326947\/\">Dalmatian Sitting White Surface<\/a> by Kasuma licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> unos chicos en el parque con una guitarra.\r\n\r\n(There are some young people in the park with a guitar.)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_241\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-241\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a group of people who are at the park with a guitar\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/a-photo-of-a-man-strumming-on-acoustic-guitar-3776872\/\">A Photo of a Man Strumming on Acoustic Guitar<\/a> by Andrea Piacquadio, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span> can also be used to ask questions. Its meaning then changes to \u201cIs there\u2026?\u201d and \u201cAre there\u2026?\u201d\r\n\r\nSee the following examples:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_243\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-243\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of woman reading a book at the library \" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-reading-book-256455\/\">Woman Reading Book<\/a> by Pixabay, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u2014\u00bf<strong>Hay<\/strong> una biblioteca en tu universidad? (Is there a library in your university?)\r\n\r\n\u2014S\u00ed, <strong>hay<\/strong> una biblioteca grande. (Yes, there is a big library.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_244\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-244\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of someone sitting down with a backpack and reading a book\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/photo-of-woman-sitting-on-chair-1478476\/\">Photo of Woman Sitting On Chair<\/a> by Ray Piedra, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u2014\u00bf<strong>Hay<\/strong> una computadora en la mochila? (Is there a computer in your backpack?)\r\n\r\n\u2014No, no <strong>hay<\/strong> una computadora. <strong>Hay<\/strong> muchos libros en la mochila. (No, there is not a computer. There are many books in the backpack.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.23. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hay?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDetermine if the following statements about your university are true (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">cierto<\/span><\/em>) or false (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">falso<\/span><\/em>).\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Cierto<\/td>\r\n<td>Falso<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1. Hay un restaurante de comida r\u00e1pida (fast food) en la universidad.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2. Hay un problema para encontrar estacionamiento (find parking).<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3. Hay personas muy inteligentes y simp\u00e1ticas.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4. Hay perros en la universidad.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5. En las clases siempre hay muchos estudiantes.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6. Hay clases por la noche.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.24. \u00bfQu\u00e9 m\u00e1s hay en tu universidad?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nThink about what else there is in your university and write down as many items as you can. Be ready to share your list with the class.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hay muchos profesores.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n1.\r\n\r\n2.\r\n\r\n3.\r\n\r\n4.\r\n\r\n5.\r\n\r\n\u2026\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>1-B. Cardinal numbers<\/h2>\r\nCardinal numbers like one, two, three, and four are used to indicate quantity in both English and Spanish.\r\n<h3>Numbers zero through thirty<\/h3>\r\nThe number <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>uno<\/em><\/span> agrees in gender with the noun it modifies. It drops the -o before a masculine noun and adds an -a before a feminine noun. This also applies to numbers that end in -uno like <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>veintiuno<\/em><\/span>.\r\n\r\n<strong>Un<\/strong> libro\r\n\r\n<strong>Una<\/strong> mochila\r\n\r\n<strong>Veinti\u00fan<\/strong> libros\r\n\r\nNotice the accent mark over the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>u<\/em><\/span> in <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>veinti\u00fan<\/em><\/span> to stress the sound.\r\n\r\n<strong>Veintiuna<\/strong> mochilas\r\n\r\nNotice that the feminine form does not add the accent mark.\r\n\r\nAlso note that numbers zero through thirty are only one word.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cero<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecis\u00e9is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">uno<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>17<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecisiete<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">dos<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">dieciocho<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">tres<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecinueve<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cuatro<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>20<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinte<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cinco<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>21<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintiuno<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">seis<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>22<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintid\u00f3s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">siete<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>23<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintitr\u00e9s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">ocho<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinticuatro<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">nueve<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>25<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinticinco<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diez<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>26<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintis\u00e9is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">once<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>27<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintisiete<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">doce<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>28<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintiocho<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">trece<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>29<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintinueve<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>14<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">catorce<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>30<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">treinta<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">quince<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nIn Spanish, just like in English, these numbers are placed before nouns.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hay<\/span> <strong>tres<\/strong> libros.\r\n\r\nHay <strong>cuatro<\/strong> estudiantes.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.25. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos hay?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nLook at the image and answer the questions indicating the quantity in each image.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos veh\u00edculos hay?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"492\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image11.jpg\" alt=\"picture of a red ferrari with other cars in the background.\" width=\"492\" height=\"369\" \/> <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/red-ferrari-337909\/\">Photo of Red Ferrari<\/a><\/span> by Pavlo Luchkovski, licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hay <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">siete<\/span> <\/span>veh\u00edculos.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"16\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.26. Tu universidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAnswer the following questions in complete sentences.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas bibliotecas hay en tu universidad?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Hay dos bibliotecas en mi universidad.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos estudiantes hay en tu clase de espa\u00f1ol? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos chicos hay? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas chicas hay?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas computadoras hay en tu clase de espa\u00f1ol?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos libros hay en tu mochila?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas capillas (chapels) hay en tu universidad?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos lugares (places) para estudiar (study) hay en tu universidad?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.27. Tus jugadores favoritos y los deportes<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAnswer the following questions about sports and your favorite players.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de b\u00e9isbol? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Mi jugador favorito de b\u00e9isbol es Cal Ripken Jr. Su n\u00famero es el ocho.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de la NFL? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos\u00a0 jugadores hay en una alineaci\u00f3n (line-up) de un equipo de f\u00fatbol americano?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfHay otro deporte con el mismo n\u00famero de jugadores (same number of players)?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de la NBA? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito en otro deporte? \u00bfTiene un n\u00famero espec\u00edfico?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.28. Tus preguntas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nTake turns with a partner asking and responding to questions using the verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span>. Make sure that you ask at least five questions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos estudiantes hay en la clase hoy?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Hay veintid\u00f3s estudiantes en la clase hoy.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>1-C. Gender and number of nouns<\/h2>\r\n<h3>The gender of nouns<\/h3>\r\nIn English, the gender of a noun is generally not indicated, and therefore, there is no need to modify a noun to show that it is masculine or feminine. Spanish, on the other hand, does make this distinction. All nouns are either masculine or feminine. There are several \u201crules\u201d that help us identify the gender of nouns.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Most nouns that end in -o are generally masculine. Masculine nouns that end in -o can be made feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most nouns that end in -a are feminine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most nouns that end in -ci\u00f3n, -si\u00f3n, -ez, -tud, -dad, and -tad are feminine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most nouns that end in -ma, -pa, -ta, -aje, and -or will be masculine.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThere are exceptions to these rules like the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>There are some nouns that end in -a that are masculine, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>d\u00eda<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>sof\u00e1<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are some nouns that end in -o that are feminine, such as <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">mano<\/span><\/em>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>moto<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>foto<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are also nouns that only have one form for the masculine and for the feminine. In order to indicate gender, an article (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>) must be used. Example: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el estudiante<\/em><\/span> (masculine noun); <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la estudiante<\/em><\/span> (feminine noun).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt is recommended that as you learn a new word, you also memorize its gender, since the gender of nouns that end in other consonants or vowels cannot be determined just by looking at them.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.29. \u00bfMasculino o femenino?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDetermine whether the following nouns are masculine (m) or feminine (f).\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Universidad<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>f (It\u2019s a feminine noun because it ends in -dad.)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"17\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>The number of nouns<\/h3>\r\nThe number of a noun can be singular or plural. That is to say, the number indicates whether you are talking about one item or multiple ones. In English, a singular noun can be made plural by adding -s to the singular form.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\nboy\u2014boys\r\n\r\nhouse\u2014houses\r\n\r\nbook\u2014books\r\n\r\nIn Spanish, there are also rules that indicate how to turn a singular noun into a plural one.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If the noun ends in a vowel, then add -s to the end.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Examples:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nchic<strong>o<\/strong>\u2014chico<strong>s<\/strong>\r\n\r\nvecin<strong>a<\/strong>\u2014vecina<strong>s<\/strong>\r\n\r\nperr<strong>o<\/strong>\u2014perro<strong>s<\/strong>\r\n\r\nestudiant<strong>e<\/strong>\u2014estudiante<strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If the noun ends in a consonant, add -es to the end.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Examples:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nuniversidad\u2014universidades\r\n\r\npape<strong>l<\/strong>\u2014papel<strong>es<\/strong>\r\n\r\nflo<strong>r<\/strong>\u2014flor<strong>es<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If the nouns ends in -z, the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>z<\/em><\/span> then changes to <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>c<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Example:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nl\u00e1pi<strong>z<\/strong>\u2014l\u00e1pi<strong>c<\/strong>es\r\n\r\nfeli<strong>z<\/strong>\u2014feli<strong>c<\/strong>es\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.30. Sustantivos plurales<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nMake the following nouns plural.\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>d\u00eda -<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>d\u00edas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"18\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>1-D. Definite and indefinite articles<\/h2>\r\nDefinite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>) and indefinite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>a<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>an<\/em><\/span>) are words that are generally placed before nouns. They indicate whether the identity of the noun is known or specified (definite) or unknown or unspecified (indefinite). For example, if you say \u201cI\u2019m going to the game,\u201d by using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>, you are referring to a specific game that has already been introduced into the conversation or is so well known that the person you are speaking with will automatically know which game you are talking about. If you say \u201cI\u2019m going to a game,\u201d then it might be any game, and the person you are speaking to likely does not know which specific game you are talking about.\r\n\r\nIn Spanish, there are also definite and indefinite articles, and they serve the same purpose\u2014that is, indicating whether the specific identity of the object is known to the individuals being spoken to. However, while in English there is only one definite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>) and two indefinite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>a<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>an<\/em><\/span>), in Spanish there are four definite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>los<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>las<\/em><\/span>) and four indefinite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unos<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unas<\/em><\/span>) articles. The reason there are four is because they have to agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they modify. For plural indefinite articles in English, the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>some<\/em><\/span> is often used, as in \u201cI need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0f7d99; text-decoration: underline;\">some<\/span><\/span> new clothes.\u201d\r\n\r\nTake a look at the examples below and consider why the definite or indefinite article is used in each case.\r\n\r\n(Two friends talking) Are you going to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">the<\/span> store?\u2014\u00bfVas a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">la<\/span> tienda?\r\n\r\n(Two friends talking) Do you want to play <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> game?\u2014\u00bfQuieres jugar <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> juego?\r\n\r\n(Professor to students) Take out <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">the<\/span> book.\u2014Saquen <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">el<\/span> libro.\r\n\r\n(Student to bookstore employee) I need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> good book.\u2014Necesito <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> buen libro.\r\n\r\nThe definite articles are:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Singular noun<\/td>\r\n<td>Plural noun<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Masculine noun<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>el<\/td>\r\n<td>los<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Feminine noun<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>la<\/td>\r\n<td>las<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nFor example:\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_246\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\"wp-image-246 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of little boy running through the grass\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-running-during-sunset-1416736\/\">Boy Running during Sunset<\/a> by Jonas Mohamadi, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_247\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-247\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of woman reading a book in a tree\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-in-white-and-black-floral-dress-wearing-brown-hat-sitting-on-brown-tree-5530604\/\">Woman in White and Black Floral Dress Wearing Brown Hat Sitting on Brown Tree<\/a> by RODNAE Productions, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>El<\/strong> chic<strong>o<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chico<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is singular (there is only one). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>La<\/strong> chic<strong>a<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chica<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is singular (there is only one). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"199\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-248\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of of kids with a clear umbrella \" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/toddler-holding-umbrella-beside-girl-1619716\/\">Toddler Holding Umbrella Beside Girl<\/a> by Victoria Borodinova, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-249\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of two women taking a selfie\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-holding-silver-iphone-5s-1090393\/\">Woman Holding Silver Iphone 5s<\/a> by Vinicius Wiesehofer, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Los<\/strong> chic<strong>os<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chicos<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is plural (there are two boys). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>los<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Las<\/strong> chic<strong>as<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chicas<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is plural (there are two girls). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>las<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.31. Art\u00edculos definidos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSelect the correct definite article to go with the noun.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Los<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong>__amigos<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"19\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>1-E. Indefinite articles<\/h2>\r\nAs mentioned above, indefinite articles are used when the specific identity of the object is either unknown to the speaker or listener or not yet specified. See the following examples of the use of indefinite articles:\r\n\r\nDo you want to go to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0f7d99; text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span><\/span> restaurant?\u2014\u00bfQuieres ir a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> restaurante?\r\n\r\nI need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> new shirt.\u2014Necesito <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">una<\/span> camisa nueva.\r\n\r\nI plan to watch <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">some<\/span> movies this weekend.\u2014Pienso mirar <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">unas<\/span> pel\u00edculas este fin de semana.\r\n\r\nDo you need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">some<\/span> markers?\u2014\u00bfNecesitas <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">unos<\/span> marcadores?\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Singular noun<\/td>\r\n<td>Plural noun<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Masculine noun<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>un<\/td>\r\n<td>unos<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Feminine noun<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>una<\/td>\r\n<td>unas<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libro<\/em><\/span> is masculine noun.\r\n<p style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Mochila<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_251\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"190\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-251\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-190x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of book laying on the ground by tree roots with leaves\" width=\"190\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/opened-book-on-tree-root-3358707\/\">Opened Book on Tree Root<\/a> by Rikka Ameboshi, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-252\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a hand holding a black backpack\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/person-holding-black-backpack-3731256\/\">Person Holding Black Backpack<\/a> by Luis Quintero, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Un<\/strong> libr<strong>o<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libro<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is singular (there is one book). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Una<\/strong> mochil<strong>a<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">Mochila<\/span><\/em> is a feminine noun and it is singular (there is one backpack). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_253\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-253\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of black shelf full of books \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/books-in-black-wooden-book-shelf-159711\/\">Books in Black Wooden Book Shelf<\/a> by Pixabay, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_254\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-254\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of individuals wearing backpacks walking outside\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/people-wearing-backpacks-1454360\/\">People Wearing Backpacks<\/a> by Stanley Morales, licensed under Pexels license[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Unos<\/strong> libr<strong>os<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libros<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is plural (there are two books). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unos<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Unas<\/strong> mochil<strong>as<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Mochilas<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is plural (there are many backpacks). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unas<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.32. Art\u00edculos indefinidos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSelect the correct indefinite article to go with the noun.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">unas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong>__ clases<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"20\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.33. Oraciones<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nComplete each sentence with the correct definite or indefinite article.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">La<\/span><\/span>__ profesora de matem\u00e1ticas es muy inteligente.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"21\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>1-F. El verbo <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\r\nAlmost all sentences need a verb. We use verbs for many things, such as expressing actions, recurrences, or states of being. One of the most common verbs in Spanish is the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span>, which in English means \u201cto be.\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Ser<\/em><\/span> is an irregular verb, so it is conjugated differently than other verbs you will learn in the future.\r\n\r\nThe forms of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> are:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Subject pronoun<\/td>\r\n<td>Singular form of the verb<\/td>\r\n<td>Subject pronoun<\/td>\r\n<td>Plural form of the verb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo<\/td>\r\n<td>soy<\/td>\r\n<td>nosotros<\/td>\r\n<td>somos<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>t\u00fa<\/td>\r\n<td>eres<\/td>\r\n<td>vosotros<\/td>\r\n<td>sois<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted<\/td>\r\n<td>es<\/td>\r\n<td>ustedes<\/td>\r\n<td>son<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00e9l\/ella<\/td>\r\n<td>es<\/td>\r\n<td>ellos\/ellas<\/td>\r\n<td>son<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> is used to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify people, places, and things.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> Ana. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una chica. Esta <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la clase de matem\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Express inherent qualities.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Ella <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una buena amiga.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Express possession.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> su profesora.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Indicate nationality.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde <strong><span class=\"b\">eres<\/span><\/strong>? <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> de Puerto Rico.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Indicate profession.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una estudiante.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Express dates and times.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Hoy <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> lunes. <strong><span class=\"b\">Son<\/span><\/strong> las dos de la tarde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Express dates, times, and locations of events.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">El concierto <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> el 18 de mayo. <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> a las 2:00 de la tarde. <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> en el parque central de la ciudad.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\nRead the following paragraphs to see how Ana and the members of her community use the verb <em>ser<\/em>\u00a0to present, identify, and describe themselves.\r\n<p class=\"psec\"><span class=\"b\"><strong>Ana<\/strong><strong>\u2014Soy<\/strong><\/span> Ana. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una chica y una estudiante en la Universidad Marian. Mi clase favorita <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la clase de matem\u00e1ticas. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi amigo y la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi vecina.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Ana introducing Carlos y Jennifer\u2014<\/span><\/strong>Estos <strong><span class=\"b\">son<\/span><\/strong> Carlos y Jennifer. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> un chico y Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una chica. Tambi\u00e9n <strong><span class=\"b\">son<\/span><\/strong> estudiantes en la Universidad Marian y <strong>son<\/strong> mis amigos. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Fort Wayne, Indiana, pero su familia <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Argentina. Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Puerto Rico. <strong><span class=\"b\">Son<\/span><\/strong> atl\u00e9ticos y su deporte favorito <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> el f\u00fatbol. Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> muy talentosa.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Ana introducing la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez\u2014<\/span><\/strong>Ella <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez y <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi vecina. <strong>Es<\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis. Su perro <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> Luca. La Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una buena persona y Luca <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> un buen perro.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Dra. Garc\u00eda\u2014<\/span><\/strong>\u201cHola Ana, <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> la Dra. Garc\u00eda y <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> profesora de matem\u00e1ticas. <strong><span class=\"b\">Eres<\/span><\/strong> mi estudiante, \u00bfno? \u00bf<strong><span class=\"b\">Eres<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis? \u00a1Yo tambi\u00e9n <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis! <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> un placer conocerte, Ana.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.34.<\/span> Comprehension check<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">Determine whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">cierto<\/span><\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">falso<\/span><\/em><\/span> according to the text above.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"22\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.35.<\/span> Usos de <span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">Using the paragraphs above, identify two examples of how <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/em><\/span> is used for each of the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Saying one\u2019s name or identifying people, places and things.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describing one\u2019s profession.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identifying inherent qualities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Indicate nationality.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.36.<\/span> Las conjugaciones de <span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">Fill in the blank with the correct conjugation of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> to complete the sentences about Ana and her neighborhood.<\/p>\r\n<strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Yo __<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"bu\" style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">soy<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"b\"><strong>__ Ana<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"23\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.37.<\/span> Ana se presenta<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nFill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> to help Ana introduce herself and her friends.\r\n\r\n<strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Yo __<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"bu\" style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">soy<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"b\"><strong>__ Ana<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"24\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.38.<\/span> Identificaciones<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nRead the following information cards and write complete sentences to identify the people indicated. Use the model as a guide.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Nombre: Marta<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Origen: Illinois, EEUU<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ocupaci\u00f3n: profesora<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Caracter\u00edsticas: extrovertida, optimista<\/p>\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Es Marta. Es de Illinois, EEUU. Es una profesora extrovertida y optimista.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"25\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 1.39.<\/span> Firma con ser<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nUse the chart below to learn more about your classmates. You must first write a question (using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span>) that will help you find individuals in the class that do the following activities. Then you will ask your classmates the questions. If your classmate answers yes, they should sign your sheet. If you ask and your classmate says no, they may not sign your sheet, and you should look for someone else.\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\" border=\"1pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0)\" cellpadding=\"5pt\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Informaci\u00f3n<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Pregunta<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Nombres<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><strong><span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\">Es atleta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><strong><span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\">\u00bfEres atleta?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">1.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">2.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es de otro estado.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es de otro pa\u00eds.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es extrovertido.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es introvertido.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es artista o m\u00fasico.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-td\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.40.<\/span> Preguntas personales<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch and listen to Nicky\u2019s questions. Pause the video between questions and prepare an answer.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZeP2mDLSzQs[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 1.41.<\/span> Entrevista<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow that you know how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Spanish, you will complete a mini-interview with a native or heritage speaker of Spanish from your community.\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Prepare your questions. Be sure you are ready to ask questions to gain the following information.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Their name.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Where they\u2019re from.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Their occupation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn addition, you should also prepare at least two additional questions (in English) about that person, their home country, and\/or their home culture. Remember that they may be from the United States and share a cultural background with you!\r\n\r\nPaso 2\u2014Complete and record your interview. Prepare to greet your interviewee <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>appropriately<\/em><\/span> (remember that this will likely involve some physical contact) and be sure to say thank you and good-bye when you have completed the interview. You can refer back to the negotiation words in Actividad 1.19 to help you navigate in Spanish. Follow your instructor\u2019s directions for submitting the video.\r\n\r\nPaso 3\u2014Now you should reflect on the interview experience. Consider the following questions and answer them in a paragraph or more:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How did you feel heading into the interview? Why?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What surprised you about the interview?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is something you learned and\/or what is your main takeaway from this experience?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"psec\"><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Communicative goals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greet, meet, and introduce individuals and say good-bye.<\/li>\n<li>Exchange basic personal information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cultural goals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Learn appropriate behavior when meeting someone from a different culture.<\/li>\n<li>Understand how people from different Hispanic cultures greet one another and the courtesy expressions expected on a day-to-day basis.<\/li>\n<li>Begin to form cultural sensitivity that will transform into cultural competence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"import-ah\"><a id=\"I\"><\/a>I. <span style=\"color: #0f7d99;\"><span class=\"import-ccust1\">Tira<\/span> <span class=\"import-ccust1\">c\u00f3mica<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-pf\">In this <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em class=\"import-i\">tira<\/em> <em class=\"import-i\">c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span>, you will meet Ana and follow her as she greets and meets friends and acquaintances at home and on her university campus.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image1.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: A girl with a pink shirt and a pink flower in her short brown hair says, &quot;\u00a1Hola! Me llamo Ana. Soy una chica de Indianapolis. Soy una estudiante en la universidad Marian.&quot; Panel 2: Ana waves to a gray-haired woman on the sidewalk with her dog and says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas, Se\u00f1ora Martinez. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted?&quot; Panel 3: Se\u00f1ora Martinez says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas, Ana. Estoy bien, gracias. Saludos a tu mam\u00e1.&quot; Panel 4: Ana waves good-bye as a red car pulls up. &quot;\u00a1Hasta luego! Buen d\u00eda.&quot; Senora Martinez replies off-panel, &quot;Igualmente. \u00a1Adios!&quot; Panel 5: A red car drives on the road past a stone sign that reads, &quot;Marian.&quot; Panel 6: Ana is standing on the grass talking to a taller boy with a yellow shirt and black hair. &quot;\u00a1Hola, Carlos! \u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e1l? \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?&quot; Carlos replies, &quot;\u00a1Hola, Ana! Gusto en verte. Todo bien. \u00bfY t\u00fa?&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image2.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 7: Carlos gives Ana a kiss on the cheek in greeting. Panel 8: Ana says, &quot;Estoy muy bien.&quot; Panel 9: A girl in a white shirt with black hair dyed teal at the bottom waves to Carlos from the sidewalk. &quot;\u00a1Hola, Carlos!&quot; Panel 10: Carlos gestures to the girl in white. &quot;Ana, te presento a Jennifer. Ella es una buena amiga.&quot; Panel 11: Jennifer smiles. Off-panel, Ana says, &quot;Mucho gusto.&quot; Panel 12: Jennifer says, &quot;Igualmente. \u00bfde d\u00f3nde eres, Ana?&quot; Ana responds with, &quot;Soy de Indian\u00e1polis, \u00bfy t\u00fa?&quot; Jennifer says, &quot;Soy de Puerto Rico.&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image3.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 13: A closeup of Ana's purple analog watch. It reads 12:53. Panel 14: Ana says, &quot;Tengo clase de matem\u00e1ticas ahora. Hasta luego.&quot; Carlos says, &quot;Adi\u00f3s. Nos vemos despu\u00e9s.&quot; Jennifer says, &quot;S\u00ed, chau. Nos vemos.&quot; Panel 15: In math class, Ana talks to a boy with brown hair and a blue shirt. She says, &quot;Hola, \u00bfqu\u00e9 t\u00e1l? Me llamo Ana, y t\u00fa, c\u00f3mo te llamas?&quot; Panel 16: The boy in the blue shirt says, &quot;Mi nombre es Pablo. Encantado.&quot; Ana says, &quot;Igualmente. Un placer conocerte.&quot; Panel 17: The math teacher stands in front of the whiteboard with 'Garc\u00eda' written on it. She has brown hair and a purple shirt.She says, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas a todos. Esta es la clase de matem\u00e1ticas 101. Yo soy la Dra. Garc\u00eda y soy su profesora. Es un placer tenerlos en clase. Panel 18: Pablo and Ana sit next to each other at a desk. From off-panel, Dra. Garc\u00eda says, &quot;Por favor, abran sus libros...&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1034\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.1 Preguntas de comprensi\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span class=\"import-exhn\">\u00bfCierto o falso? Select whether each statement is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> (true) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span> (false).<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span class=\"import-exhn\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-106\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-106\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"106\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.1. Preguntas de comprensi\u00f3n\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"II\"><\/a>II. <span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? La cortes\u00eda en el mundo hispano<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.2. La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-7\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-7\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"7\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.2 \u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? - La cantidad de saludos y despedidas\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>3. What do you notice about the number of salutations (greetings) and goodbyes? Do they seem short or long in comparison to what you are used to?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: La cantidad de saludos y despedidas<\/h2>\n<p><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-233 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160-212x300.png\" alt=\"Panel 7 from the tira c\u00f3mica at the beginning of the chapter: Carlos gives Ana a kiss on the cheek in greeting.\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160-65x92.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160-225x318.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image160.png 286w\" \/><br \/>\nProper greetings and good-byes are extremely important in the cultures of the Hispanic world. While it\u2019s not necessary to greet every stranger on, say, a crowded city bus, in private and semiprivate spaces, it is a social norm to greet those you see, even if you are not closely acquainted. Notice how Ana takes the time to greet her neighbor as she leaves her house as well as to introduce herself to her classmate as she sits down. Particularly (but not exclusively) in Latin America, politeness and courtesy are highly valued, and the way you greet (or don\u2019t) greet) someone will likely be an important step in getting your relationship off on the right foot! Greetings do not have to be complicated; many times a simple <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hola<\/em><\/span> (hello) or <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">buenos d\u00edas<\/span><\/em> (good morning) is enough. The objective is to acknowledge people around you or near you, as this is a sign of respect.<\/p>\n<p>The same is true for closing a conversation or leaving a private or semiprivate space. It is just as important to say good-bye as it is to say hello to demonstrate respect and courtesy to the individuals in your environment. Following that same idea, Spanish speakers often layer good-byes, using multiple phrases to let their conversational partner know that they will be leaving. Sometimes the conversation continues on for several minutes after the initial good-bye!<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.3. Los saludos y las despedidas: Comprehension check<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Consider the following environments and decide whether you should greet \/ say good-bye to the individuals present or that you encounter in each one. Answer <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>s\u00ed<\/em><\/span> if you should and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> if you should not.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-8\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-8\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"8\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.3 Los saludos y las despedidas: Comprehension check.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u00bfFormal o informal? El uso de <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.4 El uso de t\u00fa y usted<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-9\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-9\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"9\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.4 \u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? - El uso de t\u00fa y usted\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: El uso de <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Just like in English, Spanish has both formal and informal registers, or forms of address. In English, those differences are evident in the words one chooses to use to greet and address someone. Whereas you might nod and say \u201cWhat\u2019s up, man?\u201d to your close friend, you would likely choose a more formal expression and form of address when speaking to your professor or the university president (perhaps \u201cGood morning, Dr. S\u00e1nchez\u201d). Spanish has those same differences, plus distinct personal pronouns and verb forms for a formal \u201cyou\u201d (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span>) and an informal \u201cyou\u201d (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>The use of formal and informal registers varies according to national culture in the Hispanic world. Whereas the majority, if not all, of the countries use the formal register in a professional environment, there are slight variations in its use in informal social settings. Some countries like Mexico, Honduras, and Costa Rica use the formal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span>) to address older family members as a sign of respect. In Spain the informal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>) is commonly used with all family members and friends. Countries like El Salvador, Honduras, and Argentina use a different pronoun, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span>, instead of <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> to address someone informally. A good rule to follow is to address people older than you and people you do not know using a formal register and people your own age or younger with an informal register (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span>), with the exception of professional situations. If you are unsure, you can always just ask how the person prefers to be addressed.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to consider different types of situations and determine the type of register that you would need to use.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.5 Conexi\u00f3n personal: El uso de t\u00fa y usted<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>1. Consider the following relationships and decide whether you would use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> to address that person:<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-10\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-10\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"10\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.5 Conexi\u00f3n personal - El uso de t\u00fa y usted\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>2. What other ways do you show formality or informality in greetings and goodbyes? Do you think they would still appy in Spanish?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Los besos<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">Actividad 1.6. Los besos<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-11\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-11\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"11\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.6 \u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? - Los besos\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Los besos<\/h2>\n<p>In Spanish-speaking cultures, it is very common to meet, greet, and often say good-bye to family members, peers, and new friends of similar social standing with a kiss on the cheek (or one on each cheek!). Depending on the level of familiarity and closeness between the two people, it can be an actual kiss or more of a gesture of a kiss, in which two people lean in and touch cheeks.<\/p>\n<p>There is quite a lot of variation depending on national culture. In Spain, Paraguay, and sometimes Venezuela, you give and receive a kiss on each cheek. However, in many Latin American countries like Mexico, Costa Rica, Chile, Colombia, and Guatemala, it is common to give one kiss on the right cheek. Gender also plays an important role in the type of greeting given. It is customary for two women or a man and a woman to greet with a kiss or two, depending on the local culture. However, between two men, the kiss is generally substituted for a warm handshake or hug. Argentina and Uruguay are exceptions, since in these countries, the kiss on the cheek between two men is a frequent occurrence. Furthermore, it is important to consider the type of situation in which the greeting takes place. In most informal social situations, a kiss on the cheek (or two) is appropriate and expected. In a business relationship or other formal situation, it is more appropriate to extend your hand. This is also the case in a transactional interaction such as shopping or other service-industry encounters, where these forms of physical touch are abnormal and would likely be viewed as inappropriately intimate. Lastly, when engaging in one or two cheek kisses for greetings, meetings, and good-byes, there is a specific protocol to follow. Namely, you always move to the left of the person you are greeting and put your right cheek on their right cheek.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.7. Conexi\u00f3n personal: Los besos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-12\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-12\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"12\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.7 Conexi\u00f3n personal - Los besos\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>5. Consider what physical gestures you make when greeting a friend or relative. Does this differ from how you would greet or meet someone in a more formal setting? Is your custom different whether you are first meeting someone versus greeting someone you have already met? How do these customs compare to what you see Ana doing?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.8. Reflexiones culturales<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li>Consider the cultural perspective behind the following practices, and identify them as part of your own cultural practice, Hispanic cultures, or both. What ideas, concepts or values are behind each of these practices?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Practice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Cultures? (Choose \u201cmy culture,\u201d \u201cHispanic cultures,\u201d \u201cboth,\u201d or \u201cnone\u201d)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>Perspectives (What ideas, concepts or values underlie this practice?)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Entering a classroom quietly and sitting down without addressing those around you.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Taking time to greet everyone present when you enter your own or someone else\u2019s home.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Continuing the conversation for another minute or several minutes after the initial goodbye.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Physical greetings among friends, including kissing and hugging.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Physical greetings among new acquaintances, including handshakes, hugs, and\/or cheek kisses.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Making sure to maintain some physical distance when speaking with someone, particularly in public spaces or with acquaintances.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">Carefully selecting the words used to speak with someone in a position of authority or held in esteem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>2. What key similarities and differences do you notice between the way you greet and say goodbye to individuals in your culture(s) and greetings and goodbyes in Hispanic cultures?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">3. What might be some common mistakes made by an American English speaker when it comes to greeting and goodbyes? What specific things would you advise that person to do to make sure that they are polite?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"III\"><\/a>III. <span style=\"color: #333399;\">Ampliaci\u00f3n: La diversidad hispana<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.9. Estereotipos en el mundo hispano<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Identify some stereotypes you have heard and seen about the language(s) spoken in the Hispanic world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.10. Diversidad en el mundo hispano<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now, read the article \u201cEmbracing the Diversity of Spanish\u201d about the linguistic diversity in the Spanish-speaking world and answer the questions:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.deepgram.com\/embracing-the-diversity-of-spanish\/\">https:\/\/blog.deepgram.com\/embracing-the-diversity-of-spanish\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-27\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-27\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"27\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.10. Diversidad en el mundo hispano\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.11. Who is \u201cHispanic\u201d?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now that we have established the linguistic diversity of Spanish and Spanish-speaking cultures across the globe, it\u2019s time to explore the ethnic diversity of the Spanish-speaking world. One way to do this is to look at the census category \u201cHispanic\u201d in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Read the article \u201cWho Is Hispanic?\u201d published by the Pew Research Center and answer the questions below:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2022\/09\/15\/who-is-hispanic\/\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2022\/09\/15\/who-is-hispanic\/<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-28\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-28\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"28\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.11. Who is \u201cHispanic\u201d?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.12. Confronting stereotypes<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now, write at least three things that you learned from the articles and that may help you confront and dispel stereotypes about Spanish speakers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"IV\"><\/a>IV. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Vocabulario<\/span><\/h1>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 255px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Greetings and good-byes (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Greetings and good-byes (English)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-d60i3VLCGKOCmCIpHmhKklKu37cOw1l\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00a1Hola!<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Hi!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pXzJeNpLU_z2qA9IbgNX_f39Bch0g9yU\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenos d\u00edas.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good morning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Vzt6H4-F1PDOGBdhEap8UcW3d-yFb4U1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenas tardes.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good afternoon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/133Xj5qQ1VIm31AXu_YYyzFl_31w93sVu\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buenas noches.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good evening.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16em8eSsDHRCP5Qjwsi9VWvXIFoXpwQLR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hasta luego.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">See you later.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K3WBsciv8uZXDIyZMb9DJNgUQPlTM18h\/view?usp=drive_link\">Adi\u00f3s.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Good-bye.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QEtUKD1P-K45fp4TfqWYioG6C2YZpota\/view?usp=drive_link\">Chau.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Bye.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-4uVSXGMzo6zpkcNIXTr7RoKyjJPssPX\/view?usp=drive_link\">Buen d\u00eda.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Have a good one.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1s-KIQ0W8cR9NFkKXtJTqeJlVUNw_0qlh\/view?usp=drive_link\">Nos vemos (despu\u00e9s).<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">See you (after).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Qg-tX5LEs107cpS85Pk4w4f2v5rMZsk9\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 tal?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How&#8217;s it going?\/What&#8217;s up?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TEmVv9CP296uGv1t_IXHJDdctfuzXmC7\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s t\u00fa<\/a> (informal)?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How are you (informal)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1S2nC4epkBiyviF4mgSXtHV7Dt1rFphbk\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted<\/a> (formal)?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How are you (formal)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TyyDJ6eA6rOJBgJ7LXFWYNhu_x0pWLFy\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo va todo?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">How&#8217;s everything?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1k0VID9o00TjyRFtHchLffMrB37FHxvWr\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfY t\u00fa?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">And you?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1y2tQXkjGEGnJZO_l17EgsFQMSOREaO2z\/view?usp=drive_link\">Todo bien.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">Everything&#8217;s fine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fOjDB8XIr9kPM_-CuxISP7Cj_VmTY-Ij\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy muy bien.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 1.44928%; height: 15px;\">I&#8217;m very well.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 180px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Courtesy expressions (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Courtesy expressions (English)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-7mOGTddlI-P0ddHXI-MSCYbW0TMmtdN\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mucho gusto.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wjcM9IRwMNn0RB3qLw9z72VoMSIi1n5M\/view?usp=drive_link\">Un placer conocerte.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Pleasure (to meet you).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1f_Krr16WmYDOAUXlyC9NCfq8HyO4iW0z\/view?usp=drive_link\">Encantado<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RZe6DxBuU9BW0C6ZVg7l3EIr4-VTbQCc\/view?usp=drive_link\">a.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to meet you.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYYgzzCMaNvrVIrOxZFHrEG0xdKCLLJf\/view?usp=drive_link\">Gusto en verte.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Nice to see you.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kbhXNUVTGN_tgYpjHoK4S2vCKw4nUsEZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Igualmente.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Likewise.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1mSb1BrRMb-qupLcoviuEpUZvzMWBZkB_\/view?usp=drive_link\">El gusto es m\u00edo.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">The pleasure is mine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18IySdqB018s-yENezQyTMekRqA3mDj0F\/view?usp=drive_link\">Saludos a _______<\/a>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Say hi to ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18egFnW0PSPBDDhf5mKl-MnV4-7eOBkJw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Gracias.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Thank you.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1mWdLQriEhNBZ052qDvXUavc7KcdpBr45\/view?usp=drive_link\">De nada.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">You\u2019re welcome.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oHYQ7BSjP9C_v271efoRR-Q06A0erjNU\/view?usp=drive_link\">Perd\u00f3n.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me \/ Sorry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.3292%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kVfqJD1_S65n4sFwk7LW2zsvRLnfTYOY\/view?usp=drive_link\">Con permiso.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6345%; height: 15px;\">Excuse me (moving through people).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Introducing oneself and others<\/strong> <strong>(Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\"><strong>Introducing oneself and others<\/strong> <strong>(English)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oanzwXWrL5YeAQ-Ad9KLvmhLsMukdTz2\/view?usp=drive_link\">Te presento a _____<\/a>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">This is (I present; informal) _____.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GOeAS4YPdMSwbCmcc7mwp0Z4aPmbUSZL\/view?usp=drive_link\">Le presento a _____.<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">This is (I present; formal) _____.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYV-UgfJAtYRF9qMmW171LX4DHZBycTw\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00c9l<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1q8GE062CxggM4sJcZ8o65PNMMu6CoHpO\/view?usp=drive_link\">ella) es<\/a> ______.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">He\/she\/it is ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1icIroN3gtsNtvAcypVpCLqrl-Yblv1HT\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me llamo<\/a> _________.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">My name is (I call myself) ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12lfCKpD-c4tf7SUNvqDAoUdMCv-iQyiu\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mi nombre es<\/a> ____.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">My name is ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DKVtkAMPdYaJogBnkwqqWUZWDeZdfqhq\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo te llamas?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">What\u2019s your (informal) name?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1jJ45U5NkCT9VmbK9ECVABCOfL3IO8Qkl\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">What\u2019s your (formal) name?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15R70rBFVktk3HFCGmGtu64f6WeFaaUQ4\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde eres?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">Where are you (informal) from?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Jx0zPMHNasz0GXtZiGiidEZ2gbpEf3_O\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">Where are you (formal) from?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">Soy de _________.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">I am from ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%; height: 15px;\">(Yo) <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xkwRVYpg4ATU1ZYotKdSmRZya4x2piLm\/view?usp=drive_link\">soy<\/a> _______.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.3445%; height: 15px;\">I am ______.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 420px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><strong>High-frequency words and phrases<\/strong> <strong>(Espa\u00f1ol)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\"><strong>High-frequency words and phrases<\/strong> <strong>(English)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1nTg7nVpykUeyE7O7rE_uUc1_pzGwHuhi\/view?usp=drive_link\">El chico<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/181JoaLspJWSo6yqB32PvrfyLvH-nB0NR\/view?usp=drive_link\">la chica<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Boy\/girl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JzPq3UEtQSEPOwA_hsGz2wHwjnJtUUd2\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estudiante<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19dKfNc5cHsmpIJ1HWYover6fxpQK_Tkj\/view?usp=drive_link\">la estudiante<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1S8E1yvlfIMWwadCbtGX4KGoo5E3jSkMd\/view?usp=drive_link\">La universidad<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1zz98y9Gy7R5hVQ_8k3pHBd0yZeYct_WF\/view?usp=drive_link\">El perro<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Dog<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RC8ckXKk7tAbG3uLfCUl68fgP7ozkrnw\/view?usp=drive_link\">El carro<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19hstPquHQ0z_LSHMH7Lrlz_cIwehAtqR\/view?usp=drive_link\">el coche<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Car<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ikn43pqqX7S2l2ZdNUsQFRcr1Tntoq5T\/view?usp=drive_link\">El amigo<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gWwtrd9cr4HWLGILJpqTRsltmP2kQJ_r\/view?usp=drive_link\">la amiga<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Friend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sevYFd7TdwvtmUbOp7VXZtj6ic2oIaP1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Bueno<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1nsyM7fBDRzpQpVgwJkQkePM2appjFzUJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">a<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HudEXdgSIUNoDwM7VxvipHwcuBZnBKwr\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1AgjsKjtTW3glzXYsIlWu8G7e9qxMzSqS\/view?usp=drive_link\">T\u00fa<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">You (informal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1siuQ1-qLK8XG-pbP1-B5knxx7QPD9obI\/view?usp=drive_link\">Usted<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">You (formal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1LXxSV1ggbrNsosjSNJps2CDRXFo10ldR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ella<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">She<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rYV-UgfJAtYRF9qMmW171LX4DHZBycTw\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00c9l<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">He<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Vl6yb2UgK-yZO3c6wAsD9EMGxIy2fpR_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tengo<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">I have<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1J5476mZ0Gg2bE7kdNUCV6oc2TFUEpP56\/view?usp=drive_link\">La clase<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GTFgITjxwXXNwTVMDHQZpp88w0PHjatF\/view?usp=drive_link\">El libro<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sKjlJlOGgc6yCnm8mSAxkP4l5ZUlvcZ1\/view?usp=drive_link\">La mochila<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Backpack<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NwmeN1sWutg5Hxc5PbG5GAQZDURspQeK\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estacionamiento<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Parking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NwmeN1sWutg5Hxc5PbG5GAQZDURspQeK\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ahora<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Now<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1hoVKXi4XWoFkm-xIdrrSab4HLSbFf_qt\/view?usp=drive_link\">Profesor<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Wu32Sl2QnRrHW_yaBVupEFEBI1lzxdF2\/view?usp=drive_link\">profesora<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Professor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FPi78hEAAKI707iw3op-qdETcOEkwrby\/view?usp=drive_link\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo\u2026?<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">How\u2026?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RfsYtHbNmf69NHvwwWezOObpDHoTl498\/view?usp=drive_link\">Mi<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">My<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/11eqa085AbPuIeOhBbX-DkcHGK21Oaouy\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tu<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Your<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1IwIk8k2uwfWhdzOM0Bt86eBioxNMQrzC\/view?usp=drive_link\">Su<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">His\/her\/your\/their<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QVsEK6gb_dpj7urQA-H5oBmjS2RU1JzZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Ser<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">To be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OCtSlIA5-YbzdC2TFBlFvuVXeiv1HYZB\/view?usp=drive_link\">El vecino<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fqI46GYqPmbBNDMIpUNCY2nwOjA1Q9Rp\/view?usp=drive_link\">la vecina<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Neighbor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/181JoaLspJWSo6yqB32PvrfyLvH-nB0NR\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hijo<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1sexs04_pMScpOIJEFzTQllTsnXZZk1DR\/view?usp=drive_link\">la hija<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">Son\/daughter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 24.6193%; height: 15px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ct7ahrH_UwNmYE03vnVUREXz7Fb_i_93\/view?usp=drive_link\">Y<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.562%; height: 15px;\">And<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.13. Formal or informal<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Read the following dialogues and then decide whether each is part of a formal or informal conversation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u2014\u00a1Hola! \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u2014Bien, \u00bfy t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">informal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-13\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-13\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"13\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.13 Formal or informal. Read the following dialogues and then decide whether it is part of a formal or informal conversation.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.14. \u00bfQu\u00e9 decimos?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Decide which expression from the box to use in each situation. Use each expression only once.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-14\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-14\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"14\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 decimos? Drag the correct expression to situations a-d\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.15. Una conversaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Complete the following conversation using the expressions from the list. You may only use an expression one time.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-29\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-29\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"29\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.15. Una conversaci\u00f3n\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.16. Mucho gusto<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You are meeting many new people at school. First, decide the best register, formal (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span>) or informal (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/em>), to use with each person, then write an appropriate greeting for each person.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>The dean of your school, Dr. Glass<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Formal\u2014Buenas tardes, Dra. Glass.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a. Your Spanish Professor, Dr. P\u00e9rez<\/p>\n<p>b. Your roomate, Claudia<\/p>\n<p>c. Your roommate&#8217;s mother<\/p>\n<p>d. Your academic advisor<\/p>\n<p>e. Your Spanish classmate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.17. Di\u00e1logos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch each of the following videos. For each one, decide whether the interaction is formal or informal and then answer the additional questions.<\/p>\n<p>1. Nicky y Melissa<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Cap\u00edtulo 1\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3kOPU6wLaEA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Do they know each other or are they meeting for the first time? How do you know?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. How does Melissa ask Nicky how she is?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What do you think \u201c<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span>\u201d means?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2.Robin y Deysi<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Capitul\u00f3 1 soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-579H9KU5ho?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Where are Robin and Deysi from?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What phrase does Robin use that Deysi does not know?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What does the phrase mean and where is it from?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3.Melissa, Nicky y \u00c1lvaro<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Cap\u00edtulo 1\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0m5l8vWNQZE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Which two friends know each other?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Which two people are being introduced?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">d. What is the cultural question that comes up?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>4. Manuela y \u00c1lvaro<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Cap\u00edtulo 1\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Oschf0tp7pQ?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. What is different about the greeting in this video versus the other videos you have seen?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What similarities does this video share with the other videos?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5.Ana, Priscila, Mariangel y Tiffany<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-5\" title=\"Cap\u00edtulo 1 soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XOu0hWpNruU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. \u00bfFormal o informal?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Which two friends know each other? How do you know?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. What words do they use to introduce their other friends?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.18. Di\u00e1logos auditivos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Read the following dialogues. Then decide whether the dialogues are formal and informal and write the words that you hear that indicate formality or informality.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: \u00a1Hola! Me llamo Isaac. \u00bfY t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Yo me llamo Claudia. Mucho gusto, Isaac.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: El gusto es m\u00edo, Claudia. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Estoy m\u00e1s o menos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfFormal o <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">informal<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>? Clues: __<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Y<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">C\u00f3mo<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">est\u00e1s<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><strong>__________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.Di\u00e1logo 1<\/p>\n<p>Gustavo: Buenas tardes, se\u00f1orita. Mi nombre es Gustavo Ram\u00edrez.<\/p>\n<p>Laura: Buenas tardes, se\u00f1or Ram\u00edrez. Mi nombre es Laura P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n<p>Gustavo: Mucho gusto, se\u00f1orita P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n<p>Laura: El placer es m\u00edo, se\u00f1or Ram\u00edrez.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2.Di\u00e1logo 2<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9ctor: Hola Samuel, \u00bfc\u00f3mo va todo?<\/p>\n<p>Samuel: Muy bien, gracias. Y t\u00fa, \u00bfc\u00f3mo est\u00e1s?<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9ctor: Bien tambi\u00e9n. Samuel, ella es mi\u00a0 amiga Carmen.<\/p>\n<p>Samuel: Mucho gusto, Carmen.<\/p>\n<p>Carmen: Encantada, Samuel.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:<\/p>\n<p>3.Di\u00e1logo 3<\/p>\n<p>Sr. L\u00f3pez: Se\u00f1or Tejo, \u00bfc\u00f3mo est\u00e1 usted?<\/p>\n<p>Sr. Tejo: Muy bien, gracias, se\u00f1or L\u00f3pez. \u00bfY usted?<\/p>\n<p>Sr. L\u00f3pez: Muy bien tambi\u00e9n, gracias. Sr. Tejo, quiero presentarle a la se\u00f1ora Helena Garc\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>Sr. Tejo: Encantado, se\u00f1ora Garc\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>Sra. Helena Garc\u00eda: El gusto es m\u00edo, Sr. Tejo.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfFormal o informal? Clues:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 1.19. Vamos a presentarnos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You need to introduce yourself to a classmate in Spanish.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014You will need to do the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Greet your classmate.<\/li>\n<li>Introduce yourself and say what your name is.<\/li>\n<li>Use a courtesy expression to say that it is a pleasure to meet your classmate or to say that it is a pleasure to meet them too.<\/li>\n<li>Say a short farewell.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Walk around the classroom and introduce yourself politely to at least five classmates. Be sure to pay attention when they introduce themselves, since you will need to remember this information for the next step.<\/p>\n<p>Use some of the negotiation words below if you need to:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo? (What?)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Repite, por favor. (Can you repeat that, please?)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">M\u00e1s despacio, por favor. (Speak slower, please.)<\/p>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014You have met many new students and you want to introduce them to each other. Work with two partners to role-play a situation in which you introduce them to each other. You will need to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Greet your classmates.<\/li>\n<li>Introduce one classmate to the other one.<\/li>\n<li>Exchange courtesy expressions.<\/li>\n<li>Say good-bye.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.20. Situaciones<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>With a partner, role-play the following situations.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>You see your Spanish teacher at Starbucks. Greet him or her, ask him or her how he or she is doing, and then say good-bye.<\/li>\n<li>You see your friend in the cafeteria. Greet him or her, ask him or her how he or she is doing, and then say good-bye.<\/li>\n<li>You meet someone new. Greet him or her, introduce yourself, and ask him or her what his or her name is. Tell him or her that it is a pleasure to meet him or her. Say good-bye.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a id=\"V\"><\/a>V. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Video entrevistas<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 1.21. \u00a1Soy yo!<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch each of the following videos of native speakers introducing themselves. Then, fill in the blanks with information about them.<\/p>\n<p>Persona 1<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-6\" title=\"Cap\u00edtulo 1, soy yo!\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oYUC_Vv8sRc?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 2<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-7\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G04BVtSHBR0?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 3<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-8\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ni9PvhMcQZ8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 4<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-9\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vlJTNJ7A5FA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 5<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-10\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MBqtoI9iWnE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 6<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-11\" title=\"capitulo, 1 soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ro2N0ap06Y8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 7<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-12\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qZwBpqyxbtU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 8<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-13\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bSDib-VFrXY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 9<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-14\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3780nWBXzcU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 10<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-15\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xyi_uhpiESM?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Persona 11<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-16\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MQ064pHkka4?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">a. Se llama ___________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Es de ______________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. Write any additional information you learned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 1.22. When do I use usted?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch the following video to learn about some of the differences in physical greetings and use of <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span><\/em>, <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">vos<\/span><\/em>, and <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">usted<\/span><\/em> in the Spanish-speaking world. Then, based on what you learn, answer the following questions.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-17\" title=\"Capitul\u00f3 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/biXk9apsTTo?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you were to meet a new person your own age in a Spanish-speaking country, what physical gesture would you use to greet them? Would it differ if it were a man or a woman? What words would you use to refer to that person?<\/li>\n<li>If you were to meet a new person who was older than you or clearly a person of authority in a Spanish-speaking country, what physical gestures would you use to greet them? What words would you use to refer to that person?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would greet with one or two kisses if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would use the words <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vos<\/em><\/span> with, if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make a list of at least five people you would use the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>usted<\/em><\/span> with, if you were from a Spanish-speaking country.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"VI\"><\/a>VI. <span style=\"color: #993300;\">Gram\u00e1tica<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>1-A. The verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span> is the impersonal form of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>haber<\/em><\/span>, which means \u201cto be\u201d or \u201cto have.\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Hay<\/em><\/span> means \u201cthere is\u201d and \u201cthere are,\u201d and it is used to indicate the presence of people, things, places, and so on.<\/p>\n<p>See the following examples:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> unos estudiantes en la clase.<\/p>\n<p>(There are some students in the class.)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_238\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-238\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-238\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"Boys gathered around school laptop.\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-1536x1072.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-65x45.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-225x157.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163-350x244.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image163.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-238\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-using-silver-macbook-indoors-3401403\/\">Boy Using Silver Macbook Indoor<\/a> by Agung Pandit Wiguna, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> una estudiante en la biblioteca.<\/p>\n<p>(There is a student in the library.)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_239\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-239\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-239\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a girl in a blue sweatshirt reading a book in a library\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image165.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-using-silver-macbook-indoors-3401403\/\">Woman Wearing Blue Jacket Sitting on Chair Near Table Reading Books<\/a> by George Dolgikh licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> un perro d\u00e1lmata.<\/p>\n<p>(There is a dalmatian dog.)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_240\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-240\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-240\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a dalmatian dog looking up\" width=\"191\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-684x1024.jpg 684w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-768x1150.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-1026x1536.jpg 1026w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-65x97.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-225x337.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164-350x524.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image164.jpg 1335w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-240\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-wearing-blue-jacket-sitting-on-chair-near-table-reading-books-1326947\/\">Dalmatian Sitting White Surface<\/a> by Kasuma licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Hay<\/strong> unos chicos en el parque con una guitarra.<\/p>\n<p>(There are some young people in the park with a guitar.)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_241\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-241\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-241\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a group of people who are at the park with a guitar\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image167.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-241\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/a-photo-of-a-man-strumming-on-acoustic-guitar-3776872\/\">A Photo of a Man Strumming on Acoustic Guitar<\/a> by Andrea Piacquadio, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span> can also be used to ask questions. Its meaning then changes to \u201cIs there\u2026?\u201d and \u201cAre there\u2026?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>See the following examples:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_243\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-243\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-243\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of woman reading a book at the library\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-768x582.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-1536x1165.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-225x171.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166-350x265.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image166.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-reading-book-256455\/\">Woman Reading Book<\/a> by Pixabay, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u2014\u00bf<strong>Hay<\/strong> una biblioteca en tu universidad? (Is there a library in your university?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2014S\u00ed, <strong>hay<\/strong> una biblioteca grande. (Yes, there is a big library.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_244\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-244\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-244\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of someone sitting down with a backpack and reading a book\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-65x97.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-225x337.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168-350x525.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image168.jpg 1333w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/photo-of-woman-sitting-on-chair-1478476\/\">Photo of Woman Sitting On Chair<\/a> by Ray Piedra, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\u2014\u00bf<strong>Hay<\/strong> una computadora en la mochila? (Is there a computer in your backpack?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2014No, no <strong>hay<\/strong> una computadora. <strong>Hay<\/strong> muchos libros en la mochila. (No, there is not a computer. There are many books in the backpack.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.23. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hay?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Determine if the following statements about your university are true (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">cierto<\/span><\/em>) or false (<em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">falso<\/span><\/em>).<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Cierto<\/td>\n<td>Falso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1. Hay un restaurante de comida r\u00e1pida (fast food) en la universidad.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2. Hay un problema para encontrar estacionamiento (find parking).<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. Hay personas muy inteligentes y simp\u00e1ticas.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4. Hay perros en la universidad.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5. En las clases siempre hay muchos estudiantes.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6. Hay clases por la noche.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.24. \u00bfQu\u00e9 m\u00e1s hay en tu universidad?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Think about what else there is in your university and write down as many items as you can. Be ready to share your list with the class.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hay muchos profesores.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.<\/p>\n<p>2.<\/p>\n<p>3.<\/p>\n<p>4.<\/p>\n<p>5.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1-B. Cardinal numbers<\/h2>\n<p>Cardinal numbers like one, two, three, and four are used to indicate quantity in both English and Spanish.<\/p>\n<h3>Numbers zero through thirty<\/h3>\n<p>The number <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>uno<\/em><\/span> agrees in gender with the noun it modifies. It drops the -o before a masculine noun and adds an -a before a feminine noun. This also applies to numbers that end in -uno like <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>veintiuno<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un<\/strong> libro<\/p>\n<p><strong>Una<\/strong> mochila<\/p>\n<p><strong>Veinti\u00fan<\/strong> libros<\/p>\n<p>Notice the accent mark over the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>u<\/em><\/span> in <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>veinti\u00fan<\/em><\/span> to stress the sound.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Veintiuna<\/strong> mochilas<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the feminine form does not add the accent mark.<\/p>\n<p>Also note that numbers zero through thirty are only one word.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cero<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecis\u00e9is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">uno<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecisiete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">dos<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">dieciocho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">tres<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diecinueve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cuatro<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">cinco<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintiuno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">seis<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintid\u00f3s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">siete<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintitr\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">ocho<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinticuatro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">nueve<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veinticinco<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">diez<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>26<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintis\u00e9is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">once<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>27<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintisiete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">doce<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>28<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintiocho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">trece<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>29<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">veintinueve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">catorce<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>30<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">treinta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\">quince<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In Spanish, just like in English, these numbers are placed before nouns.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hay<\/span> <strong>tres<\/strong> libros.<\/p>\n<p>Hay <strong>cuatro<\/strong> estudiantes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.25. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos hay?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Look at the image and answer the questions indicating the quantity in each image.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos veh\u00edculos hay?<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 492px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image11.jpg\" alt=\"picture of a red ferrari with other cars in the background.\" width=\"492\" height=\"369\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/red-ferrari-337909\/\">Photo of Red Ferrari<\/a><\/span> by Pavlo Luchkovski, licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hay <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">siete<\/span> <\/span>veh\u00edculos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-16\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-16\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"16\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.25 \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos hay?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.26. Tu universidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Answer the following questions in complete sentences.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas bibliotecas hay en tu universidad?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Hay dos bibliotecas en mi universidad.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos estudiantes hay en tu clase de espa\u00f1ol? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos chicos hay? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas chicas hay?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas computadoras hay en tu clase de espa\u00f1ol?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos libros hay en tu mochila?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas capillas (chapels) hay en tu universidad?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos lugares (places) para estudiar (study) hay en tu universidad?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.27. Tus jugadores favoritos y los deportes<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Answer the following questions about sports and your favorite players.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de b\u00e9isbol? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Mi jugador favorito de b\u00e9isbol es Cal Ripken Jr. Su n\u00famero es el ocho.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de la NFL? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos\u00a0 jugadores hay en una alineaci\u00f3n (line-up) de un equipo de f\u00fatbol americano?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfHay otro deporte con el mismo n\u00famero de jugadores (same number of players)?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito de la NBA? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n es tu jugador favorito en otro deporte? \u00bfTiene un n\u00famero espec\u00edfico?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.28. Tus preguntas<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Take turns with a partner asking and responding to questions using the verb form <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>hay<\/em><\/span>. Make sure that you ask at least five questions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos estudiantes hay en la clase hoy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Hay veintid\u00f3s estudiantes en la clase hoy.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1-C. Gender and number of nouns<\/h2>\n<h3>The gender of nouns<\/h3>\n<p>In English, the gender of a noun is generally not indicated, and therefore, there is no need to modify a noun to show that it is masculine or feminine. Spanish, on the other hand, does make this distinction. All nouns are either masculine or feminine. There are several \u201crules\u201d that help us identify the gender of nouns.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Most nouns that end in -o are generally masculine. Masculine nouns that end in -o can be made feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a.<\/li>\n<li>Most nouns that end in -a are feminine.<\/li>\n<li>Most nouns that end in -ci\u00f3n, -si\u00f3n, -ez, -tud, -dad, and -tad are feminine.<\/li>\n<li>Most nouns that end in -ma, -pa, -ta, -aje, and -or will be masculine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There are exceptions to these rules like the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are some nouns that end in -a that are masculine, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>d\u00eda<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>sof\u00e1<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>There are some nouns that end in -o that are feminine, such as <em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">mano<\/span><\/em>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>moto<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>foto<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>There are also nouns that only have one form for the masculine and for the feminine. In order to indicate gender, an article (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>) must be used. Example: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el estudiante<\/em><\/span> (masculine noun); <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la estudiante<\/em><\/span> (feminine noun).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is recommended that as you learn a new word, you also memorize its gender, since the gender of nouns that end in other consonants or vowels cannot be determined just by looking at them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.29. \u00bfMasculino o femenino?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Determine whether the following nouns are masculine (m) or feminine (f).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Universidad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>f (It\u2019s a feminine noun because it ends in -dad.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-17\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-17\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"17\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.29. \u00bfMasculino o femenino?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>The number of nouns<\/h3>\n<p>The number of a noun can be singular or plural. That is to say, the number indicates whether you are talking about one item or multiple ones. In English, a singular noun can be made plural by adding -s to the singular form.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p>boy\u2014boys<\/p>\n<p>house\u2014houses<\/p>\n<p>book\u2014books<\/p>\n<p>In Spanish, there are also rules that indicate how to turn a singular noun into a plural one.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the noun ends in a vowel, then add -s to the end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>chic<strong>o<\/strong>\u2014chico<strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>vecin<strong>a<\/strong>\u2014vecina<strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>perr<strong>o<\/strong>\u2014perro<strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>estudiant<strong>e<\/strong>\u2014estudiante<strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the noun ends in a consonant, add -es to the end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>universidad\u2014universidades<\/p>\n<p>pape<strong>l<\/strong>\u2014papel<strong>es<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>flo<strong>r<\/strong>\u2014flor<strong>es<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the nouns ends in -z, the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>z<\/em><\/span> then changes to <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>c<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>l\u00e1pi<strong>z<\/strong>\u2014l\u00e1pi<strong>c<\/strong>es<\/p>\n<p>feli<strong>z<\/strong>\u2014feli<strong>c<\/strong>es<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.30. Sustantivos plurales<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Make the following nouns plural.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>d\u00eda &#8211;<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>d\u00edas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-18\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-18\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"18\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.30. Sustantivos plurales\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1-D. Definite and indefinite articles<\/h2>\n<p>Definite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>) and indefinite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>a<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>an<\/em><\/span>) are words that are generally placed before nouns. They indicate whether the identity of the noun is known or specified (definite) or unknown or unspecified (indefinite). For example, if you say \u201cI\u2019m going to the game,\u201d by using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>, you are referring to a specific game that has already been introduced into the conversation or is so well known that the person you are speaking with will automatically know which game you are talking about. If you say \u201cI\u2019m going to a game,\u201d then it might be any game, and the person you are speaking to likely does not know which specific game you are talking about.<\/p>\n<p>In Spanish, there are also definite and indefinite articles, and they serve the same purpose\u2014that is, indicating whether the specific identity of the object is known to the individuals being spoken to. However, while in English there is only one definite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>the<\/em><\/span>) and two indefinite articles (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>a<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>an<\/em><\/span>), in Spanish there are four definite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>los<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>las<\/em><\/span>) and four indefinite (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unos<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unas<\/em><\/span>) articles. The reason there are four is because they have to agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they modify. For plural indefinite articles in English, the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>some<\/em><\/span> is often used, as in \u201cI need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0f7d99; text-decoration: underline;\">some<\/span><\/span> new clothes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Take a look at the examples below and consider why the definite or indefinite article is used in each case.<\/p>\n<p>(Two friends talking) Are you going to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">the<\/span> store?\u2014\u00bfVas a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">la<\/span> tienda?<\/p>\n<p>(Two friends talking) Do you want to play <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> game?\u2014\u00bfQuieres jugar <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> juego?<\/p>\n<p>(Professor to students) Take out <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">the<\/span> book.\u2014Saquen <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">el<\/span> libro.<\/p>\n<p>(Student to bookstore employee) I need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> good book.\u2014Necesito <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> buen libro.<\/p>\n<p>The definite articles are:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Singular noun<\/td>\n<td>Plural noun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Masculine noun<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>el<\/td>\n<td>los<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Feminine noun<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>la<\/td>\n<td>las<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_246\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-246\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-246 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of little boy running through the grass\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-684x1024.jpg 684w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-768x1150.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-1026x1536.jpg 1026w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-65x97.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-225x337.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16-350x524.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image16.jpg 1335w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-246\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/boy-running-during-sunset-1416736\/\">Boy Running during Sunset<\/a> by Jonas Mohamadi, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_247\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-247\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-247\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of woman reading a book in a tree\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-65x97.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-225x337.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17-350x525.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image17.jpg 1333w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-in-white-and-black-floral-dress-wearing-brown-hat-sitting-on-brown-tree-5530604\/\">Woman in White and Black Floral Dress Wearing Brown Hat Sitting on Brown Tree<\/a> by RODNAE Productions, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>El<\/strong> chic<strong>o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chico<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is singular (there is only one). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>La<\/strong> chic<strong>a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chica<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is singular (there is only one). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_248\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-248\" style=\"width: 199px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-248\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of of kids with a clear umbrella\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-678x1024.jpg 678w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-768x1160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-65x98.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-225x340.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18-350x528.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image18.jpg 1324w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-248\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/toddler-holding-umbrella-beside-girl-1619716\/\">Toddler Holding Umbrella Beside Girl<\/a> by Victoria Borodinova, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_249\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-249\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-249\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of two women taking a selfie\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image19.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-holding-silver-iphone-5s-1090393\/\">Woman Holding Silver Iphone 5s<\/a> by Vinicius Wiesehofer, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Los<\/strong> chic<strong>os<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chicos<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is plural (there are two boys). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>los<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Las<\/strong> chic<strong>as<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Chicas<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is plural (there are two girls). Therefore, the definite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>las<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.31. Art\u00edculos definidos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Select the correct definite article to go with the noun.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">Los<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong>__amigos<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-19\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-19\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"19\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.31. Art\u00edculos definidos\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1-E. Indefinite articles<\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned above, indefinite articles are used when the specific identity of the object is either unknown to the speaker or listener or not yet specified. See the following examples of the use of indefinite articles:<\/p>\n<p>Do you want to go to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0f7d99; text-decoration: underline;\">a<\/span><\/span> restaurant?\u2014\u00bfQuieres ir a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">un<\/span> restaurante?<\/p>\n<p>I need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">a<\/span> new shirt.\u2014Necesito <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">una<\/span> camisa nueva.<\/p>\n<p>I plan to watch <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">some<\/span> movies this weekend.\u2014Pienso mirar <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">unas<\/span> pel\u00edculas este fin de semana.<\/p>\n<p>Do you need <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">some<\/span> markers?\u2014\u00bfNecesitas <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0f7d99;\">unos<\/span> marcadores?<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Singular noun<\/td>\n<td>Plural noun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Masculine noun<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>un<\/td>\n<td>unos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Feminine noun<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>una<\/td>\n<td>unas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libro<\/em><\/span> is masculine noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Mochila<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 120px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_251\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-251\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-251\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-190x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of book laying on the ground by tree roots with leaves\" width=\"190\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-649x1024.jpg 649w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-768x1212.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-974x1536.jpg 974w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-65x103.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-225x355.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20-350x552.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image20.jpg 1267w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/opened-book-on-tree-root-3358707\/\">Opened Book on Tree Root<\/a> by Rikka Ameboshi, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_252\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-252\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-252\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a hand holding a black backpack\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-65x97.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-225x337.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1-350x525.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image1.jpg 1333w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/person-holding-black-backpack-3731256\/\">Person Holding Black Backpack<\/a> by Luis Quintero, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Un<\/strong> libr<strong>o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libro<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is singular (there is one book). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>un<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Una<\/strong> mochil<strong>a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">Mochila<\/span><\/em> is a feminine noun and it is singular (there is one backpack). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and singular: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>una<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_253\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-253\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-253\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of black shelf full of books\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image2.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/books-in-black-wooden-book-shelf-159711\/\">Books in Black Wooden Book Shelf<\/a> by Pixabay, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels license<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_254\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-254\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-254\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of individuals wearing backpacks walking outside\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2021\/10\/image3.jpg 1999w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/people-wearing-backpacks-1454360\/\">People Wearing Backpacks<\/a> by Stanley Morales, licensed under Pexels license<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Unos<\/strong> libr<strong>os<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Libros<\/em><\/span> is a masculine noun and it is plural (there are two books). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also masculine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unos<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Unas<\/strong> mochil<strong>as<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Mochilas<\/em><\/span> is a feminine noun and it is plural (there are many backpacks). Therefore, the indefinite article used must agree in gender and number with the noun and must be also feminine and plural: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>unas<\/em><\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.32. Art\u00edculos indefinidos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Select the correct indefinite article to go with the noun.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">unas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong>__ clases<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-20\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-20\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"20\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.32. Art\u00edculos indefinidos\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 1.33. Oraciones<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Complete each sentence with the correct definite or indefinite article.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>__<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">La<\/span><\/span>__ profesora de matem\u00e1ticas es muy inteligente.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-21\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-21\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"21\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.33. Oraciones\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1-F. El verbo <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Almost all sentences need a verb. We use verbs for many things, such as expressing actions, recurrences, or states of being. One of the most common verbs in Spanish is the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span>, which in English means \u201cto be.\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Ser<\/em><\/span> is an irregular verb, so it is conjugated differently than other verbs you will learn in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The forms of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> are:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Subject pronoun<\/td>\n<td>Singular form of the verb<\/td>\n<td>Subject pronoun<\/td>\n<td>Plural form of the verb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>yo<\/td>\n<td>soy<\/td>\n<td>nosotros<\/td>\n<td>somos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>t\u00fa<\/td>\n<td>eres<\/td>\n<td>vosotros<\/td>\n<td>sois<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>usted<\/td>\n<td>es<\/td>\n<td>ustedes<\/td>\n<td>son<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00e9l\/ella<\/td>\n<td>es<\/td>\n<td>ellos\/ellas<\/td>\n<td>son<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> is used to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify people, places, and things.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> Ana. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una chica. Esta <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la clase de matem\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Express inherent qualities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Ella <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una buena amiga.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Express possession.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> su profesora.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Indicate nationality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde <strong><span class=\"b\">eres<\/span><\/strong>? <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> de Puerto Rico.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Indicate profession.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una estudiante.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Express dates and times.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Hoy <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> lunes. <strong><span class=\"b\">Son<\/span><\/strong> las dos de la tarde.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Express dates, times, and locations of events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">El concierto <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> el 18 de mayo. <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> a las 2:00 de la tarde. <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> en el parque central de la ciudad.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p>Read the following paragraphs to see how Ana and the members of her community use the verb <em>ser<\/em>\u00a0to present, identify, and describe themselves.<\/p>\n<p class=\"psec\"><span class=\"b\"><strong>Ana<\/strong><strong>\u2014Soy<\/strong><\/span> Ana. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> una chica y una estudiante en la Universidad Marian. Mi clase favorita <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la clase de matem\u00e1ticas. <strong><span class=\"b\">Soy<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi amigo y la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi vecina.<\/p>\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Ana introducing Carlos y Jennifer\u2014<\/span><\/strong>Estos <strong><span class=\"b\">son<\/span><\/strong> Carlos y Jennifer. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> un chico y Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una chica. Tambi\u00e9n <strong><span class=\"b\">son<\/span><\/strong> estudiantes en la Universidad Marian y <strong>son<\/strong> mis amigos. Carlos <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Fort Wayne, Indiana, pero su familia <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Argentina. Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> de Puerto Rico. <strong><span class=\"b\">Son<\/span><\/strong> atl\u00e9ticos y su deporte favorito <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> el f\u00fatbol. Jennifer <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> muy talentosa.<\/p>\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Ana introducing la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez\u2014<\/span><\/strong>Ella <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> la Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez y <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> mi vecina. <strong>Es<\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis. Su perro <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> Luca. La Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> una buena persona y Luca <strong><span class=\"b\">es<\/span><\/strong> un buen perro.<\/p>\n<p class=\"psec\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Dra. Garc\u00eda\u2014<\/span><\/strong>\u201cHola Ana, <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> la Dra. Garc\u00eda y <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> profesora de matem\u00e1ticas. <strong><span class=\"b\">Eres<\/span><\/strong> mi estudiante, \u00bfno? \u00bf<strong><span class=\"b\">Eres<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis? \u00a1Yo tambi\u00e9n <strong><span class=\"b\">soy<\/span><\/strong> de Indian\u00e1polis! <strong><span class=\"b\">Es<\/span><\/strong> un placer conocerte, Ana.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.34.<\/span> Comprehension check<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">Determine whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">cierto<\/span><\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">falso<\/span><\/em><\/span> according to the text above.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-22\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-22\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"22\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad interpretativa 1.34. Comprehension check\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.35.<\/span> Usos de <span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">Using the paragraphs above, identify two examples of how <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/em><\/span> is used for each of the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Saying one\u2019s name or identifying people, places and things.<\/li>\n<li>Describing one\u2019s profession.<\/li>\n<li>Identifying inherent qualities.<\/li>\n<li>Indicate nationality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.36.<\/span> Las conjugaciones de <span class=\"i\">ser<\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">Fill in the blank with the correct conjugation of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> to complete the sentences about Ana and her neighborhood.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Yo __<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"bu\" style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">soy<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"b\"><strong>__ Ana<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-23\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-23\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"23\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.36. Las conjugaciones de ser\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.37.<\/span> Ana se presenta<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span> to help Ana introduce herself and her friends.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Yo __<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"bu\" style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">soy<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"b\"><strong>__ Ana<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-24\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-24\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"24\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.37. Ana se presenta\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 1.38.<\/span> Identificaciones<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Read the following information cards and write complete sentences to identify the people indicated. Use the model as a guide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Nombre: Marta<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Origen: Illinois, EEUU<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ocupaci\u00f3n: profesora<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Caracter\u00edsticas: extrovertida, optimista<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Es Marta. Es de Illinois, EEUU. Es una profesora extrovertida y optimista.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-25\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-25\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"25\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 1.38. Identificaciones\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 1.39.<\/span> Firma con ser<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Use the chart below to learn more about your classmates. You must first write a question (using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ser<\/em><\/span>) that will help you find individuals in the class that do the following activities. Then you will ask your classmates the questions. If your classmate answers yes, they should sign your sheet. If you ask and your classmate says no, they may not sign your sheet, and you should look for someone else.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5pt\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Informaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Pregunta<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-tch\">Nombres<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\"><strong><span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\">Es atleta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\"><strong><span style=\"border: none windowtext 0pt; padding: 0;\">\u00bfEres atleta?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">1.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-td\">2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es de otro estado.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es de otro pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es extrovertido.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es introvertido.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"af3-R\">\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">Es artista o m\u00fasico.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"af3-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-td\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 1.40.<\/span> Preguntas personales<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch and listen to Nicky\u2019s questions. Pause the video between questions and prepare an answer.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-18\" title=\"Capitulo 1, soy yo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZeP2mDLSzQs?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 1.41.<\/span> Entrevista<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now that you know how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Spanish, you will complete a mini-interview with a native or heritage speaker of Spanish from your community.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Prepare your questions. Be sure you are ready to ask questions to gain the following information.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Their name.<\/li>\n<li>Where they\u2019re from.<\/li>\n<li>Their occupation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition, you should also prepare at least two additional questions (in English) about that person, their home country, and\/or their home culture. Remember that they may be from the United States and share a cultural background with you!<\/p>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Complete and record your interview. Prepare to greet your interviewee <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>appropriately<\/em><\/span> (remember that this will likely involve some physical contact) and be sure to say thank you and good-bye when you have completed the interview. You can refer back to the negotiation words in Actividad 1.19 to help you navigate in Spanish. Follow your instructor\u2019s directions for submitting the video.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014Now you should reflect on the interview experience. Consider the following questions and answer them in a paragraph or more:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How did you feel heading into the interview? Why?<\/li>\n<li>What surprised you about the interview?<\/li>\n<li>What is something you learned and\/or what is your main takeaway from this experience?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"psec\"><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"\u00a1Soy yo!","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":102,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":933,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions\/933"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}