{"id":310,"date":"2023-09-19T20:38:22","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T20:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=310"},"modified":"2025-12-30T01:12:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T01:12:48","slug":"mi-comunidad","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/chapter\/mi-comunidad\/","title":{"raw":"Mi comunidad","rendered":"Mi comunidad"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Communicative goals<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify and describe places in the community.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask for and give directions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lo\">Make purchases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lo\">Express agreement and disagreement.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lo\">Offer recommendations and opinions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"bh\"><strong>Cultural goals<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Research and present on notable places in the Spanish-speaking world.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lo\">Become familiar with and compare different currencies in the Spanish-speaking world.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lo\">Compare and contrast aspects of Spanish-speaking communities and students\u2019 home communities.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"I\"><\/a>I. <span class=\"ccust1\" style=\"color: #0f7d99;\">Tira c\u00f3mica<\/span><\/h1>\r\nIt's market day! Ana goes to the farmers market and meets up with her neighbor, Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image95.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: Ana stands holding her purse in the kitchen with her mom. Ana is wearing a yellow blouse with flowers and her mom is wearing a pink blouse and skirt with flowers. Ana says, &quot;Voy al mercado en media hora. \u00bfQu\u00e9 debo comparar?&quot; Panel 2: The panel zooms in to Ana's mother's face. &quot;Tienes raz\u00f3n, Ana. Es s\u00e1bado y d\u00eda de mercado. Necesito fruta, vegetales, y flores. El lunes puedo ir al supermercado por todo lo dem\u00e1s.&quot; Panel 3: Ana says, &quot;Est\u00e1 bien. Si necesitas otra cosa, me llamas. Voy a estar all\u00ed un rato porque siempre tienen muchas cosas que ver y hacer.&quot; Panel 4: Ana gives her mom a kiss on the cheek.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image96.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: The panel shows a scene at the local open market. Central and South American flags are hung near the top. On the left there are fruit and vegetable displays with weighing scales. On the right, there are green pears. Panel 2: There is an older shopkeeper standing in a stall, with gray hair and a gray mustache wearing a red button-down shirt. Ana says to him, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tal est\u00e1n las manzanas hoy?&quot; The man responds, &quot;Hola. Las manzanas est\u00e1n grandes y deliciosas.&quot; Panel 3: The panel zooms in on some fruit displays, with hanging scales for weighing. Off-panel, Ana says, &quot;Excelente. \u00bfMe da dos libras, por favor?&quot; The shopkeeper responds from off-panel, &quot;\u00bfPrefiere las rojas que est\u00e1n enfrente o estas verdes que est\u00e1n detr\u00e1s?&quot; Ana replies, &quot;Me gustan las rojas que est\u00e1n enfrente, al lado de las peras.&quot; Panel 4: The panel zooms in on a hanging scale filled with red apples, weighing about 2.5 lbs. From off-panel, the shopkeeper says, &quot;\u00a1Buena elecci\u00f3n! \u00bfAlgo m\u00e1s?&quot; Ana says, &quot;Eso es todo. Muchas gracias.&quot; Panel 5: Ana carries her pink purse and her bag of red apples past a red counter that says, &quot;Caf\u00e9&quot; with a barista in a green apron by a coffee maker.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image97.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: To the right of the caf\u00e9, a woman with short gray hair and a blue shirt sits at a table with a steaming cup of coffee and a yellow coffeepot. A small beige dog lays by her feet. She calls out to Ana, &quot;\u00a1Qu\u00e9 gusto verte! Ven a tomarte un caf\u00e9.&quot; Ana responds by saying &quot; Buenos d\u00edas, Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez.&quot; Panel 2: Ana sits down across from Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez and takes a second cup at her place. &quot;Claro que s\u00ed, gracias. Necesito cafe\u00edna. Hace un d\u00eda precioso y no hay nada mejor que tomar un caf\u00e9 al aire libre.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows a close-up of Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez's smiling face. She has a few wrinkles around her eyes and mouth. &quot;Temo que no estoy de acuerdo, Ana. Para m\u00ed, la compa\u00f1\u00eda es lo m\u00e1s importante.&quot; Ana reaches down to pet the dog. &quot;S\u00ed, Sra. Mart\u00ednez, es cierto.&quot; Panel 4: The panel nows zooms in on Ana's face. Off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Vengo todos los s\u00e1bados al mercado porque me recuerda mucho mi pa\u00eds, Guatemala.&quot; Ana says, &quot;Ah, \u00bfs\u00ed? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?&quot; Panel 5: &quot;Este tipo de mercado es com\u00fan all\u00e1. Tambi\u00e9n, es lindo comprar de negocios peque\u00f1os. Puedes pedir lo que necesites y ellos te lo traen si pueden,&quot; says Sra. Mart\u00ednez. The panel shows an open market, with a woman sitting on the ground with hats on a blanket in front of her, and children gathered around a yellow stand that says, &quot;arte con globos.&quot; There's a person inside the stand making teal blue balloon animal.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1038\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image98.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: Ana says, &quot;Estoy de acuerdo. A m\u00ed me gustan porque puedo ver a personas de toda la comunidad y hablar con ellas.&quot; Sra. Mart\u00ednez points behind Ana. &quot;Tambi\u00e9n a m\u00ed. Vengo siempre que est\u00e1 abierto el mercado. Mira...&quot; She points to a brown-skinned man with dark hair and beard in a yellow shirt standing behind a glass counter in front of a red brick wall. Panel 2: The panel zooms in on the man behind the counter. There is meat inside the glass case, with signs that say, &quot;Carne de res 4.99 lb&quot; and &quot;Especiales pechuga de pollo 3.99 lb.&quot; From off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;El se\u00f1or Smith tiene una carnicer\u00eda. Siempre trae productos org\u00e1nicos.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows a pale woman with shoulder-length brown hair wearing a red apron in front of a bread stand. From off-panel, Sr. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Mi amiga Laura vende el mejor pan de la ciudad. Pronto va a abrir su propia panader\u00eda.&quot; The panel shows Laura imagining a green-roofed building that says &quot;panader\u00eda&quot; and &quot;pan&quot; on it.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image99.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: The panel shows a reinforced window with a jewelry display case inside. There are signs that says &quot;Joyas&quot; and &quot;Anillos,&quot; with pictures of earings and rings. A sign on the window says, &quot;Cerrado.&quot; From off-panel Sr. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Desafortunadamente, el puesto de joyer\u00eda est\u00e1 cerrado hoy. Pero tienen joyas hechas a mano que son preciosas.&quot; Panel 2: The panel shows Sra. Mart\u00ednez imagining a police officer behind a small stand that says, &quot;Polic\u00eda&quot; with a gold badge on a blue background. Off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Y bueno, me tengo que ir. Quiero pasar por el puesto de la polic\u00eda porque quiero pedirles que hagan una presentaci\u00f3n para nuestro grupo de vecinos.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows Sra. Mart\u00ednez imagining a priest with brown skin and black hair standing next to a picture of the Virgin Mary. From off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Y despu\u00e9s, necesito hablar con el Padre Ram\u00f3n sobre una celebraci\u00f3n de la Virgen que vamos a organizar.&quot; Panel 4: The panel zooms in on Sra. Mart\u00ednez's face. She says, &quot;Gracias por tomar un caf\u00e9 conmigo. Saludos a tu madre y cu\u00eddate.&quot; Panel 5: The panel zooms in on Ana's face. She waves and says, &quot;\u00a1Adi\u00f3s!&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.1.<\/span> Comprensi\u00f3n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"73\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"II\"><\/a>II. <span class=\"ccust2\" style=\"color: #333399;\">\u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? Las comunidades en el mundo hispano<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 class=\"bhaft\">Las tiendas y la pr\u00e1ctica de comprar<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.2.<\/span> Las tiendas y la pr\u00e1ctica de comprar<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"74\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"chaft\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Las tiendas y las pr\u00e1cticas de comprar<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"pf\">Markets, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">mercados<\/span><\/em><\/span>, are both popular and important around the world. In Spanish-speaking communities across the globe, many residents shop at <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">supermercados<\/span><\/em><\/span>, or large grocery chains, as well as smaller, more local stores. Similar to the weekly farmers\u2019 markets open during the warmer months in many communities in the United States, it is very common for local vendors to come together to sell their products on a set <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">d\u00eda de mercado<\/span><\/em><\/span>. Unlike in the US, however, these days are rarely on Sundays, since, as you learned in chapter 3, Sundays are generally reserved for time with family. Other days of the week are shopping days, and it\u2019s common to visit several shops several times per week rather than making one large trip to last for a week or even two.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p\">Even amid the changes of globalization, in many parts of the world, small businesses still represent important parts of local economies and daily life for both residents and business owners. In much of the Spanish-speaking world, there are both large department store\u2013style establishments similar to Walmart and smaller shops that specialize in one particular area and operate a small business selling a specific type of merchandise.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p\">Because there are so many different types of specialized <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">tiendas<\/span><\/em><\/span> (stores), each one has its own name. <span class=\"i\">Pan<\/span> (bread) and other baked goods are sold at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">panader\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. A butcher, who sells <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">carne<\/span><\/em><\/span> (meat), owns or works at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">carnicer\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. If you are looking for the laundromat where you would <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">lavar<\/span><\/em><\/span> (wash) your clothes, you go to a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">lavander\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">Zapatos<\/span><\/em><\/span> (shoes) are sold and repaired at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">zapater\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. Don\u2019t forget about <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">juguetes<\/span><\/em><\/span> (toys), which are sold at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">jugueter\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. While in English we often refer to these places with the word <span class=\"i\">store<\/span> (bookstore, for example), in Spanish, we use a version of the word itself and add on -er\u00eda. Where do you go to buy <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">helado<\/span><\/em><\/span> (ice cream)? An <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">helader\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>, of course!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"bh\">La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.3.<\/span> La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"75\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"ch\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/h2>\r\nJust like Ana greeted the fruit vendor, it is considered good manners to greet or otherwise acknowledge the workers present in a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tienda<\/em><\/span> as you enter and to say good-bye upon leaving. This is a practice that is very common in smaller, independently run stores, even in more urban areas with higher populations.\r\n\r\nWhereas in the United States, there\u2019s a cultural emphasis on \u201ccustomer service\u201d that privileges the client\u2014you\u2019ve certainly heard the adage \u201cThe customer is always right!\u201d\u2014in Spanish-speaking countries, there tends to be a more reciprocal relationship. Along with a personal greeting, it is common for employees and store owners to provide samples and also add a bit more to the purchase than the client has asked for and paid for. This used to be a standard practice in the United States\u2014have you ever heard of a \u201cbaker\u2019s dozen\u201d?\u2014but is no longer as common. This added extra has different names in different places, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>pil\u00f3n<\/em><\/span> (Mexico) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yapa<\/em><\/span> (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador).\r\n<h2 class=\"bh\">Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.4.<\/span> Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to indicate whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> o <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span>.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"76\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"ch\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/h2>\r\nIn chapter 2, we discussed the importance of the plaza as a central meeting place for the community. Beyond simply serving as a place to meet and walk around, though, plazas are typically surrounded by, and some might even say composed of, a variety of shops, restaurants, bars, and open-air spaces for concerts and events. Many municipalities, regardless of size, maintain a cultural calendar with a variety of events and expositions that are open to the public. From concerts to lectures, plays, and festivals, plazas or town squares play host to a large quantity of activities that bring the community together. These sorts of traditions represent a cultural commonality between the United States and other Spanish-speaking countries more broadly, though of course, offerings vary from region to region.\r\n\r\nBecause of this use of the plaza or downtown area as a meeting space and the events and activities that take place there, many communities have a distinctive identity or \u201cfeel\u201d that both defines them as distinctive from other localities and sets the tone for the kind of experience individuals will have there. Whether it\u2019s a neighborhood, a district, or even an entire town, city, or region, many communities cultivate a particular identity that describes, shares, and promotes their unique features and values. This is true across the globe, though the ways in which communities cultivate and express their identities can vary greatly.\r\n\r\nIn many Spanish-speaking countries, given the influence of Catholicism, many communities celebrate their unique historical and cultural identity through celebrations related to their patron saint. Along with a multiday celebration or festival, community members often organize themselves into <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cofrad\u00edas<\/em><\/span>, or associations, that play a specific role in the unique ways in which the patron saint is venerated. Communities often pride themselves on the particular rituals involved in the celebration, which can be extremely specific to the local community.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 4.5.<\/span> Conexi\u00f3n personal<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nSelect one of the following topics to elaborate on in a detailed paragraph.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Does your hometown or city have a special character? What makes it unique? When you are looking for something to do with your friends or family, do you have a community calendar to consult? What kinds of events does it include? Where do these events take place and what is their importance and value for you, your family, and the community at large?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When you need to go shopping, do you tend to go to an <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>almac\u00e9n<\/em><\/span> (big box store) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>supermercado<\/em><\/span> or a smaller local business or market? What factors influence your decision? What are the benefits and drawbacks of shopping at each type of store?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What cultural practices do you engage in while shopping in order to be polite and courteous? What kind of behavior do you expect from store employees and other shoppers? Why might it be a good idea to take the time to acknowledge them as people before you move forward with your request?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.6.<\/span> El calendario cultural<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">What special celebrations or unique customs from Spanish-speaking countries have you heard about? Select one to research. If you need ideas, consider one of the following:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnlf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1. La Tomatina (Espa\u00f1a)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">2. El Colacho (Espa\u00f1a)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">3. El D\u00eda de los Muertos (M\u00e9xico, Guatemala)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">4. Las posadas navide\u00f1as (Am\u00e9rica Latina)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">5. Inti Raymi (Per\u00fa)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exnll\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">6. La Feria de las Flores (Colombia)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ex\">Prepare a one- to two-minute presentation, in Spanish, on this celebration. Be sure to include the following information and one visual:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">\u2022 \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la celebraci\u00f3n?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfD\u00f3nde tiene lugar?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo tiene lugar?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 existe la celebraci\u00f3n?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfC\u00f3mo celebra la comunidad?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"III\"><\/a>III. <span class=\"ccust2-i\" style=\"color: #333399;\">Ampliaci\u00f3n: Las entregas al domicilio<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 4.7.<\/span> Los diferentes tipos de mercados<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAnswer the following questions in a few complete sentences.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of your own personal shopping habits, do you think of going to stores, stands, and trucks or online shopping and mobile apps? Why? Do you expect that shopping in the Spanish-speaking world is similar to or different from your personal experience?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.8.<\/span> Las entregas al domicilio<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following article about the growth of delivery companies in Latin America: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/labsnews.com\/en\/articles\/business\/delivery-sales-have-quadrupled-in-latin-america-over-the-last-five-years\/\">https:\/\/labsnews.com\/en\/articles\/business\/delivery-sales-have-quadrupled-in-latin-america-over-the-last-five-years\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then use the information from the article to indicate whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> o <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"77\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.9.<\/span> Last-mile delivery<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">Now that you understand the importance of the food industry and food delivery in Latin America, read the following article, which provides more detail on investment in online sales and delivery services: <a href=\"https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2022\/mexico-delivery-apps-funding-survival\/.\">https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2022\/mexico-delivery-apps-funding-survival\/.<\/a> Be sure to pay attention to the images that accompany the text.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ex\">Then use that information to answer the following questions:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What do you think the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>entregas<\/em><\/span> means? (See the first photo.) How do you know?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Why do you think Carlos Coronado calls his company Spidi?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>What app does Spidi rely on? Why is this a logical choice?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>What do PideDirecto, Jokr, and J\u00fcsto have in common?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>How does Spidi differ from these other companies?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"IV\"><\/a>IV. <span class=\"ccust3\" style=\"color: #c75204;\">Vocabulario<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Los lugares<\/td>\r\n<td>Places<\/td>\r\n<td>Vocabulario adicional relacionado con la comunidad<\/td>\r\n<td>Additional vocabulary related to the community<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dQzbMXtYhI0A8StlTwahrIbMXvnzKvu5\/view?usp=drive_link\">El barrio<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SRQqGH480cGr1YnSp3oJR0BBQ7ZFSDUD\/view?usp=drive_link\">La estaci\u00f3n de polic\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1uY_x5eDUXaCk9UBqXBmpQsdosO2mRHRt\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hospital<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1uuIncsJByUI_wZ-lFFEjvzIaVBikv2lt\/view?usp=drive_link\">La clinica<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QUX8JrfqP63h0-KGcNWGPINtNTSv_zPh\/view?usp=drive_link\">La farmacia<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fw-LE16I0v5ic3pU7JOAh05XWjdn60YT\/view?usp=drive_link\">La escuela \/ El colegio<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OBqLnhsrfDZtyvcEKtBqr5InZVT1KTLO\/view?usp=drive_link\">La universidad<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Z3G5zxq-Zg00PdW-lYhiLhhwrvma1GmK\/view?usp=drive_link\">La cafeter\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1k-JDMgUBbW9ygMXyBj2wYkWAg-oMBciJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El taller mec\u00e1nico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Xz5aZNLQxyheFRBwvSZLslA_VqlqQ_XW\/view?usp=drive_link\">La gasolinera<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wFYgn6UZRyoiVohMPRxEUk75p7FS46Dd\/view?usp=drive_link\">El parque infantil<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gT20asjXjsbPc7cysYGH_U_z1YMDDLy_\/view?usp=drive_link\">La iglesia<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xZQ0lllgvuhlMCzRgyN1lrR-YBsrdJmv\/view?usp=drive_link\">El almac\u00e9n<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1qmL3VjnbhVuBAOVvAtas0Q9CqTQtZoNy\/view?usp=drive_link\">El gimnasio<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kDATlbHzB_fZRnkLdhwdMXXSO2L6aczu\/view?usp=drive_link\">El supermercado<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1bfNPX05T9p-GF1GR7CE9Z3FEGjZITu2f\/view?usp=drive_link\">El mercado<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DbfjFvlZOaT7WIlZq1ECMxohMSJUQBhn\/view?usp=drive_link\">El centro comunitario<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TJMuMk2l_-nep79wm8PU96fSZ1AVp9AJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estadio<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dK1JAuUFcS-Nx_VlDkxEz78ASMDEr8Ap\/view?usp=drive_link\">El banco<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lM5Y1Ldr7betsVIMqqvXhVnCr4G29mxZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El aeropuerto<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kd1TZuVWD2craRJh6_aAwKsQ_ZotSZmy\/view?usp=drive_link\">La estaci\u00f3n de autobuses\/tren\/metro<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kFSt0a1vCEluq8vnVd4US5NLz1145Dd0\/view?usp=drive_link\">El correo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18BxQwi_20JBARlg5_Lr4zQOaCCsj41Rt\/view?usp=drive_link\">El museo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16Yk03hffDmUSmy-5KQkDdFdvDW4eo2Ge\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hotel<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1d_VJC2DOgvhBaHi_8xIlqE19aDvOLfPi\/view?usp=drive_link\">El teatro<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Cfd2jhWVDh1sBYGnPZyWWCEoYpxQ_ZCK\/view?usp=drive_link\">El zool\u00f3gico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ChkGd5KnrNu30He5RrJJzv_mw9O3qo-k\/view?usp=drive_link\">La sala de conciertos<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1c3-FdajQF1eHRSMJIOsCZImO5C7X8Cbt\/view?usp=drive_link\">Panader\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oJLMj8QAgCA7viRvBYPjru0BTCXyDqb0\/view?usp=drive_link\">Joyer\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CKiaU1MonXFplCa6-3yyfolN6VyVO8Z_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Never\u00eda\/helader\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JAxfxsNBlRerZnZN5Qs-fgOyWX4uRfdO\/view?usp=drive_link\">Taquer\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15ebw0RIUH6N5SPg42WBNR3WxUY1gIpSi\/view?usp=drive_link\">Zapater\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ZNNzBdTAzD-SZWIMvKpf1xj1Nerf0ufi\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lavander\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1IFmKbN98bxZ7f6vS--NkarlkbT60VlEk\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tintorer\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iW-UVtGLBVY94GELLiGHTUxKNzNjgouk\/view?usp=drive_link\">Jugueter\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fgiXLQasP0_rPyQzCTVYnDaelPcGWEbZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Muebler\u00eda<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td>The neighborhood\r\n\r\nPolice station\r\n\r\nHospital\r\n\r\nClinic\r\n\r\nPharmacy\r\n\r\nSchool\r\n\r\nUniversity\r\n\r\nCafeteria\r\n\r\nMechanic\r\n\r\nGas station\r\n\r\nPlayground\r\n\r\nChurch\r\n\r\nDepartment store\r\n\r\nGym\r\n\r\nSupermarket\r\n\r\nMarket\r\n\r\nCommunity center\r\n\r\nStadium\r\n\r\nBank\r\n\r\nAirport\r\n\r\nBus\/train\/metro station\r\n\r\nPost office\r\n\r\nMuseum\r\n\r\nHotel\r\n\r\nTheater\r\n\r\nZoo\r\n\r\nConcert Hall\r\n\r\nBakery\r\n\r\nJewelry Store\r\n\r\nIce cream parlor\r\n\r\nTaco shop\r\n\r\nShoe store\r\n\r\nLaundromat\r\n\r\nDry cleaner\r\n\r\nToy store\r\n\r\nFurniture store<\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1STXHwPRWt6L8D5hihNOP-WGKbbQV0kCT\/view?usp=drive_link\">El edificio<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14kUgZCP2auz4qBMlgCGqQT8AyOQuUAxA\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estacionamiento<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1YYOMEB3Kid5LI3fiFOx0PHtapI9eXUXm\/view?usp=drive_link\">La calle<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14pTELYga1ViOOiNDc3pLE83hdBrSEkvq\/view?usp=drive_link\">La avenida<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1EEKf4HDQKlrqizNtKeuyYZpH-skQEEkX\/view?usp=drive_link\">El polic\u00eda<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NHME_temmccDKepmN9GlEs_kXpJcFJOq\/view?usp=drive_link\">El tr\u00e1fico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/13Htw2K2bGeIIPfidOL5525cA0nnZ9-kg\/view?usp=drive_link\">El embotellamiento<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-9amRZy3ZVClPTaM2d7yubXrV02bQBd4\/view?usp=drive_link\">La gasolina<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SoHh7dx6R5dNUR5Z3Swz_Y67LIfWta8V\/view?usp=drive_link\">La multa<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gjMx3Raunv7_he2AtTv2h7edHos16582\/view?usp=drive_link\">El monumento<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Fc4wpiNgifKSksqw5GJUZROEwFmYJQ9P\/view?usp=drive_link\">El concierto<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1zzg7TvVkZyK4Y_gzYIFLs0yJGGEqyt1x\/view?usp=drive_link\">El\/la dependiente<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/10-daO9SmGglaeU_hkGN_h6_0t19TAgAH\/view?usp=drive_link\">La tarjeta de cr\u00e9dito<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wi2ky7-0LqBGGNfu73wLqS8xSI6NVDzD\/view?usp=drive_link\">El efectivo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1G7Nq0p3PBXiRPSoMObcKgpdFQ6i29-Hz\/view?usp=drive_link\">La oferta cultural<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ICoI8YwKsUhuztzOdl_3k5UmjdNCMA_N\/view?usp=drive_link\">El espect\u00e1culo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dZ8cXQtvONMvkD8T3pmtqaFU-rxEBf54\/view?usp=drive_link\">La medicina<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ewI39PU5_vYLtzw89aksmaN6cpx42lD9\/view?usp=drive_link\">El antibi\u00f3tico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HjrOmWF8gdnvT6IHrsyDbx_GBLtcOJZY\/view?usp=drive_link\">El analg\u00e9sico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/107o2xLEDbWhqGva0GyckV1usPFKoS2b0\/view?usp=drive_link\">El\/la m\u00e9dico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HeJVbhjBqO_tTTE8jJAQzec5FOrV0yIN\/view?usp=drive_link\">La carta<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XtvTeUKiUjW46bTUlqQbMo6nCeia14kV\/view?usp=drive_link\">El pan<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1H8CPtLWh89vHCp7VxIa8EV2CCqI22AQa\/view?usp=drive_link\">La carne<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RgHZUV5CxnG6wdVRo0JtDWu1YMgCARrG\/view?usp=drive_link\">La fruta<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OFkHkiIzOf_Bvx5A0OnmRf7_LOVtEpDS\/view?usp=drive_link\">Los vegetales<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SoHh7dx6R5dNUR5Z3Swz_Y67LIfWta8V\/view?usp=drive_link\">La multa<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HnLMhjpeVysMulG7bLc0dqijJTw0r8l_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Misa<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1--yTwR8vns9BhxWeG0P_MnVJQOf2_k0I\/view?usp=drive_link\">La ropa<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15MCvFwLecaeiIeX9iA8v5Bt6oqaK6-2n\/view?usp=drive_link\">Las joyas<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OnSTVQSxIyY-5-3dE9KjzzahsMzgSQ0k\/view?usp=drive_link\">La obra de arte<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1l5uQd-TtMlH1zVkC1mxibYz-qVbYygb5\/view?usp=drive_link\">La obra de teatro<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Y4_04_3bGLySdKhHpcEse5d5l5pqUJZK\/view?usp=drive_link\">El paquete<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1aDwFyhTlorR0bkaMWX-1DEBCYogfEZd5\/view?usp=drive_link\">El helado<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1blSih1BoUOWtuQBCXPi2w6UgsWnGMt66\/view?usp=drive_link\">Boleto<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OzlQ-jZ2K2yagGE9n1rFEcXyV6QDSWWp\/view?usp=drive_link\">El cajero autom\u00e1tico<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OtajV2gHVDnw8sXhIqkIvptXc4LMUKl_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Al aire libre<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16zNAD4wNOwCkC2R-lfJWb2_eKv2pAyp5\/view?usp=drive_link\">ayudar a<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QDtWvs1y-KXovRFIXCNIdpCeTOsy_peT\/view?usp=drive_link\">Doblar<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1R1AUl3uSz4T2MVBiGVpbG2Jo2rip1SM2\/view?usp=drive_link\">Seguir (e\u2192i) derecho o recto<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1l5go8bvmxfYJAvxuB-kVS2etSUEqLrBc\/view?usp=drive_link\">Asistir a un evento<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td>Building\r\n\r\nParking lot\r\n\r\nStreet\r\n\r\nAvenue\r\n\r\nPolice\r\n\r\nTraffic\r\n\r\nTraffic jam\r\n\r\nGasoline\r\n\r\nTicket\/fine\r\n\r\nMonument\r\n\r\nConcert\r\n\r\nStore clerk\r\n\r\nCredit card\r\n\r\nCash\r\n\r\nCultural offering\r\n\r\nShow\r\n\r\nMedicine\r\n\r\nAntibiotic\r\n\r\nPainkiller\r\n\r\nMedic or doctor\r\n\r\nLetter\r\n\r\nBread\r\n\r\nMeat\r\n\r\nFruit\r\n\r\nVegetables\r\n\r\nFine\/ticket\r\n\r\nMass\r\n\r\nClothing\r\n\r\nJewelry\r\n\r\nWork of art\r\n\r\nPlay\r\n\r\nPackage\r\n\r\nIce cream\r\n\r\nTicket\r\n\r\nATM\r\n\r\nOutside\r\n\r\nHelp\r\n\r\nTurn\r\n\r\nContinue straight\r\n\r\nAttend an event<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Preposiciones<\/td>\r\n<td>Prepositions<\/td>\r\n<td>Dar recomendaciones<\/td>\r\n<td>Making recommendations<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/10QPv62lf6ABeGPX-S8XjtkuDatfiKOLG\/view?usp=drive_link\">Para indicar localizaci\u00f3n<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1D77-hNhLQgTE8Ewm_yFwrYVvhSjdt2SL\/view?usp=drive_link\">Abajo de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fxkcci1A2iwqPxRmfqeWKsHLvKHFN1dR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Arriba de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16VG1CV0r3xlF9hdDw7VQntrXygBEldOy\/view?usp=drive_link\">Alrededor de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16Ye9iUbo5IMeYkslY8snm5YRw2gUky4U\/view?usp=drive_link\">Entre<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iIslVqiNcbILbVxxkg02YesDRniJCaSw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Sobre<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16f_VbTYXmoUJUpqYqMWjUJxaqRQ3pnes\/view?usp=drive_link\">Al lado de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1O5RZhnb53sHVH-UsUrL4xzp-M6WfeWTQ\/view?usp=drive_link\">A la derecha de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CMTVlmUS_yXUSbOqJE6r6bdrDkUb4YI-\/view?usp=drive_link\">A la izquierda de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Sulmh-KO9H_uNSLK2uBxMwMk6YuVR-fe\/view?usp=drive_link\">Cerca de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1tYM-TRwEcQ8XaE8q4i-QaDS8yl6l7iN4\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lejos de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FeJJjU1DPEw0Z306AF3mDEA3rMMfALJ1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Delante de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gjXg_uUlgHvKks6ro13vFyIGPjXs5uSh\/view?usp=drive_link\">Enfrente de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14mpsfHohYbzu4kDe0HIMloOkoSSkeXdQ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Detr\u00e1s de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1a2lMnV7QMNPqykNkD5d34gU53rRoDAaE\/view?usp=drive_link\">Dentro de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Zw_w3XzOYluCgVNpnpn5F1xjI8dsJF_N\/view?usp=drive_link\">Fuera de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1bcLOz2Q4yLFTZ9ETXH48Pwg5YtxVATeS\/view?usp=drive_link\">Encima de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12Jdfh3eAKY6K31zmyHqqJmMUJVupc5lE\/view?usp=drive_link\">Debajo de<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ZdCZRSSnyt-hs2BYyfm_vHeekNlItJZ3\/view?usp=drive_link\">Para indicar movimiento<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wllhFTibE248oESRlE5FPpUn5lwfTunv\/view?usp=drive_link\">A<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1R9OH_dvrzLWkCoHU9GuwmpgK3ipcbltz\/view?usp=drive_link\">En<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FHSUW2IdIC6kAYnW5IvUp6QqJRaIDjju\/view?usp=drive_link\">Desde<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ooyGnT3yXC2X2OSApSGVN3x8TI8xB52r\/view?usp=drive_link\">Por<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SU8Sxp3q-2OConJOylMF_cg85aX0IGgZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hacia<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xhorvEJzApMKaHUbbJDAuQYP6BHo73Xd\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hasta<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td>To indicate location\r\n\r\nBelow\r\n\r\nOn top of\r\n\r\nAround\r\n\r\nBetween\r\n\r\nOn\r\n\r\nNext to\r\n\r\nTo the right of\r\n\r\nTo the left of\r\n\r\nClose to\r\n\r\nFar from\r\n\r\nIn front of\r\n\r\nIn front of but facing each other\r\n\r\nBehind\r\n\r\nInside\r\n\r\nOutside\r\n\r\nOn top of\r\n\r\nBelow\r\n\r\nTo indicate movement\r\n\r\nTo\r\n\r\nIn, on, at\r\n\r\nSince, from\r\n\r\nBy, around\r\n\r\nToward\r\n\r\nUntil<\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12nelfqOLpBLqgbKmgpjm0uMpnROv4_Pw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es importante<\/a> + inf.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Z0bNNIkcnMeyT87zCbN8AiyfnW90ULsF\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es necesario<\/a> + inf.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/11bKv787TlD0mVPAl35jKN7zh9YNyGdXn\/view?usp=drive_link\">Debes<\/a> + inf.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1jB5-6-WsSkBXXys8gKKYzCYSkyJS-t4b\/view?usp=drive_link\">Recomiendo<\/a> + inf.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yI3rfr8FByPX-OwwI5OmE5JHb4GbIGRq\/view?usp=drive_link\">Aconsejar<\/a> + inf.<\/td>\r\n<td>It is important to\r\n\r\nIt is necessary to\r\n\r\nYou should\r\n\r\nI recommend\r\n\r\nI advise<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Frases para mostrar acuerdo y desacuerdo<\/td>\r\n<td>Phrases that indicate agreement or disagreement<\/td>\r\n<td>Pronombres de objeto directo<\/td>\r\n<td>Direct object pronouns<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1J7MPvCZGFhELosCl6FRgSh9V6lWGYIlm\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy de acuerdo que\u2026<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1qCmFjJqTyDv7_VxWaCrRjhYf_rqotE9b\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tienes raz\u00f3n<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SSdEHai9AKh1fp-cYyXJargnSHaiiIp-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Creo que est\u00e1s en lo correcto<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XO6esMzuHq6LCkHxBxLbLxcfQLJjX0Y7\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy seguro\/a<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1KtnH6y6sAiBXE12B4Y1JTZZ9g9Z2KJV6\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me parece bien<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JRIc-xWyda7GiWNyPZBxHIgF3942vFTW\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo tambi\u00e9n<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fQ5tCsO7IP82EyezCgOoMlJf0_jHQBb-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo tampoco<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pmyaIaMIw2BWJH8y2Z7q-BCixbnK3MA-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Claro que s\u00ed<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GMNDSUPI0Uc0p046IssPdNrR2xuwRPxX\/view?usp=drive_link\">Claro que no<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15dqNulwcmEfZrJXRwWa033f5oc-KyqRg\/view?usp=drive_link\">Est\u00e1 bien.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TvAjnpC42f0GQ1H2G1LU7IAWxdwTNCIc\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es cierto.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XMy0jqDrUPL6IcSDvl9sJZZpwhmzWnSn\/view?usp=drive_link\">(No) estoy de acuerdo que\u2026<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1liHXbU1oi3uT77aajR6fkh8lHou8BsxR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Temo que no estoy de acuerdo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pbzXr0ALWXVfF-fzDLFzvUepf_swQMgG\/view?usp=drive_link\">No estoy seguro\/a<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lCQH8yBRjIRe1MBg8-qNqMu5Apco3Mbs\/view?usp=drive_link\">No me parece bien<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td>I agree that\u2026\r\n\r\nYou are right\r\n\r\nI believe you are correct\r\n\r\nI am certain\r\n\r\nIt seems fine to me\r\n\r\nMe too\r\n\r\nMe either\r\n\r\nYes, of course\r\n\r\nNo, of course not\r\n\r\nIt is fine\r\n\r\nIt is true\r\n\r\nI agree (do not) agree that\u2026\r\n\r\nI am afraid that I do not agree\u2026\r\n\r\nI am not sure\u2026\r\n\r\nIt doesn\u2019t seem right to me<\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yOdGsFNHycsiNa5MDmRoXHOoWILgediD\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iUwpiuAzdeuNCJ4-9vSsPqlMkRiO9lFw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Te<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1WEdA7EsURJE64PuwU8SPuuMuH2oiSCDr\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lo<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rxWcg9HGRsXn9P6rhOuV1_sfg1zap4ks\/view?usp=drive_link\">La<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1WNZl9o1vqolme0GoaKM8zpMkTfTOpBwz\/view?usp=drive_link\">Nos<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K-O3nzwPa6yhe_zcwXSO2ZAg7ND9pzIB\/view?usp=drive_link\">Os<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K5ZpQHHxwJ3e5qYr6wdtwfvLioQDn3aO\/view?usp=drive_link\">Los<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1G7uKJPdsvN_K7klxaAD2h4ZHyza6eXJq\/view?usp=drive_link\">Las<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td>Me\r\n\r\nYou\r\n\r\nHim, it (masc.)\r\n\r\nHer, it (fem.)\r\n\r\nUs\r\n\r\nYou all\r\n\r\nThem (masc.)\r\n\r\nThem (fem.)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.10.<\/span> \u00bfQu\u00e9 podemos comprar all\u00ed?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">For each location mentioned, select the item that would be sold there.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"78\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.11.<\/span> \u00bfD\u00f3nde trabaja?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"exaft\">Read the following statements about what an individual does and then write the name of the place where that person works.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exf\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Vende muebles.<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><span class=\"bu\">Trabaja en una muebler\u00eda.\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Da multas de tr\u00e1fico.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Hace pan.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>Lleva cartas.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>Cocina tacos.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>Ense\u00f1a a ni\u00f1os.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.12.<\/span> \u00bfQu\u00e9 o qui\u00e9n es?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the description and use the vocabulary list to indicate to what or whom it refers.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Son los eventos culturales que se ofrecen como conciertos, espectaculos y exposiciones.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Es la oferta cultural.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"79\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.13.<\/span> El d\u00eda ocupado de Ana<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Ana has a very busy day. Read the paragraph about her day and fill in the blanks with the correct words based on the context.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"80\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 4.14.<\/span> \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 frecuencia visitas estos lugares?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Indicate the frequency with which you visit the following places by putting an <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>X<\/em><\/span> in the box that best describes your habits.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lugar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Siempre<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Frecuentemente<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Algunas veces<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Nunca o casi nunca<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>La tintorer\u00eda<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El correo<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El supermercado o lugar para comprar comida<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El banco<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El gimnasio<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Un lugar destinado al arte: teatro, sala de conciertos, museo, etc.<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nPaso 2\u2014Compare your answers with a partner by asking and answering questions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 frecuencia visitas la tintorer\u00eda?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Casi nunca voy a la tintorer\u00eda, \u00bfy t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: Yo voy frecuentemente.<\/strong><\/p>\r\nAfter your conversation, be sure to prepare answers the following questions to share with the class.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar visitan menos?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar visitan m\u00e1s?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 otros lugares visitan frecuentemente?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.15.<\/span> Lo mejor de tu ciudad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nDecide what is the best place to do the following activities. Make sure to explain your answer.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Para comer tacos es mejor ir <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">a la taquer\u00eda El Maguey<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <strong>porque<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">los tacos son deliciosos y hay diferentes tipos de tacos.\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Para tomar un helado es mejor ir a __________________ porque ______________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Para pasar tiempo libre es mejor ir a ________________ porque ______________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Para pasar tiempo con ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os es mejor ir a _________ porque _________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Para estudiar es mejor ir a _______________ porque __________________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Para hacer ejercicio es mejor ir a _____________ porque _______________.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 4.16.<\/span> La ciudad de Rota<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nRead the following information about \u00d3liver and his home city and then answer the questions.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 3610px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 79px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 79px;\">\u00a1Hola! Me llamo \u00d3liver y soy amigo de Ana. Hoy quiero hablarles sobre mi ciudad, mi comunidad. Se llama Rota y est\u00e1 en el sur de Espa\u00f1a. Es una ciudad muy especial porque hay una base naval estadounidense muy importante y muy grande. No es casualidad que la base americana est\u00e9 aqu\u00ed, ya que Rota est\u00e1 muy cerca del estrecho de Gibraltar, que es punto de entrada a un \u00e1rea muy estrat\u00e9gica, el mar Mediterr\u00e1neo. Es posible ver la influencia de los Estados Unidos en la ciudad. Por ejemplo, es normal encontrarte con miembros del ej\u00e9rcito americano en las calles de Rota. Muchos de ellos est\u00e1n temporalmente en Rota, aunque otros est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed indefinidamente.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 79px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 260px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 260px;\">Vivo en el segundo piso de un edificio con mis padres. Mi padre es de los Estados Unidos y mi madre es de Espa\u00f1a.\r\n\r\nTodos mis vecinos son muy simp\u00e1ticos pero mi vecina Nati es mi favorita. Es muy alegre y siempre tiene una sonrisa. Ella trabaja en un instituto.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 260px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_127\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-127 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Yellow apartment building with bushes out front\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/> \"Apartment building\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 260px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 260px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_128\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-128 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Sign that says &quot;The city that you want&quot; in Spanish and English\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/> \"City Sign\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 260px;\">En Rota, es posible ver muchos anuncios que est\u00e1n en ingl\u00e9s y en espa\u00f1ol.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 47px;\">Algunos nombres de tiendas y lugares tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n en ingl\u00e9s. Esta farmacia est\u00e1 cerca de mi casa.\u00a1La farmacia est\u00e1 abierta las veinticuatro horas! All\u00ed puedo comprar desde medicamentos hasta champ\u00fa. El farmac\u00e9utico, Pepe, siempre hace recomendaciones a las personas que est\u00e1n enfermas.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 47px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 328px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 328px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_129\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-129 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-300x293.jpg\" alt=\"Storefront of a Dia supermarket\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" \/> \"Supermarket\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 328px;\">El Dia es uno de los supermercados m\u00e1s famosos de Rota. All\u00ed mi madre compra la comida que va a preparar cada d\u00eda.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 350px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 350px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_130\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"225\"]<img class=\"wp-image-130 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Storefront of a hairstylist Shop called &quot;Nailys&quot;\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/> \"Beauty salon\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 350px;\">Desde peque\u00f1o, voy a la peluquer\u00eda Naily\u2019s. El corte de pelo cuesta s\u00f3lo trece euros y los peluqueros siempre hacen un buen trabajo.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">Para sacar dinero voy al cajero autom\u00e1tico del banco BBVA. Siempre es bueno tener algo de dinero en efectivo.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_131\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"225\"]<img class=\"wp-image-131 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"BBVA bank window\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/> \"BBVA Bank\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_132\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"225\"]<img class=\"wp-image-132 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Office supply store with various supplies and toys that can be seen through the window\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/> \"Office supply store\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Cuando necesito hacer fotocopias, imprimir un documento o comprar algo para la escuela siempre voy a la papeler\u00eda que est\u00e1 a cinco minutos de mi casa. \u00a1Me encantan los bolis que venden!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_133\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"225\"]<img class=\"wp-image-133 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Small hotel with people passing in front of it\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/> \"Hotel\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Hay muchos hoteles en Rota, desde peque\u00f1os hasta grandes. Las personas vienen principalmente en el mes de agosto de vacaciones.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 546px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 546px;\">Las playas en Rota son muy bonitas. La Playa de la Costilla es mi favorita. Me gusta porque est\u00e1 siempre limpia y el agua del mar es clara y la arena es muy fina. \u00a1Es perfecta para hacer castillos de arena!<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 546px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_134\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-134 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Beach with a sign that says &quot;Playa de la Costilla&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/> \"Beach\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_135\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-135 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Sandcastle on the beach\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/> \"Beach castle\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_136\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-136 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Bar or cafeteria with people sitting on terrace\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/> \"Cafeteria\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Despu\u00e9s de un d\u00eda en la playa, las personas en mi comunidad van a un bar a comer algunas tapas como gambas (shrimp), tortilla (Spanish omelette), carrillada (a type of beef dish), etc. En Espa\u00f1a los bares son diferentes que en los Estados Unidos porque son m\u00e1s similares a un restaurante. Es tambi\u00e9n com\u00fan comer al aire libre en la terraza o en la calle. Mi familia y yo comemos en un bar por lo menos una vez a la semana.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_137\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-137 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Station behind a roundabout with Spanish flag \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/> \"Gas station\" by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Las calles de Rota son estrechas y hay muchas rotondas. \u00bfHay rotondas en tu comunidad?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nAnswer the questions in complete sentences <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>in Spanish<\/em><\/span>.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Rota tiene una fuerte influencia de los Estados Unidos? \u00bfC\u00f3mo es visible esa influencia?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo est\u00e1n abiertas algunas farmacias en Rota?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfC\u00faando hay m\u00e1s turistas en Rota? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 se puede hacer en la playa en Rota?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.17. Rota y nuestra comunidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nTalk to a partner and discuss the similarities and differences between Rota and the community where your university is. By the end, be sure to have discussed at least two similarities and two differences.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>En Rota, hay playas, y en nuestra comunidad, no hay una playa.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.18. Tu comunidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow that you have learned about Rota, write a short email response to \u00d3liver describing your community. Be sure to include:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Location. Where is your community located?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Aspects that make your community unique.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Activities that you and your family like to do.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An appropriate greeting and closing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"V\"><\/a>V. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Video entrevistas<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.19. Mi comunidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch and listen to the videos in which native speakers of Spanish discuss special traditions in their communities. For each video, answer the following questions in complete sentences in Spanish.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1. Lisa:<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/6Man3Pu-51Y[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">a. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?\r\nb. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es su ciudad?\r\nc. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es el transporte p\u00fablico?\r\nd. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los platillos t\u00edpicos de su ciudad?\r\ne. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es una celebraci\u00f3n importante que se celebra?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">2.\u00a0Robin:<\/p>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/TGuvhXCVWOU[\/embed]\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">a. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?\r\nb. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es su ciudad? \u00bfC\u00f3mo es la geograf\u00eda?\r\nc. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son unos pasatiempos populares de los habitantes?\r\nd. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas provincias hay en Costa Rica?\r\ne. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es un platillo t\u00edpico costarricense? \u00bfQu\u00e9 ingredientes hay en \u00e9l?\r\nf. \u00bfC\u00f3mo y cu\u00e1ndo se celebra la anexi\u00f3n de Liberia?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.20. Preguntas personales<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch and listen to the video of Mariangel asking questions about your community:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/RwFc9HZfZ0Y[\/embed]\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPause the video after each question and prepare a response.\r\n1.\r\n2.\r\n3.\r\n4.\r\n5.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.21. El D\u00eda del Amor y la Amistad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch the following video about Manuela\u2019s favorite holidays in Colombia:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/wb4to21V4jM[\/embed]\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nThen answer the following questions.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"81\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.22. La Navidad en M\u00e9xico y Argentina<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch and listen to the video in which native speakers of Spanish discuss how they celebrate Christmas (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Navidad<\/em><\/span>) in Argentina and Mexico:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/gDvkViWmGDw[\/embed]\r\n\r\nThen fill out the following table to compare and contrast traditions. Be sure to include the following information:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>La estaci\u00f3n y el clima durante Navidad<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Los platillos t\u00edpicos navide\u00f1os<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Otras fiestas importantes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nUse the table below to help you describe the above topics or write your own words or phrases to take note of what you learn.\r\n\r\nel fr\u00edo\r\nel calor\r\nel invierno\r\nel verano\r\nel pozole\r\nlos postres\r\nlas empanadas\r\nla cerveza\r\nel jugo\r\nel champurrado\r\nlas bebidas fr\u00edas\r\nlas bebidas calientes\r\nla rosca de reyes\r\nlos tamales el D\u00eda de Reyes Magos la Navidad\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 202.367px;\">Priscila\u2014Argentina<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 195.35px;\">Los dos<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 215.383px;\">Tiffany\u2014M\u00e9xico<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 43px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 202.367px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 195.35px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 215.383px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.23. Una costumbre especial<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPrepare a video response to one of the speakers by sharing about a special celebration or custom in your community or your family. Be sure to answer the following questions in your video response:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la celebraci\u00f3n? \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo y d\u00f3nde la celebras?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 comes para celebrar?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 actividades haces para celebrar?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es una celebraci\u00f3n importante para ti?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"VI\"><\/a>VI. <span style=\"color: #993300;\">Gram\u00e1tica<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2>4-A. The verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> to express location<\/h2>\r\nIn the last chapter, we learned that the irregular verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used to talk about emotions. In addition to emotions, the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is also used to express where something or someone is located.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\nLa oficina de correos <strong>est\u00e1 al lado<\/strong> del banco.\r\n\r\nEl caf\u00e9 <strong>est\u00e1 enfrente<\/strong> de la piscina.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png\" alt=\"A drawing of locations in a city, seen from above, with labels like &quot;la oficina de correos,&quot; &quot;el banco&quot; &quot;el supermercado.&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" \/>\r\n\r\nNotice that the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used with prepositions of location to indicate where something is.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\"><strong>Do you remember the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span>?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Yo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Estoy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">T\u00fa<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">\u00c9l\/Ella\/Usted<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Nosotros\/as<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Estamos<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Vosotros<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Ellos\/Ellas\/Ustedes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\"><strong>Preposiciones - Para indicar localizaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\"><strong>Prepositions - To indicate location<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Abajo de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Below<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Arriba de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On top of<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Alrededor de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Around<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Entre<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Between<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Sobre<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Al lado de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Next to<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">A la derecha de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">To the right of<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">A la izquierda de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">To the left of<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Cerca de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Close to<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Lejos de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Far from<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Delante de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">In front of<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Enfrente de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">In front of but facing each other<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Detr\u00e1s de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Behind<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Dentro de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Inside<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Fuera de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Outside<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Encima de<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On top of<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Recto<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Straight<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe same structure is used in English to express location.\r\n\r\nThe post office is next to the bank. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>El correo est\u00e1 al lado del banco.<\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe caf\u00e9 is in front of the pool. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>El caf\u00e9 est\u00e1 enfrente de la piscina.<\/em><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.24. \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nLook at the image and then indicate where the following places are located.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png\" alt=\"A drawing of locations in a city, seen from above. First row: la oficina de correos, el banco, el supermercado, el caf\u00e9 Second row: la iglesia, el centro, la plaza, la piscina Third row: el museo, el parque, el mercado al aire libre, el centro comercial Fourth row: el cine, la tienda, el restaurante, el centro comercial\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" \/>\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>El museo est\u00e1 entre la iglesia y el cine.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>El parque<\/li>\r\n \t<li>El centro comercial<\/li>\r\n \t<li>El cine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>El supermercado<\/li>\r\n \t<li>El restaurante<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.25. \u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar es?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following descriptions and then look on the map to find the place indicated. Then write a complete sentence to identify the place, using the format from the model.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s de la iglesia y a la izquierda del banco.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Es la oficina de correos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"82\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.26. La localizaci\u00f3n en mi comunidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nThink about your community and then answer the following questions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu caf\u00e9 favorito? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Starbucks est\u00e1 en la avenida Main. Est\u00e1 al lado de Subway.\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu restaurante favorito? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfHay una farmacia cerca de la universidad? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la oficina de correos?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfTienes una panader\u00eda favorita? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfHay un zool\u00f3gico en tu ciudad? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.27. Mapas tur\u00edsticos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou will learn about historic cities in the Spanish-speaking world and explore what attractions they have to offer.\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Use one of the following links or find your own tourist map of a city. Be sure to find one that shows important tourist attractions such as museums, parks, and monuments. If you are doing your own search, try using the terms \u201cmapa tur\u00edstico de _____ (ciudad)\u201d or \u201cmapa del centro hist\u00f3rico de _______ (ciudad).\u201d\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>El centro hist\u00f3rico de Oaxaca (M\u00e9xico): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oaxaca.travel\/index.php\/es\/sitios-de-interes\/folletos\/17-mapas\">http:\/\/www.oaxaca.travel\/index.php\/es\/sitios-de-interes\/folletos\/17-mapas<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cartagena de Indias (Colombia): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartagenadeindias.travel\/cargar_imagen.php?tipo=21&amp;id=797&amp;thumbnail=false\">http:\/\/www.cartagenadeindias.travel\/cargar_imagen.php?tipo=21&amp;id=797&amp;thumbnail=false<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>La Habana Vieja (Cuba): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.particuba.info\/villes\/la_habana\/habana_vieja\/images\/_mapas\/_mapHav_Vieja_Totale.html\">http:\/\/www.particuba.info\/villes\/la_habana\/habana_vieja\/images\/_mapas\/_mapHav_Vieja_Totale.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Santo Domingo (La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.godominicanrepublic.com\/es\/descargas\/download-category\/mapas\/\">https:\/\/www.godominicanrepublic.com\/es\/descargas\/download-category\/mapas\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nPaso 2\u2014Find three places on the map that you would like to visit. Take some time to look at the websites for the monuments. Then fill out the following information:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Nombre del lugar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 te interesa?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>\u2022 Un museo\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un parque\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un mercado\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n\r\n\r\n\u2022 ________________<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>\u2022 Un museo\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un parque\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un mercado\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n\r\n\r\n\u2022 ________________<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>\u2022 Un museo\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un parque\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un mercado\r\n\r\n\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n\r\n\r\n\u2022 ________________<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nPaso 3\u2014Write some clues to help a classmate find the place on the map without naming the place directly. You should describe where it is (using the verb estar) as well as what kind of place it is.\r\n\r\n1.\r\n\r\n2.\r\n\r\n3.\r\n\r\n4.\r\n\r\n5.\r\n\r\nPaso 4\u2014Share your clues with your classmate until they guess the place. Then share <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>por qu\u00e9 te interesa<\/em><\/span>. Then switch roles.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.28. Una visita cultural<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nNow that you have researched some cities and their cultural offerings, you will plan a trip with a classmate. Speaking <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>only in Spanish<\/em><\/span>, pretend the two of you are traveling to a Spanish-speaking country and are planning to visit some historic sites.\r\n\r\nYou must decide:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What city you will visit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When in the year you will go there.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Three places you will go.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-B. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Estar<\/em><\/span> para condiciones<\/h2>\r\nThe verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used with past particles to describe states or conditions like a store being open or closed.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\nEl cine <strong>est\u00e1 cerrado<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>The movie theater is closed<\/em><\/span>.\r\n\r\nLa biblioteca <strong>est\u00e1 abierta<\/strong> hasta las diez de la ma\u00f1ana. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>The library is open until 10:00 a.m.<\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Cerrado<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>abierta<\/em><\/span> are the past participles of the verbs <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cerrar<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>abrir<\/em><\/span> that are working as adjectives to describe a state or condition. Since they are working as adjectives, they also have to agree in gender and number with the noun being described\u2014in this case, the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cine<\/em><\/span> and the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>biblioteca<\/em><\/span>.\r\n\r\nThe past participle of verbs is formed in the following manner:\r\n\r\nFor <strong>-ar<\/strong> verbs, drop the -ar ending and add <strong>-ado<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nFor <strong>-er and -ir<\/strong> verbs, drop the -er or the -ir and add <strong>-ido<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe following verbs have irregular past participles:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 310.217px;\"><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 350.35px;\"><strong>Past participle<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 310.217px;\">Abrir\r\n\r\nDecir\r\n\r\nEscribir\r\n\r\nHacer\r\n\r\nMorir\r\n\r\nPoner\r\n\r\nVer\r\n\r\nVolver<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 350.35px;\">Abierto\r\n\r\nDicho\r\n\r\nEscrito\r\n\r\nHecho\r\n\r\nMuerto\r\n\r\nPuesto\r\n\r\nVisto\r\n\r\nVuelto<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.29. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nLook at the images below and describe the condition or state of the people, things, or places depicted in the images. Use a form of <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> plus the participle of one of the verbs in the word bank. Make sure you pay attention to agreement.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n1. La chica <span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">est\u00e1 dormida<\/span><\/strong><\/span>.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_140\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"287\"]<img class=\" wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Tired girl on sleeping on a pile of books stacked on the table.\" width=\"287\" height=\"191\" \/> <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/tired-female-student-sleeping-on-books-in-light-room-7034472\/\">Tired female student sleeping on books in light room<\/a><\/span> by George Milton licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">2. El restaurante _____.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_141\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-141\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Closed&quot; sign on a glass door\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/closed-sign-on-shop-glass-door-4427225\/\">Closed sign on shop glass door<\/a> by Ellie Burgin licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">3. El libro _____.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_142\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-142\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"Open book sitting on a table with an orange wall in the background\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/letter-with-ring-beside-white-and-pink-flowers-4544726\/\">Selective Focus Photography of White Softbound Book<\/a> by Pixabay licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">4. La carta _____.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_143\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"214\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-143\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"White letter surrounded by flowers with a silver ring sitting on top\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/letter-with-ring-beside-white-and-pink-flowers-4544726\/\">Letter with Ring Beside White and Pink Flowers<\/a> by Olya Kobruseva licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">5. Las fotos _____.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_144\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"218\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-144\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"Orange camera with pictures laying next to it\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" \/> <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/orange-and-white-instant-camera-on-white-cloth-2508735\/\">Orange and White Instant Camera on White Cloth<\/a><\/span> by Lisa Fotios licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">6. Los boletos para el concierto _____.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"287\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image117.jpg\" alt=\"Airplane tickets\" width=\"287\" height=\"202\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/orange-and-green-label-airplane-ticket-69866\/\">Orange and Green Label Airplane Ticket<\/a> by Torsten Dettlaff licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-C. Los mandatos<\/h2>\r\nWhen we hear the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>commands<\/em><\/span>, many times the first thing that comes to mind is an order given by someone in power to someone with less power, such as an explicit direction that a military commander would give to a member of the armed forces or a person telling their dog what to do. Commands, however, are not just used to issue orders. They are also used to give instructions and advice. Therefore, we might see commands in recipe books and advice columns, and they are also very common in everyday speech, since we are constantly giving advice or making recommendations.\r\n<h3>How do you form a command?<\/h3>\r\nIt is necessary to use the imperative mood to form commands. In English, commands are formed by using the infinitive form of the verb without the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to<\/em><\/span>: <strong>take<\/strong> me there, <strong>buy<\/strong> me candy, <strong>go<\/strong> to sleep, <strong>take<\/strong> pictures, and so on. It does not matter whether you are talking to one person or a group of people, speaking to a close friend or a business associate. Spanish, on the other hand, does consider whether the command is given to an individual or to multiple people. It also takes into account the register, formal or informal, that must be used with that person or group of people.\r\n\r\nIn both English and Spanish, we use commands to ask people <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to do something<\/em><\/span> with <strong>affirmative commands<\/strong> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>not to do something<\/em><\/span> with <strong>negative commands<\/strong>. Take a look at the following examples in English:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Affirmative commands<\/td>\r\n<td>Negative commands<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Go to sleep.\r\n\r\nEat your vegetables.\r\n\r\nDo your homework.\r\n\r\nOpen your books to page fifteen.\r\n\r\nCome on time for your appointment.\r\n\r\nDrive safely.<\/td>\r\n<td>Don\u2019t stay up too late.\r\n\r\nDon\u2019t eat too much junk food.\r\n\r\nDon\u2019t forget to do your homework.\r\n\r\nDon\u2019t be lazy.\r\n\r\nDon\u2019t arrive late.\r\n\r\nDon\u2019t drive too fast.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Mandatos informales<\/h3>\r\nInformal commands are the ones given to people with whom we have a close or informal relationship. There are two possible types of informal commands: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><strong>t\u00fa<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <strong>commands<\/strong>, which are given to an individual, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><strong>vosotros<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <strong>commands<\/strong>, which are given to a group of people. Let\u2019s look at each type separately.\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>T\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>T\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands are perhaps the most common type of command, since they are used with peers and people that we know well.\r\n<h3>Affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\r\nTo form the affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command, use the third-person singular form of the present indicative. This is the he or she form. It also means that if you have an -ar verb, the command should end in -a, and for -er\/-ir verbs, the ending should be an -e.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Verbo<\/td>\r\n<td>Mandato<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Comer<\/td>\r\n<td>Com<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Comprar<\/td>\r\n<td>Compr<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Beber<\/td>\r\n<td>Beb<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Doblar<\/td>\r\n<td>Dobl<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Jugar<\/td>\r\n<td>Jueg<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThere are also some verbs that have an irregular <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Tener<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ten<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Have<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Hacer<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Haz<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Do or make<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Poner<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Pon<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Put<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Decir<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Di<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Say or tell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Ir<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ve<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Go<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Salir<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Sal<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Leave or go out<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Ser<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">S\u00e9<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Be<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Venir<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ven<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Come<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nLet\u2019s see some examples of these affirmative command forms in context:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Come las verduras.\u2014Eat your vegetables.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Compra ropa de calidad.\u2014Buy high-quality clothing.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ten dinero en efectivo.\u2014Have cash.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Haz la tarea.\u2014Do your homework.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">S\u00e9 bueno.\u2014Be good.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ven r\u00e1pido.\u2014Come quickly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\r\nTo form a negative t\u00fa command:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Take the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yo<\/em><\/span> form of the verb in the present indicative.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drop the -o.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Add the following (opposite) endings:\r\n-ar, add -es\r\n-er\/-ir, add -as<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>Put <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> before it.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExamples:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Negative <em>t\u00fa<\/em> command<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Com<strong>er<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>No com<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sal<strong>ir<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>No salg<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Compr<strong>ar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>No compr<strong>es<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ten<strong>er<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>No teng<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ped<strong>ir<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>No pid<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThere are also irregular negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands that you will have to memorize.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Verbo<\/td>\r\n<td>Irregular negative t\u00fa command - Espa\u00f1ol<\/td>\r\n<td>Irregular negative t\u00fa command - English<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dar<\/td>\r\n<td>No des<\/td>\r\n<td>Don\u2019t give<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ir<\/td>\r\n<td>No vayas<\/td>\r\n<td>Don\u2019t go<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ser<\/td>\r\n<td>No seas<\/td>\r\n<td>Don\u2019t be<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Estar<\/td>\r\n<td>No est\u00e9s<\/td>\r\n<td>Don\u2019t be<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nLet\u2019s see some more examples, this time of negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span> commands:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No est\u00e9s enojado.\u2014Don\u2019t be mad.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No vayas a la tienda por la noche.\u2014Don\u2019t go to the store at night.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No des tu n\u00famero de tel\u00e9fono a extra\u00f1os.\u2014Don\u2019t give your phone number to strangers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.30. Mandatos de t\u00fa<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<div align=\"left\">Write the informal affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command for each verb.<\/div>\r\n<div align=\"left\"><\/div>\r\n<div align=\"left\">[h5p id=\"84\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.31. Guatemala: El pa\u00eds de la eterna primavera<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nRead the following text about Guatemala and then follow the prompts below.\r\n\r\nGuatemala: El pa\u00eds de la eterna primavera\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-146\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a distant snow-capped mountain with a city below and a cross in the foreground.\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" \/>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/aerial-view-of-a-city-335887\/\">Aerial View of a City<\/a> by Saulo Zayas licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n\u00a1Ven a Guatemala! Tiene un clima perfecto y no hay temperaturas extremas. Tambi\u00e9n hay una gran diversidad de flora.\r\n\r\nSube a un volc\u00e1n. Hay m\u00e1s de treinta y cinco volcanes de los cuales trece son visitados por turistas frecuentemente.\r\n\r\nToma una camioneta o bus en Guatemala. Las camionetas son autobuses escolares de los Estados Unidos muy coloridos y divertidos.\r\n\r\nVisita Antigua. Es una ciudad colonial con edificios y monumentos de gran inter\u00e9s como el Palacio de los Capitanes Generales\r\n\r\nAprende sobre la cultura maya. Guatemala es conocida como el \u201cCoraz\u00f3n del Mundo Maya\u201d por ser unos de los principales lugares donde vivieron.\r\n\r\nBebe caf\u00e9 y come platillos tradicionales como paches y shucos.\r\n\r\nVe al lago Atitl\u00e1n y al mercado Santiago de Atitl\u00e1n. Son dos lugares con mucha vida y color local.\r\n\r\nNo asumas que las cosas en Guatemala son como en los los Estados Unidos. Es otra cultura y hay cosas que se hacen diferentes.\r\n\r\nNo tomes fotos de las personas sin antes pedir permiso.\r\n\r\nNo esperes que todas las personas hablen espa\u00f1ol. Hay veinti\u00fan dialectos mayas en Guatemala y, por tanto, personas que hablan esos dialectos y no espa\u00f1ol.\r\n\r\nNo conf\u00edes (don\u2019t trust) en desconocidos. Los turistas pueden ser v\u00edctimas de estafas (scams).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-147\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of colorful graves in cemetery\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/colorful-graves-in-cemetery-6307208\/\">Colorful Graves in Cemetery<\/a> by Clive Kim licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/colorful-graves-in-cemetery-6307208\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n\r\n1. Subraya (underline) los mandatos afirmativos y negativos que encuentres.\r\n\r\n2. \u00bfCu\u00e1l crees que es el objetivo del texto: dar \u00f3rdenes, dar recomendaciones o dar instrucciones?\r\n\r\n3. Escribe tres de las actividades recomendadas en Guatemala \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas actividades te interesa m\u00e1s?\r\n\r\n4. \u00bfQu\u00e9 no se recomienda hacer en Guatemala? \u00bfEst\u00e1s de acuerdo (do you agree)?\r\n\r\n5. \u00bfD\u00f3nde puedes encontrar textos similares a este?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.32. Ven a mi comunidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou are in charge of creating an information poster about why people should visit your community. You can choose to do it about your neighborhood, your state, or the United States. Use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands and make sure that you include the following:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>At least three activities that you recommend.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>At least three activities that you recommend not doing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Some images to make your description more appealing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.33. Indicaciones<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWatch and listen to the video in which Manuela asks for directions to arrive at three different places in the community:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/nJ_Y7A5CHW8[\/embed]\r\n\r\nPrepare a response for each location in which you tell her how to get there using affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands. Use the list of location words in the <span style=\"color: #c75204;\"><em>Vocabulario<\/em><\/span> section to help you as well as the following words.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 325.7px;\">Doblar\r\n\r\nSeguir\r\n\r\nParar\r\n\r\nLa cuadra<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 306.417px;\">To turn\r\n\r\nTo continue\r\n\r\nTo stop\r\n\r\n(City) block<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfMe indicas c\u00f3mo llegar a la iglesia?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Ve<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> recto a la calle 38. Despu\u00e9s, <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">dobla<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> a la derecha y <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">sigue<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> por una cuadra. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">No vayas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> muy lejos. Est\u00e1 a la izquierda, entre el banco y unas casas.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">1.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">2.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-D. Vosotros commands<\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are the informal commands that are given to a group of people. If you want to issue an order, make a recommendation, give advice, or give instructions to a group of people whom you address informally, then you would use a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> is similar to saying y\u2019all. Just like with the word y\u2019all in English, it can be understood by most speakers of Spanish, but it is used by a smaller subset\u2014mainly, individuals from Spain. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are commonly heard in Spain, but when not in Spain, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span> is a more standard way to address a group of people directly. Therefore, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span> commands are used.\r\n<h3>Affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are formed by doing the following:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Take the infinitive form of the verb: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>comer<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drop the final -r: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>come<\/em><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Add -d: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>comed<\/em><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nHere are some examples of how the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command is formed:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> command<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ir<\/td>\r\n<td>Id<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Escribir<\/td>\r\n<td>Escribid<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Ver<\/td>\r\n<td>Ved<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nNow, let\u2019s see some examples of the affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command in context:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>English<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Read the instructions<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Leed<\/strong> las instrucciones<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Eat your food<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Comed<\/strong> vuestra comida<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Buy the tickets<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Comprad<\/strong> los boletos<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\r\nNegative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are formed in a way similar to negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Take the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yo<\/em><\/span> form of the verb in the present indicative.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drop the -o.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Add the following (opposite) endings:\r\n-ar, add -\u00e9is\r\n-er\/-ir, add -\u00e1is<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Put <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> before it.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Negative vosotros command<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Comer<\/td>\r\n<td>No com\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Salir<\/td>\r\n<td>No salg\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Comprar<\/td>\r\n<td>No compr\u00e9is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Tener<\/td>\r\n<td>No teng\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pedir<\/td>\r\n<td>No pid\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThere are also irregular negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands that you will have to memorize.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\"><strong>Verbo<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\"><strong>Irregular negative vosotros command<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Dar<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No d\u00e9is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Ir<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No vay\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Ser<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No se\u00e1is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Estar<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No est\u00e9is<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nNow, let\u2019s see some examples of negative vosotros commands.\r\n\r\nNo lleg\u00e1is tarde.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) arrive late.\r\n\r\nNo teng\u00e1is miedo.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) be afraid.\r\n\r\nNo habl\u00e9is muy r\u00e1pido.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) speak too quickly.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.34. Los mandatos vosotros<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWrite the affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command for the following verbs.\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Modelo: Salir<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Affirmative vosotros command:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Salid<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Negative vosotros command:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>No salg\u00e1is<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"85\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.35. Las recomendaciones para ser mejores<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIndicate what you recommend and do not recommend to your classmates according to the following categories.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hacer algo para la mente (mind)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>(S\u00ed): Leed un buen libro<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>(No): No mir\u00e9is la tele m\u00e1s de dos horas diarias<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Hacer algo positivo o bueno por los amigos<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Hacer algo bueno para el alma (soul)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>Hacer algo relacionado con el arte<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>Hacer algo para cuidar de vuestro cuerpo (take care of your body)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>Hacer algo por la familia<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.36. \u00bfQu\u00e9 recomiendas?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou are in charge of giving recommendations to the freshman class about what to do or not to do to become part of your university\u2019s community. Write a short speech welcoming the new class and offering some advice.\r\n\r\nMake sure that you include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A greeting<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A personal introduction (who you are and why you are in a position to give advice)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>At least three things that you recommend doing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>At least three things that you do not recommend doing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A closing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-E. Object pronouns: Avoiding repetition<\/h2>\r\nWhen we speak, we naturally try to make speech more fluid and avoid unnecessary repetition. One way that we do this is by replacing <strong>direct objects<\/strong> that have already been established with a pronoun. For example, look at the following sentences:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>I take the bus to school. I wait for it five minutes every day.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I am going to make some coffee. I will drink it from my favorite mug.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nCan you identify what the direct object is and how it is replaced to avoid repetition? Remember that the direct object identifies who or what receives the action of the verb. For number 1, the verb is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to take<\/em><\/span>; therefore, the question that one should ask is \u201cWhat do I take?\u201d The answer, \u201cthe bus,\u201d is the direct object. The second sentence in number 1 replaces the direct object, \u201cthe bus,\u201d with the pronoun <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>it<\/em><\/span> to avoid saying \u201cthe bus\u201d again. For number 2, in the first sentence the verb is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to make<\/em><\/span>, so one should ask \u201cWhat am I going to make?\u201d to find the direct object. The answer is \u201ccoffee,\u201d which then is also replaced with <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>it<\/em><\/span> in the second sentence.\r\n\r\nIn Spanish, just like in English, it is very common to avoid repeating the direct object by replacing it with a direct object pronoun. The direct project pronouns are the following:\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\"><strong>Pronombres de complemento directo<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\"><strong>Direct object pronouns<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Me<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Me<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Te<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">You<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Lo<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Him, it (masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">La<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Her, it (feminine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Nos<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Us<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Os<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">You all<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Los<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Them (masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Las<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Them (feminine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nSince direct object pronouns replace the direct object (a noun), they have to agree in gender and number with the noun they are replacing.\r\n\r\nSee the following examples:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ella bebe caf\u00e9. <strong>Lo<\/strong> prefiere fr\u00edo.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">She drinks coffee. She prefers it cold.<\/p>\r\nWhat does she drink? Coffee. Then coffee is the direct object. In Spanish, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el caf\u00e9<\/em><\/span> is a singular masculine noun, so we need <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>lo<\/em><\/span> to replace it.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Yo hablo con Laura frecuentemente. <strong>La<\/strong> veo casi todos los d\u00edas.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">I talk to Laura often. I see her almost every day.<\/p>\r\nWho do I speak with frequently? Laura. Then Laura is the direct object. Laura is a girl, and there is only one, so we would need <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span> to replace her name.\r\n<h3>Placement of direct object pronouns<\/h3>\r\nWhile in English, object pronouns are usually placed directly after the verb, this is not the case in Spanish. Direct object pronouns can appear in two places:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>If there is one verb in the sentence, then the pronoun appears before the conjugated verb.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Example: Siempre me trae caf\u00e9. \/ She always brings me coffee.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>If there are two verbs in the sentence, it can appear:\r\na. Before the first conjugated verb.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Example: Lo voy a necesitar.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Attached to an infinitive.<\/p>\r\nExample: Voy a necesitar<strong>lo<\/strong>.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. It cannot go between the conjugated verb and the infinitive.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Incorrect example: Voy a lo necesitar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.37. Emparejar<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nUsing a through e, match the initial statements listed first to the responses or second statements listed below based on the context.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"83\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.38. Sin repetici\u00f3n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Fill in the blanks with the correct direct object pronoun to avoid repetition. See number 1 for a model.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"86\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.39. Las preguntas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Circle the direct object in each question.\r\n\r\nPaso 2\u2014Answer the questions and avoid repetition by replacing the direct object with a pronoun.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfVas a traer caf\u00e9 a la reuni\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>S\u00ed, lo voy a traer.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00bfNecesitas sacar dinero del cajero autom\u00e1tico?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfVas a tomar fotos durante el espect\u00e1culo?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfNecesitas enviar cartas por correo esta semana?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfVas a comprar juguetes para tus sobrinos?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>\u00bfNecesitas comprar analg\u00e9sicos en la farmacia?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.40. \u00bfQu\u00e9 haces en tu comunidad?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nTake turns with a partner asking and responding to questions about what you do in your community with family and friends. Make sure that you avoid repetition by replacing the direct object with a pronoun. As your partner answers, ask a follow-up question related to their response.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 1: <strong>\u00bfInvitas a tus amigos a pasear por el centro de la ciudad frecuentemente?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 2: <strong>S\u00ed, los invito a pasear frecuentemente.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 1: <strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo los invitas a pasear?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 2: <strong>Los invito a pasear los viernes y s\u00e1bados.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ideas<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Invitar a los amigos a tomar un caf\u00e9<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ver exposiciones de arte frecuentemente con amigos<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hacer la compra con amigos\/familiares<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hacer voluntariado con amigos<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Comprar regalos para amigos o familia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-F. Estrategias de comunicaci\u00f3n: Expressing agreement and disagreement<\/h2>\r\nReturn to the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>How does <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la madre de Ana<\/em><\/span> respond when Ana says she is going to go to the market?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does Sra. Mart\u00ednez express that her favorite part of having coffee at the market isn\u2019t the coffee itself but rather the opportunity to socialize?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nJust as the terms \u201cI agree\u201d and \u201cI disagree\u201d in English allow us to connect with what someone has said and express our own perspective in relation to it, Spanish has a similar structure. However, the phrase in Spanish differs in that we use the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> to say that \u201cI am in agreement\u201d or \u201cI am not in agreement\u201d: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Estoy de acuerdo<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>No estoy de acuerdo<\/em><\/span>.\r\n\r\nSimilar to this slight variation in Spanish, to express agreement by saying that someone is \u201cright,\u201d we say that that person \u201chas reason,\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tiene raz\u00f3n<\/em><\/span>.\r\n\r\n<strong>Tener raz\u00f3n\u2014to be right\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No tener raz\u00f3n\u2014to be wrong<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Estar de acuerdo\u2014to agree\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No estar de acuerdo\u2014to disagree<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFor both of these structures as well as a variety of other ways of expressing opinion by agreeing or disagreeing, to make the statement negative, we add a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> <strong>before the verb, not before the noun<\/strong>. So, whereas in English we would say \u201cYou are wrong,\u201d in Spanish we say \u201cNo tienes raz\u00f3n.\u201d Where in English we might say \u201cThat\u2019s not true,\u201d in Spanish we say \u201cNo es cierto.\u201d Don\u2019t forget to change the placement of the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>\u00a1no tienes raz\u00f3n!<\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\nRemember that you can also show tacit agreement or disagreement by expressing a negative or positive opinion with the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>qu\u00e9<\/em><\/span>.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\"><strong>Words and phrases to show agreement<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><strong>Words and phrases to show disagreement<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Estoy de acuerdo. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(I agree.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No estoy de acuerdo. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(I disagree. \/ I don\u2019t agree.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Tienes raz\u00f3n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(You\u2019re right.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No tienes raz\u00f3n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(You\u2019re wrong.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Es cierto. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s true. \/ That\u2019s true.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No es cierto. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s not true. \/ That\u2019s not true.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Es la verdad. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s the truth.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No es la verdad. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s not the truth. \/ That\u2019s not the truth.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Yo tambi\u00e9n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Me too.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Yo tampoco. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Me neither.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">Es falso. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s false. \/ That\u2019s false.)\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">\u00a1Qu\u00e9 s\u00ed! <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Yes!)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">\u00a1Qu\u00e9 no! <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(No!)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.41. \u00bfEst\u00e1s de acuerdo?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nUse the above phrases to express your personal agreement or disagreement with the following statements. Then explain.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>La mejor estaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o es el verano.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Estoy de acuerdo. Me gusta el calor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Los gatos son mejores que los perros.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Es importante dormir ocho horas cada noche.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>Todo el mundo debe correr para hacer ejercicio.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>Es necesario ir a la iglesia los domingos.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>La mejor estaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o es el invierno.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ol start=\"6\">\r\n \t<li>El D\u00eda de la Independencia es la celebraci\u00f3n cultural m\u00e1s importante en los Estados Unidos.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.42. \u00bfL\u00f3gico o il\u00f3gico?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following statements and decide whether the given response of the person indicated is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>l\u00f3gico o il\u00f3gico<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Es necesario hacer la tarea todas las semanas.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Un profesor dice \u201cEstoy de acuerdo.\u201d\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>l\u00f3gico<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"87\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>4-G. Asking for and expressing opinions and recommendations: \u00bfQu\u00e9 piensas?<\/h2>\r\n\u00bfRecuerdas c\u00f3mo hacer preguntas? As you advance in your conversational proficiency, you will want to continually review the interrogative, or question, words in Spanish.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\"><strong>Espa\u00f1ol<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\"><strong>Ingl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">What?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1l?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Which?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">When?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">How?\/What?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfD\u00f3nde?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Where?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Why?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn chapter 2, you learned to use these words to learn more and to clarify information. These questions are also very important for continuing a conversation, with <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>qu\u00e9<\/em><\/span> being one of the most important words you will use. In the previous section, you saw how to express agreement and disagreement. By asking for an opinion, you can expand even more your ability to discuss topics that are relevant to you as well as further your relationships with others.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Key phrases for asking for opinions<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Sentence starters to give an opinion<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 piensas?<\/td>\r\n<td>Pienso que\u2026<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 crees?<\/td>\r\n<td>Creo que\u2026<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 quieres?<\/td>\r\n<td>Quiero\u2026<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 prefieres?<\/td>\r\n<td>Prefiero\u2026<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou will also want to be able to respond to these questions and provide recommendations, opinions, and advice. There are many structures that can be used to make recommendations in Spanish, and one of them is simply starting with a verb that expresses an opinion, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>pienso<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>creo<\/em><\/span>. Finally, to be more direct, you can say what someone should or you recommend they do using the verbs <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span>.\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>r<\/em><em>ecomendar<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\r\nJust like with their meanings in English, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>should<\/em><\/span> can express both objective realities that need to happen (Estoy en Starbucks. Debo pagar por mi caf\u00e9.) as well as more subjective recommendations (\u00a1Debes venir al mercado! \u00a1Es divertido!). <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> expresses the recommendation a bit more explicitly than <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span>, of course. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> is a regular -er verb and is conjugated for the person who needs to do the activity, just like the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>should<\/em><\/span> in English:\r\n\r\nI should study.\u2014Debo estudiar.\r\n\r\nThey should practice soccer.\u2014Deben practicar el f\u00fatbol.\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h3>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Deb<strong>o<\/strong> estudiar.<\/td>\r\n<td>Deb<strong>emos<\/strong> ir a la panader\u00eda.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Deb<strong>es<\/strong> venir al mercado conmigo.<\/td>\r\n<td>Deb<strong>\u00e9is<\/strong> escuchar a la profesora.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Miguel deb<strong>e<\/strong> comer m\u00e1s vegetales.<\/td>\r\n<td>Deb<strong>en<\/strong> practicar el f\u00fatbol.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> is a stem-changing -ar verb and is conjugated for the person making the recommendation.\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h3>\r\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Aconsejar<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h4>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>o<\/strong> estudiar. Hay un examen.<\/td>\r\n<td>Recom<strong>e<\/strong>nd<strong>amos<\/strong> ir a la panader\u00eda. Es nuestra favorita.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00bfRecom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong>s ir al mercado hoy?<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00bfRecom<strong>e<\/strong>nd<strong>\u00e1is<\/strong> el restaurante al lado de vuestra casa?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El m\u00e9dico recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong> comer m\u00e1s vegetales.<\/td>\r\n<td>Los entrenadores recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>an<\/strong> practicar el f\u00fatbol.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Impersonal expressions<\/h3>\r\nAnother way to express a recommendation for someone is to use the phrases \u201cEs necesario\u201d or \u201cEs importante\u201d prior to the activity. These impersonal expressions do not change depending on the person recommending or needing the recommendation. Instead, they express what needs to happen or what is important to do in general. Read the following bits of conversations to see how these expressions are used.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Mam\u00e1, tengo un dilema. Mis amigas y yo queremos salir a tomar un caf\u00e9 pero no sabemos ad\u00f3nde queremos ir.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Deben ir al centro comercial. Hay muchos caf\u00e9s muy buenos.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Gracias por la recomendaci\u00f3n, Mam\u00e1. Estoy de acuerdo que son muy buenos. \u00bfRecomiendas un caf\u00e9 en particular?\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> A m\u00ed me gusta mucho el caf\u00e9 de Tinker.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Ah s\u00ed, ese caf\u00e9 siempre est\u00e1 muy rico. Pero el lugar no est\u00e1 cerca de una parada de autob\u00fas. Para mis amigas y yo, es necesario usar el transporte p\u00fablico. No todas mis amigas tienen carros, y para m\u00ed, es importante cuidar el medio ambiente (environment).\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Aj\u00e1, ahora veo el dilema. Pues, s\u00e9 que hay un restaurante nuevo en el centro comercial al norte de la ciudad. La Se\u00f1ora Garc\u00eda lo recomienda.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Pero Mam\u00e1, \u00a1toma una hora para llegar al norte en autob\u00fas!\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Tienes raz\u00f3n. Aconsejo considerar tus prioridades antes de decidir.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> \u00a1Ya s\u00e9! Mis amigas deben venir aqu\u00ed a tomar un caf\u00e9. Pueden caminar y no necesitan pagar nada.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Creo que es una buena soluci\u00f3n. Y tus amigas siempre son bienvenidas en casa.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.43. Frases para recomendar<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nMake a list of the expressions used to make recommendations in the above dialogue.\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.44. Conjugaciones de deber y recomendar<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conjugate <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span> according to the following subjects.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Deber (vosotros)\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>deb\u00e9is<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Recomendar (ella)\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>recomienda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"88\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.45. \u00bfDeber o recomendar?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the situation and the two options and then select the most appropriate and logical response that you would have for the person given the situation. Answer from your perspective and pay attention to who is receiving the advice and who is giving it.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tu mejor amiga tiene un examen ma\u00f1ana.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>a. Debo estudiar.<\/strong>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>b. Recomiendo estudiar.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[h5p id=\"89\"]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.46. \u00bfQu\u00e9 debo hacer?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Read the following statements from Ana as she describes what she wants or needs. Then tell her where she should go (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debe ir<\/em><\/span>) or should do (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debe hacer<\/em><\/span>) to solve her problem by selecting the best option.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">[h5p id=\"90\"]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.47. Dando consejos<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nListen to the following statements and provide two pieces of advice in writing. One of your statements should use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debes<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es importante<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomiendo<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>aconsejo<\/em><\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es necesario<\/em><\/span>. The other statement should use a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command, either affirmative or negative, as necessary.\r\n\r\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estoy muy cansada.\r\n<\/strong><strong>a. Debes dormir m\u00e1s.\r\nb. <\/strong><strong>No juegues videojuegos hasta muy tarde.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Tengo un examen ma\u00f1ana.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\na.\r\n\r\nb.\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Tengo mucha hambre.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\na.\r\n\r\nb.\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li>No hay m\u00e1s pan en la casa.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\na.\r\n\r\nb.\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li>Mi equipo de f\u00fatbol no gana muchos juegos.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\na.\r\n\r\nb.\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li>Es el verano y no hay clases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\na.\r\n\r\nb.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.48. Preparaci\u00f3n para el mercado internacional<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou will prepare to buy and sell items at an \u201cinternational marketplace\u201d during class time. Complete the following steps to be ready:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Choose a type of store or stand from the following.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Una helader\u00eda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una zapater\u00eda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una carnicer\u00eda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una fruter\u00eda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Un caf\u00e9<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una joyer\u00eda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una tienda de ropa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li>Choose a Spanish-speaking country to represent for the market and learn what the currency is in that country. Then fill out the currency conversion chart with approximate equivalencies. Rounding is all right! Make sure you also learn the symbol associated with the country<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw, find photos of, or bring in physical items that you want to sell as part of your market stand. You must be able to describe each item in a complete sentence in Spanish and express how much it costs. Items may not cost more than $30 each.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.49. El mercado internacional<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Together in class, students share the relative equivalencies of their currency. All students should write the correct numbers in their individual charts.\r\n\r\nPaso 2\u2014For the marketplace, students will need to (1) <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>only<\/em><\/span> use the target language, (2) have at least two negotiations before agreeing on the final price, and (3) record their sales and purchases. Together as a group, brainstorm some expressions students can use to ask for a different price. Think about all the phrases you have learned to make recommendations, express agreement and disagreement, and give commands.\r\n\r\nPaso 3\u2014Students will be divided into two groups. One group will start by selling and the other group will start by buying. Halfway through, students will switch places. Those who will be selling first should set up their market stands by their country\u2019s flag.\r\n\r\nYour instructor will have paper versions of the currency of each country represented available, including US dollars. Students will receive $100 each at the beginning of the round but will need to go to the banker to exchange the amount they want.\r\n\r\nPaso 4\u2014\u00a1Se abre el mercado! The professor will serve as a banker. Be sure to have the copies of currency printed as well as a currency calculator ready to go. This converter works well: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xe.com\/currencyconverter\/.\">https:\/\/www.xe.com\/currencyconverter\/.<\/a><\/span>\r\n<h3>Currency equivalency chart<\/h3>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\"><strong>Pa\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><strong>Moneda y s\u00edmbolo<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$5<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$10<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$15<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$20<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$25<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Argentina<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Bolivia<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Chile<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Colombia<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Costa Rica<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Cuba<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Ecuador<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Espa\u00f1a<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Guatemala<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Guinea Ecuatorial<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Honduras<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">M\u00e9xico<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Nicaragua<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Panam\u00e1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Paraguay<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Per\u00fa<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Puerto Rico<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">El Salvador<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Uruguay<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Venezuela<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Registro de compras<\/h3>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Objeto y descripci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Precio original<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Precio final<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Una camisa blanca<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>55 soles (PEN)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>40 soles<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Registro de ventas<\/h3>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><strong>Objeto<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 3<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><strong>Ganancia total<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.50. Lo que es necesario<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIn this activity, you will discuss what college students like you need to do to be successful in their studies, to maintain positive relationships, and to take an active role in their communities.\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Using the model as an example, write a recommendation for a classmate regarding each of the categories below. Try to vary your sentences, using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es necesario<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es importante<\/em><\/span>. Be prepared to defend your recommendation. You will fill out the last two columns in pasos 2 and 3 after speaking with a classmate.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Categor\u00eda<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Recomendaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Opini\u00f3n de mi compa\u00f1ero<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfEstamos de acuerdo?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Modelo:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>La comunidad<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Debemos comprar de tiendas locales<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Los estudios<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>La familia<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>La vida sana<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>La comunidad<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nPaso 2\u2014Now, share your recommendations with your partner and take notes on their responses. After you share, they should express agreement or disagreement and justify their response. After each category, note whether you are in agreement or disagreement about what needs to be done.\r\n\r\nPaso 3\u2014Once you both have shared all recommendations and responses, choose the best recommendation overall that you both agree upon to share with the class.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal e interpretativa 4.51. Los gastos: \u00bfC\u00f3mo puedo mejor manejar mi dinero?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIn this activity, you will discuss your spending habits with a partner and compare them to an infographic that makes recommendations about spending.\r\n\r\nPaso 1\u2014Take turns asking your partner and answering questions (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>s\u00ed o no<\/em><\/span>) about spending habits using the following chart. Include two more things that you think your partner spends money on.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Actividad<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfTodos los d\u00edas?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfCada semana?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfTres veces al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfDos veces al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfUna vez al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfMenos de una vez al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1nto pagas?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Vas a la helader\u00eda\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Comes en un restaurante\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Compras ropa nueva\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Vas al supermercado\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Compras un caf\u00e9 o una bebida\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Compras en l\u00ednea\u2026<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nPaso 2\u2014Calcula el total que gasta tu compa\u00f1ero en cada categor\u00eda por mes. Luego, compara la informaci\u00f3n con tus gastos.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Actividad o lugar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Gasto por mes de mi compa\u00f1ero<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u00bfEs m\u00e1s o menos de lo que gasto yo?<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>La helader\u00eda (u otras golosinas)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Los restaurantes<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Las tiendas de ropa<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>El supermercado<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Los caf\u00e9s (incluyendo Starbucks)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Amazon u otros sitios web<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nPaso 3\u2014Leer y hacer recomendaciones. Follow along with your professor and your classmates as you read the infographic about habits that steal your money: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogylana.com\/habitos-que-te-roban-dinero-infografia\/.\">https:\/\/www.blogylana.com\/habitos-que-te-roban-dinero-infografia\/.<\/a> <\/span>Which ones resonate with you?\r\n\r\nPaso 4\u2014Write three recommendations for your partner to better manage their money. Use any of the structures from the chapter:\r\n\r\nRecomiendo\u2026 Es importante\u2026 Debes\u2026\r\n\r\nPaso 5\u2014Get ready to share your recommendations with the class! As your classmates share, raise your hand if you agree with the recommendation your classmate is making.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.52. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es m\u00e1s importante, el precio o el local?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou are going to participate in a debate about the relative importance of buying local. Your professor will assign you to one of the following groups.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Group A: This group will argue in favor of using sites like Amazon for most shopping.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Group B: This group will argue in favor of purchasing from locally owned businesses.<\/p>\r\nPaso 1\u2014Together with your group, prepare a list of reasons to support your position.\r\n\r\nPaso 2\u2014Together with your group, anticipate what the other group\u2019s reasons might be and think about how to respond to them. Consider reviewing how to express agreement\/disagreement and recommendations.\r\n\r\nPaso 3\u2014\u00a1Al debate! Follow your instructor\u2019s lead to engage in a civil debate.\r\n\r\nPaso 4\u2014Reflexi\u00f3n personal. Now, take some time to write a brief reflection about your personal opinion on this issue.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Communicative goals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify and describe places in the community.<\/li>\n<li>Ask for and give directions.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lo\">Make purchases.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lo\">Express agreement and disagreement.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lo\">Offer recommendations and opinions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"bh\"><strong>Cultural goals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Research and present on notable places in the Spanish-speaking world.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lo\">Become familiar with and compare different currencies in the Spanish-speaking world.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lo\">Compare and contrast aspects of Spanish-speaking communities and students\u2019 home communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"I\"><\/a>I. <span class=\"ccust1\" style=\"color: #0f7d99;\">Tira c\u00f3mica<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>It&#8217;s market day! Ana goes to the farmers market and meets up with her neighbor, Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image95.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: Ana stands holding her purse in the kitchen with her mom. Ana is wearing a yellow blouse with flowers and her mom is wearing a pink blouse and skirt with flowers. Ana says, &quot;Voy al mercado en media hora. \u00bfQu\u00e9 debo comparar?&quot; Panel 2: The panel zooms in to Ana's mother's face. &quot;Tienes raz\u00f3n, Ana. Es s\u00e1bado y d\u00eda de mercado. Necesito fruta, vegetales, y flores. El lunes puedo ir al supermercado por todo lo dem\u00e1s.&quot; Panel 3: Ana says, &quot;Est\u00e1 bien. Si necesitas otra cosa, me llamas. Voy a estar all\u00ed un rato porque siempre tienen muchas cosas que ver y hacer.&quot; Panel 4: Ana gives her mom a kiss on the cheek.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image96.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: The panel shows a scene at the local open market. Central and South American flags are hung near the top. On the left there are fruit and vegetable displays with weighing scales. On the right, there are green pears. Panel 2: There is an older shopkeeper standing in a stall, with gray hair and a gray mustache wearing a red button-down shirt. Ana says to him, &quot;Buenos d\u00edas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tal est\u00e1n las manzanas hoy?&quot; The man responds, &quot;Hola. Las manzanas est\u00e1n grandes y deliciosas.&quot; Panel 3: The panel zooms in on some fruit displays, with hanging scales for weighing. Off-panel, Ana says, &quot;Excelente. \u00bfMe da dos libras, por favor?&quot; The shopkeeper responds from off-panel, &quot;\u00bfPrefiere las rojas que est\u00e1n enfrente o estas verdes que est\u00e1n detr\u00e1s?&quot; Ana replies, &quot;Me gustan las rojas que est\u00e1n enfrente, al lado de las peras.&quot; Panel 4: The panel zooms in on a hanging scale filled with red apples, weighing about 2.5 lbs. From off-panel, the shopkeeper says, &quot;\u00a1Buena elecci\u00f3n! \u00bfAlgo m\u00e1s?&quot; Ana says, &quot;Eso es todo. Muchas gracias.&quot; Panel 5: Ana carries her pink purse and her bag of red apples past a red counter that says, &quot;Caf\u00e9&quot; with a barista in a green apron by a coffee maker.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image97.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: To the right of the caf\u00e9, a woman with short gray hair and a blue shirt sits at a table with a steaming cup of coffee and a yellow coffeepot. A small beige dog lays by her feet. She calls out to Ana, &quot;\u00a1Qu\u00e9 gusto verte! Ven a tomarte un caf\u00e9.&quot; Ana responds by saying &quot; Buenos d\u00edas, Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez.&quot; Panel 2: Ana sits down across from Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez and takes a second cup at her place. &quot;Claro que s\u00ed, gracias. Necesito cafe\u00edna. Hace un d\u00eda precioso y no hay nada mejor que tomar un caf\u00e9 al aire libre.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows a close-up of Se\u00f1ora Mart\u00ednez's smiling face. She has a few wrinkles around her eyes and mouth. &quot;Temo que no estoy de acuerdo, Ana. Para m\u00ed, la compa\u00f1\u00eda es lo m\u00e1s importante.&quot; Ana reaches down to pet the dog. &quot;S\u00ed, Sra. Mart\u00ednez, es cierto.&quot; Panel 4: The panel nows zooms in on Ana's face. Off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Vengo todos los s\u00e1bados al mercado porque me recuerda mucho mi pa\u00eds, Guatemala.&quot; Ana says, &quot;Ah, \u00bfs\u00ed? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?&quot; Panel 5: &quot;Este tipo de mercado es com\u00fan all\u00e1. Tambi\u00e9n, es lindo comprar de negocios peque\u00f1os. Puedes pedir lo que necesites y ellos te lo traen si pueden,&quot; says Sra. Mart\u00ednez. The panel shows an open market, with a woman sitting on the ground with hats on a blanket in front of her, and children gathered around a yellow stand that says, &quot;arte con globos.&quot; There's a person inside the stand making teal blue balloon animal.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1038\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image98.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: Ana says, &quot;Estoy de acuerdo. A m\u00ed me gustan porque puedo ver a personas de toda la comunidad y hablar con ellas.&quot; Sra. Mart\u00ednez points behind Ana. &quot;Tambi\u00e9n a m\u00ed. Vengo siempre que est\u00e1 abierto el mercado. Mira...&quot; She points to a brown-skinned man with dark hair and beard in a yellow shirt standing behind a glass counter in front of a red brick wall. Panel 2: The panel zooms in on the man behind the counter. There is meat inside the glass case, with signs that say, &quot;Carne de res 4.99 lb&quot; and &quot;Especiales pechuga de pollo 3.99 lb.&quot; From off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;El se\u00f1or Smith tiene una carnicer\u00eda. Siempre trae productos org\u00e1nicos.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows a pale woman with shoulder-length brown hair wearing a red apron in front of a bread stand. From off-panel, Sr. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Mi amiga Laura vende el mejor pan de la ciudad. Pronto va a abrir su propia panader\u00eda.&quot; The panel shows Laura imagining a green-roofed building that says &quot;panader\u00eda&quot; and &quot;pan&quot; on it.\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image99.jpg\" alt=\"Panel 1: The panel shows a reinforced window with a jewelry display case inside. There are signs that says &quot;Joyas&quot; and &quot;Anillos,&quot; with pictures of earings and rings. A sign on the window says, &quot;Cerrado.&quot; From off-panel Sr. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Desafortunadamente, el puesto de joyer\u00eda est\u00e1 cerrado hoy. Pero tienen joyas hechas a mano que son preciosas.&quot; Panel 2: The panel shows Sra. Mart\u00ednez imagining a police officer behind a small stand that says, &quot;Polic\u00eda&quot; with a gold badge on a blue background. Off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Y bueno, me tengo que ir. Quiero pasar por el puesto de la polic\u00eda porque quiero pedirles que hagan una presentaci\u00f3n para nuestro grupo de vecinos.&quot; Panel 3: The panel shows Sra. Mart\u00ednez imagining a priest with brown skin and black hair standing next to a picture of the Virgin Mary. From off-panel, Sra. Mart\u00ednez says, &quot;Y despu\u00e9s, necesito hablar con el Padre Ram\u00f3n sobre una celebraci\u00f3n de la Virgen que vamos a organizar.&quot; Panel 4: The panel zooms in on Sra. Mart\u00ednez's face. She says, &quot;Gracias por tomar un caf\u00e9 conmigo. Saludos a tu madre y cu\u00eddate.&quot; Panel 5: The panel zooms in on Ana's face. She waves and says, &quot;\u00a1Adi\u00f3s!&quot;\" width=\"650\" height=\"1039\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.1.<\/span> Comprensi\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-73\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-73\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"73\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.1. Comprensi\u00f3n\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"II\"><\/a>II. <span class=\"ccust2\" style=\"color: #333399;\">\u00bfTe fijaste que\u2026? Las comunidades en el mundo hispano<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"bhaft\">Las tiendas y la pr\u00e1ctica de comprar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.2.<\/span> Las tiendas y la pr\u00e1ctica de comprar<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-74\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-74\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"74\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.2. Las tiendas y la pr\u00e1ctica de comprar\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"chaft\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Las tiendas y las pr\u00e1cticas de comprar<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pf\">Markets, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">mercados<\/span><\/em><\/span>, are both popular and important around the world. In Spanish-speaking communities across the globe, many residents shop at <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">supermercados<\/span><\/em><\/span>, or large grocery chains, as well as smaller, more local stores. Similar to the weekly farmers\u2019 markets open during the warmer months in many communities in the United States, it is very common for local vendors to come together to sell their products on a set <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">d\u00eda de mercado<\/span><\/em><\/span>. Unlike in the US, however, these days are rarely on Sundays, since, as you learned in chapter 3, Sundays are generally reserved for time with family. Other days of the week are shopping days, and it\u2019s common to visit several shops several times per week rather than making one large trip to last for a week or even two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p\">Even amid the changes of globalization, in many parts of the world, small businesses still represent important parts of local economies and daily life for both residents and business owners. In much of the Spanish-speaking world, there are both large department store\u2013style establishments similar to Walmart and smaller shops that specialize in one particular area and operate a small business selling a specific type of merchandise.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p\">Because there are so many different types of specialized <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">tiendas<\/span><\/em><\/span> (stores), each one has its own name. <span class=\"i\">Pan<\/span> (bread) and other baked goods are sold at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">panader\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. A butcher, who sells <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">carne<\/span><\/em><\/span> (meat), owns or works at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">carnicer\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. If you are looking for the laundromat where you would <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">lavar<\/span><\/em><\/span> (wash) your clothes, you go to a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">lavander\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">Zapatos<\/span><\/em><\/span> (shoes) are sold and repaired at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">zapater\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. Don\u2019t forget about <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">juguetes<\/span><\/em><\/span> (toys), which are sold at a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">jugueter\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>. While in English we often refer to these places with the word <span class=\"i\">store<\/span> (bookstore, for example), in Spanish, we use a version of the word itself and add on -er\u00eda. Where do you go to buy <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">helado<\/span><\/em><\/span> (ice cream)? An <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><span class=\"i\">helader\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/span>, of course!<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"bh\">La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.3.<\/span> La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-75\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-75\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"75\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.3. La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"ch\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: La cortes\u00eda en las tiendas<\/h2>\n<p>Just like Ana greeted the fruit vendor, it is considered good manners to greet or otherwise acknowledge the workers present in a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tienda<\/em><\/span> as you enter and to say good-bye upon leaving. This is a practice that is very common in smaller, independently run stores, even in more urban areas with higher populations.<\/p>\n<p>Whereas in the United States, there\u2019s a cultural emphasis on \u201ccustomer service\u201d that privileges the client\u2014you\u2019ve certainly heard the adage \u201cThe customer is always right!\u201d\u2014in Spanish-speaking countries, there tends to be a more reciprocal relationship. Along with a personal greeting, it is common for employees and store owners to provide samples and also add a bit more to the purchase than the client has asked for and paid for. This used to be a standard practice in the United States\u2014have you ever heard of a \u201cbaker\u2019s dozen\u201d?\u2014but is no longer as common. This added extra has different names in different places, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>pil\u00f3n<\/em><\/span> (Mexico) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yapa<\/em><\/span> (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"bh\">Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.4.<\/span> Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Use the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to indicate whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> o <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-76\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-76\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"76\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.4. Las plazas y su calendario cultural\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"ch\">Conexi\u00f3n cultural: Las plazas y su calendario cultural<\/h2>\n<p>In chapter 2, we discussed the importance of the plaza as a central meeting place for the community. Beyond simply serving as a place to meet and walk around, though, plazas are typically surrounded by, and some might even say composed of, a variety of shops, restaurants, bars, and open-air spaces for concerts and events. Many municipalities, regardless of size, maintain a cultural calendar with a variety of events and expositions that are open to the public. From concerts to lectures, plays, and festivals, plazas or town squares play host to a large quantity of activities that bring the community together. These sorts of traditions represent a cultural commonality between the United States and other Spanish-speaking countries more broadly, though of course, offerings vary from region to region.<\/p>\n<p>Because of this use of the plaza or downtown area as a meeting space and the events and activities that take place there, many communities have a distinctive identity or \u201cfeel\u201d that both defines them as distinctive from other localities and sets the tone for the kind of experience individuals will have there. Whether it\u2019s a neighborhood, a district, or even an entire town, city, or region, many communities cultivate a particular identity that describes, shares, and promotes their unique features and values. This is true across the globe, though the ways in which communities cultivate and express their identities can vary greatly.<\/p>\n<p>In many Spanish-speaking countries, given the influence of Catholicism, many communities celebrate their unique historical and cultural identity through celebrations related to their patron saint. Along with a multiday celebration or festival, community members often organize themselves into <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cofrad\u00edas<\/em><\/span>, or associations, that play a specific role in the unique ways in which the patron saint is venerated. Communities often pride themselves on the particular rituals involved in the celebration, which can be extremely specific to the local community.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 4.5.<\/span> Conexi\u00f3n personal<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Select one of the following topics to elaborate on in a detailed paragraph.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Does your hometown or city have a special character? What makes it unique? When you are looking for something to do with your friends or family, do you have a community calendar to consult? What kinds of events does it include? Where do these events take place and what is their importance and value for you, your family, and the community at large?<\/li>\n<li>When you need to go shopping, do you tend to go to an <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>almac\u00e9n<\/em><\/span> (big box store) or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>supermercado<\/em><\/span> or a smaller local business or market? What factors influence your decision? What are the benefits and drawbacks of shopping at each type of store?<\/li>\n<li>What cultural practices do you engage in while shopping in order to be polite and courteous? What kind of behavior do you expect from store employees and other shoppers? Why might it be a good idea to take the time to acknowledge them as people before you move forward with your request?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.6.<\/span> El calendario cultural<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">What special celebrations or unique customs from Spanish-speaking countries have you heard about? Select one to research. If you need ideas, consider one of the following:<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnlf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1. La Tomatina (Espa\u00f1a)<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">2. El Colacho (Espa\u00f1a)<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">3. El D\u00eda de los Muertos (M\u00e9xico, Guatemala)<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">4. Las posadas navide\u00f1as (Am\u00e9rica Latina)<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnl\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">5. Inti Raymi (Per\u00fa)<\/p>\n<p class=\"exnll\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">6. La Feria de las Flores (Colombia)<\/p>\n<p class=\"ex\">Prepare a one- to two-minute presentation, in Spanish, on this celebration. Be sure to include the following information and one visual:<\/p>\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: windowtext;\">\u2022 \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la celebraci\u00f3n?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfD\u00f3nde tiene lugar?<\/p>\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo tiene lugar?<\/p>\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 existe la celebraci\u00f3n?<\/p>\n<p class=\"exul\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 \u00bfC\u00f3mo celebra la comunidad?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"III\"><\/a>III. <span class=\"ccust2-i\" style=\"color: #333399;\">Ampliaci\u00f3n: Las entregas al domicilio<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad de reflexi\u00f3n cultural 4.7.<\/span> Los diferentes tipos de mercados<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Answer the following questions in a few complete sentences.<\/p>\n<p>When you think of your own personal shopping habits, do you think of going to stores, stands, and trucks or online shopping and mobile apps? Why? Do you expect that shopping in the Spanish-speaking world is similar to or different from your personal experience?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.8.<\/span> Las entregas al domicilio<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following article about the growth of delivery companies in Latin America: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/labsnews.com\/en\/articles\/business\/delivery-sales-have-quadrupled-in-latin-america-over-the-last-five-years\/\">https:\/\/labsnews.com\/en\/articles\/business\/delivery-sales-have-quadrupled-in-latin-america-over-the-last-five-years\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then use the information from the article to indicate whether the following statements are <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cierto<\/em><\/span> o <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>falso<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-77\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-77\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"77\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.8. Las entregas al domicilio\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.9.<\/span> Last-mile delivery<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">Now that you understand the importance of the food industry and food delivery in Latin America, read the following article, which provides more detail on investment in online sales and delivery services: <a href=\"https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2022\/mexico-delivery-apps-funding-survival\/.\">https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2022\/mexico-delivery-apps-funding-survival\/.<\/a> Be sure to pay attention to the images that accompany the text.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ex\">Then use that information to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What do you think the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>entregas<\/em><\/span> means? (See the first photo.) How do you know?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Why do you think Carlos Coronado calls his company Spidi?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>What app does Spidi rely on? Why is this a logical choice?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>What do PideDirecto, Jokr, and J\u00fcsto have in common?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>How does Spidi differ from these other companies?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"ah\"><a id=\"IV\"><\/a>IV. <span class=\"ccust3\" style=\"color: #c75204;\">Vocabulario<\/span><\/h1>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Los lugares<\/td>\n<td>Places<\/td>\n<td>Vocabulario adicional relacionado con la comunidad<\/td>\n<td>Additional vocabulary related to the community<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dQzbMXtYhI0A8StlTwahrIbMXvnzKvu5\/view?usp=drive_link\">El barrio<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SRQqGH480cGr1YnSp3oJR0BBQ7ZFSDUD\/view?usp=drive_link\">La estaci\u00f3n de polic\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1uY_x5eDUXaCk9UBqXBmpQsdosO2mRHRt\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hospital<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1uuIncsJByUI_wZ-lFFEjvzIaVBikv2lt\/view?usp=drive_link\">La clinica<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QUX8JrfqP63h0-KGcNWGPINtNTSv_zPh\/view?usp=drive_link\">La farmacia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fw-LE16I0v5ic3pU7JOAh05XWjdn60YT\/view?usp=drive_link\">La escuela \/ El colegio<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OBqLnhsrfDZtyvcEKtBqr5InZVT1KTLO\/view?usp=drive_link\">La universidad<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Z3G5zxq-Zg00PdW-lYhiLhhwrvma1GmK\/view?usp=drive_link\">La cafeter\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1k-JDMgUBbW9ygMXyBj2wYkWAg-oMBciJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El taller mec\u00e1nico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Xz5aZNLQxyheFRBwvSZLslA_VqlqQ_XW\/view?usp=drive_link\">La gasolinera<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wFYgn6UZRyoiVohMPRxEUk75p7FS46Dd\/view?usp=drive_link\">El parque infantil<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gT20asjXjsbPc7cysYGH_U_z1YMDDLy_\/view?usp=drive_link\">La iglesia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xZQ0lllgvuhlMCzRgyN1lrR-YBsrdJmv\/view?usp=drive_link\">El almac\u00e9n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1qmL3VjnbhVuBAOVvAtas0Q9CqTQtZoNy\/view?usp=drive_link\">El gimnasio<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kDATlbHzB_fZRnkLdhwdMXXSO2L6aczu\/view?usp=drive_link\">El supermercado<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1bfNPX05T9p-GF1GR7CE9Z3FEGjZITu2f\/view?usp=drive_link\">El mercado<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DbfjFvlZOaT7WIlZq1ECMxohMSJUQBhn\/view?usp=drive_link\">El centro comunitario<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TJMuMk2l_-nep79wm8PU96fSZ1AVp9AJ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estadio<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dK1JAuUFcS-Nx_VlDkxEz78ASMDEr8Ap\/view?usp=drive_link\">El banco<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lM5Y1Ldr7betsVIMqqvXhVnCr4G29mxZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">El aeropuerto<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kd1TZuVWD2craRJh6_aAwKsQ_ZotSZmy\/view?usp=drive_link\">La estaci\u00f3n de autobuses\/tren\/metro<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kFSt0a1vCEluq8vnVd4US5NLz1145Dd0\/view?usp=drive_link\">El correo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18BxQwi_20JBARlg5_Lr4zQOaCCsj41Rt\/view?usp=drive_link\">El museo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16Yk03hffDmUSmy-5KQkDdFdvDW4eo2Ge\/view?usp=drive_link\">El hotel<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1d_VJC2DOgvhBaHi_8xIlqE19aDvOLfPi\/view?usp=drive_link\">El teatro<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Cfd2jhWVDh1sBYGnPZyWWCEoYpxQ_ZCK\/view?usp=drive_link\">El zool\u00f3gico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ChkGd5KnrNu30He5RrJJzv_mw9O3qo-k\/view?usp=drive_link\">La sala de conciertos<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1c3-FdajQF1eHRSMJIOsCZImO5C7X8Cbt\/view?usp=drive_link\">Panader\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oJLMj8QAgCA7viRvBYPjru0BTCXyDqb0\/view?usp=drive_link\">Joyer\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CKiaU1MonXFplCa6-3yyfolN6VyVO8Z_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Never\u00eda\/helader\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JAxfxsNBlRerZnZN5Qs-fgOyWX4uRfdO\/view?usp=drive_link\">Taquer\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15ebw0RIUH6N5SPg42WBNR3WxUY1gIpSi\/view?usp=drive_link\">Zapater\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ZNNzBdTAzD-SZWIMvKpf1xj1Nerf0ufi\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lavander\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1IFmKbN98bxZ7f6vS--NkarlkbT60VlEk\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tintorer\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iW-UVtGLBVY94GELLiGHTUxKNzNjgouk\/view?usp=drive_link\">Jugueter\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fgiXLQasP0_rPyQzCTVYnDaelPcGWEbZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Muebler\u00eda<\/a><\/td>\n<td>The neighborhood<\/p>\n<p>Police station<\/p>\n<p>Hospital<\/p>\n<p>Clinic<\/p>\n<p>Pharmacy<\/p>\n<p>School<\/p>\n<p>University<\/p>\n<p>Cafeteria<\/p>\n<p>Mechanic<\/p>\n<p>Gas station<\/p>\n<p>Playground<\/p>\n<p>Church<\/p>\n<p>Department store<\/p>\n<p>Gym<\/p>\n<p>Supermarket<\/p>\n<p>Market<\/p>\n<p>Community center<\/p>\n<p>Stadium<\/p>\n<p>Bank<\/p>\n<p>Airport<\/p>\n<p>Bus\/train\/metro station<\/p>\n<p>Post office<\/p>\n<p>Museum<\/p>\n<p>Hotel<\/p>\n<p>Theater<\/p>\n<p>Zoo<\/p>\n<p>Concert Hall<\/p>\n<p>Bakery<\/p>\n<p>Jewelry Store<\/p>\n<p>Ice cream parlor<\/p>\n<p>Taco shop<\/p>\n<p>Shoe store<\/p>\n<p>Laundromat<\/p>\n<p>Dry cleaner<\/p>\n<p>Toy store<\/p>\n<p>Furniture store<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1STXHwPRWt6L8D5hihNOP-WGKbbQV0kCT\/view?usp=drive_link\">El edificio<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14kUgZCP2auz4qBMlgCGqQT8AyOQuUAxA\/view?usp=drive_link\">El estacionamiento<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1YYOMEB3Kid5LI3fiFOx0PHtapI9eXUXm\/view?usp=drive_link\">La calle<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14pTELYga1ViOOiNDc3pLE83hdBrSEkvq\/view?usp=drive_link\">La avenida<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1EEKf4HDQKlrqizNtKeuyYZpH-skQEEkX\/view?usp=drive_link\">El polic\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NHME_temmccDKepmN9GlEs_kXpJcFJOq\/view?usp=drive_link\">El tr\u00e1fico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/13Htw2K2bGeIIPfidOL5525cA0nnZ9-kg\/view?usp=drive_link\">El embotellamiento<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-9amRZy3ZVClPTaM2d7yubXrV02bQBd4\/view?usp=drive_link\">La gasolina<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SoHh7dx6R5dNUR5Z3Swz_Y67LIfWta8V\/view?usp=drive_link\">La multa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gjMx3Raunv7_he2AtTv2h7edHos16582\/view?usp=drive_link\">El monumento<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Fc4wpiNgifKSksqw5GJUZROEwFmYJQ9P\/view?usp=drive_link\">El concierto<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1zzg7TvVkZyK4Y_gzYIFLs0yJGGEqyt1x\/view?usp=drive_link\">El\/la dependiente<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/10-daO9SmGglaeU_hkGN_h6_0t19TAgAH\/view?usp=drive_link\">La tarjeta de cr\u00e9dito<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wi2ky7-0LqBGGNfu73wLqS8xSI6NVDzD\/view?usp=drive_link\">El efectivo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1G7Nq0p3PBXiRPSoMObcKgpdFQ6i29-Hz\/view?usp=drive_link\">La oferta cultural<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ICoI8YwKsUhuztzOdl_3k5UmjdNCMA_N\/view?usp=drive_link\">El espect\u00e1culo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dZ8cXQtvONMvkD8T3pmtqaFU-rxEBf54\/view?usp=drive_link\">La medicina<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ewI39PU5_vYLtzw89aksmaN6cpx42lD9\/view?usp=drive_link\">El antibi\u00f3tico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HjrOmWF8gdnvT6IHrsyDbx_GBLtcOJZY\/view?usp=drive_link\">El analg\u00e9sico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/107o2xLEDbWhqGva0GyckV1usPFKoS2b0\/view?usp=drive_link\">El\/la m\u00e9dico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HeJVbhjBqO_tTTE8jJAQzec5FOrV0yIN\/view?usp=drive_link\">La carta<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XtvTeUKiUjW46bTUlqQbMo6nCeia14kV\/view?usp=drive_link\">El pan<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1H8CPtLWh89vHCp7VxIa8EV2CCqI22AQa\/view?usp=drive_link\">La carne<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1RgHZUV5CxnG6wdVRo0JtDWu1YMgCARrG\/view?usp=drive_link\">La fruta<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OFkHkiIzOf_Bvx5A0OnmRf7_LOVtEpDS\/view?usp=drive_link\">Los vegetales<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SoHh7dx6R5dNUR5Z3Swz_Y67LIfWta8V\/view?usp=drive_link\">La multa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HnLMhjpeVysMulG7bLc0dqijJTw0r8l_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Misa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1--yTwR8vns9BhxWeG0P_MnVJQOf2_k0I\/view?usp=drive_link\">La ropa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15MCvFwLecaeiIeX9iA8v5Bt6oqaK6-2n\/view?usp=drive_link\">Las joyas<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OnSTVQSxIyY-5-3dE9KjzzahsMzgSQ0k\/view?usp=drive_link\">La obra de arte<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1l5uQd-TtMlH1zVkC1mxibYz-qVbYygb5\/view?usp=drive_link\">La obra de teatro<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Y4_04_3bGLySdKhHpcEse5d5l5pqUJZK\/view?usp=drive_link\">El paquete<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1aDwFyhTlorR0bkaMWX-1DEBCYogfEZd5\/view?usp=drive_link\">El helado<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1blSih1BoUOWtuQBCXPi2w6UgsWnGMt66\/view?usp=drive_link\">Boleto<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OzlQ-jZ2K2yagGE9n1rFEcXyV6QDSWWp\/view?usp=drive_link\">El cajero autom\u00e1tico<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1OtajV2gHVDnw8sXhIqkIvptXc4LMUKl_\/view?usp=drive_link\">Al aire libre<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16zNAD4wNOwCkC2R-lfJWb2_eKv2pAyp5\/view?usp=drive_link\">ayudar a<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1QDtWvs1y-KXovRFIXCNIdpCeTOsy_peT\/view?usp=drive_link\">Doblar<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1R1AUl3uSz4T2MVBiGVpbG2Jo2rip1SM2\/view?usp=drive_link\">Seguir (e\u2192i) derecho o recto<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1l5go8bvmxfYJAvxuB-kVS2etSUEqLrBc\/view?usp=drive_link\">Asistir a un evento<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Building<\/p>\n<p>Parking lot<\/p>\n<p>Street<\/p>\n<p>Avenue<\/p>\n<p>Police<\/p>\n<p>Traffic<\/p>\n<p>Traffic jam<\/p>\n<p>Gasoline<\/p>\n<p>Ticket\/fine<\/p>\n<p>Monument<\/p>\n<p>Concert<\/p>\n<p>Store clerk<\/p>\n<p>Credit card<\/p>\n<p>Cash<\/p>\n<p>Cultural offering<\/p>\n<p>Show<\/p>\n<p>Medicine<\/p>\n<p>Antibiotic<\/p>\n<p>Painkiller<\/p>\n<p>Medic or doctor<\/p>\n<p>Letter<\/p>\n<p>Bread<\/p>\n<p>Meat<\/p>\n<p>Fruit<\/p>\n<p>Vegetables<\/p>\n<p>Fine\/ticket<\/p>\n<p>Mass<\/p>\n<p>Clothing<\/p>\n<p>Jewelry<\/p>\n<p>Work of art<\/p>\n<p>Play<\/p>\n<p>Package<\/p>\n<p>Ice cream<\/p>\n<p>Ticket<\/p>\n<p>ATM<\/p>\n<p>Outside<\/p>\n<p>Help<\/p>\n<p>Turn<\/p>\n<p>Continue straight<\/p>\n<p>Attend an event<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preposiciones<\/td>\n<td>Prepositions<\/td>\n<td>Dar recomendaciones<\/td>\n<td>Making recommendations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/10QPv62lf6ABeGPX-S8XjtkuDatfiKOLG\/view?usp=drive_link\">Para indicar localizaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1D77-hNhLQgTE8Ewm_yFwrYVvhSjdt2SL\/view?usp=drive_link\">Abajo de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fxkcci1A2iwqPxRmfqeWKsHLvKHFN1dR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Arriba de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16VG1CV0r3xlF9hdDw7VQntrXygBEldOy\/view?usp=drive_link\">Alrededor de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16Ye9iUbo5IMeYkslY8snm5YRw2gUky4U\/view?usp=drive_link\">Entre<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iIslVqiNcbILbVxxkg02YesDRniJCaSw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Sobre<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16f_VbTYXmoUJUpqYqMWjUJxaqRQ3pnes\/view?usp=drive_link\">Al lado de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1O5RZhnb53sHVH-UsUrL4xzp-M6WfeWTQ\/view?usp=drive_link\">A la derecha de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CMTVlmUS_yXUSbOqJE6r6bdrDkUb4YI-\/view?usp=drive_link\">A la izquierda de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Sulmh-KO9H_uNSLK2uBxMwMk6YuVR-fe\/view?usp=drive_link\">Cerca de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1tYM-TRwEcQ8XaE8q4i-QaDS8yl6l7iN4\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lejos de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FeJJjU1DPEw0Z306AF3mDEA3rMMfALJ1\/view?usp=drive_link\">Delante de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gjXg_uUlgHvKks6ro13vFyIGPjXs5uSh\/view?usp=drive_link\">Enfrente de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14mpsfHohYbzu4kDe0HIMloOkoSSkeXdQ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Detr\u00e1s de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1a2lMnV7QMNPqykNkD5d34gU53rRoDAaE\/view?usp=drive_link\">Dentro de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Zw_w3XzOYluCgVNpnpn5F1xjI8dsJF_N\/view?usp=drive_link\">Fuera de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1bcLOz2Q4yLFTZ9ETXH48Pwg5YtxVATeS\/view?usp=drive_link\">Encima de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12Jdfh3eAKY6K31zmyHqqJmMUJVupc5lE\/view?usp=drive_link\">Debajo de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ZdCZRSSnyt-hs2BYyfm_vHeekNlItJZ3\/view?usp=drive_link\">Para indicar movimiento<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wllhFTibE248oESRlE5FPpUn5lwfTunv\/view?usp=drive_link\">A<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1R9OH_dvrzLWkCoHU9GuwmpgK3ipcbltz\/view?usp=drive_link\">En<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1FHSUW2IdIC6kAYnW5IvUp6QqJRaIDjju\/view?usp=drive_link\">Desde<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ooyGnT3yXC2X2OSApSGVN3x8TI8xB52r\/view?usp=drive_link\">Por<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SU8Sxp3q-2OConJOylMF_cg85aX0IGgZ\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hacia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1xhorvEJzApMKaHUbbJDAuQYP6BHo73Xd\/view?usp=drive_link\">Hasta<\/a><\/td>\n<td>To indicate location<\/p>\n<p>Below<\/p>\n<p>On top of<\/p>\n<p>Around<\/p>\n<p>Between<\/p>\n<p>On<\/p>\n<p>Next to<\/p>\n<p>To the right of<\/p>\n<p>To the left of<\/p>\n<p>Close to<\/p>\n<p>Far from<\/p>\n<p>In front of<\/p>\n<p>In front of but facing each other<\/p>\n<p>Behind<\/p>\n<p>Inside<\/p>\n<p>Outside<\/p>\n<p>On top of<\/p>\n<p>Below<\/p>\n<p>To indicate movement<\/p>\n<p>To<\/p>\n<p>In, on, at<\/p>\n<p>Since, from<\/p>\n<p>By, around<\/p>\n<p>Toward<\/p>\n<p>Until<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12nelfqOLpBLqgbKmgpjm0uMpnROv4_Pw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es importante<\/a> + inf.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Z0bNNIkcnMeyT87zCbN8AiyfnW90ULsF\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es necesario<\/a> + inf.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/11bKv787TlD0mVPAl35jKN7zh9YNyGdXn\/view?usp=drive_link\">Debes<\/a> + inf.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1jB5-6-WsSkBXXys8gKKYzCYSkyJS-t4b\/view?usp=drive_link\">Recomiendo<\/a> + inf.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yI3rfr8FByPX-OwwI5OmE5JHb4GbIGRq\/view?usp=drive_link\">Aconsejar<\/a> + inf.<\/td>\n<td>It is important to<\/p>\n<p>It is necessary to<\/p>\n<p>You should<\/p>\n<p>I recommend<\/p>\n<p>I advise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frases para mostrar acuerdo y desacuerdo<\/td>\n<td>Phrases that indicate agreement or disagreement<\/td>\n<td>Pronombres de objeto directo<\/td>\n<td>Direct object pronouns<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1J7MPvCZGFhELosCl6FRgSh9V6lWGYIlm\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy de acuerdo que\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1qCmFjJqTyDv7_VxWaCrRjhYf_rqotE9b\/view?usp=drive_link\">Tienes raz\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1SSdEHai9AKh1fp-cYyXJargnSHaiiIp-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Creo que est\u00e1s en lo correcto<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XO6esMzuHq6LCkHxBxLbLxcfQLJjX0Y7\/view?usp=drive_link\">Estoy seguro\/a<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1KtnH6y6sAiBXE12B4Y1JTZZ9g9Z2KJV6\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me parece bien<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JRIc-xWyda7GiWNyPZBxHIgF3942vFTW\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo tambi\u00e9n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fQ5tCsO7IP82EyezCgOoMlJf0_jHQBb-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Yo tampoco<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pmyaIaMIw2BWJH8y2Z7q-BCixbnK3MA-\/view?usp=drive_link\">Claro que s\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GMNDSUPI0Uc0p046IssPdNrR2xuwRPxX\/view?usp=drive_link\">Claro que no<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15dqNulwcmEfZrJXRwWa033f5oc-KyqRg\/view?usp=drive_link\">Est\u00e1 bien.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TvAjnpC42f0GQ1H2G1LU7IAWxdwTNCIc\/view?usp=drive_link\">Es cierto.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1XMy0jqDrUPL6IcSDvl9sJZZpwhmzWnSn\/view?usp=drive_link\">(No) estoy de acuerdo que\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1liHXbU1oi3uT77aajR6fkh8lHou8BsxR\/view?usp=drive_link\">Temo que no estoy de acuerdo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1pbzXr0ALWXVfF-fzDLFzvUepf_swQMgG\/view?usp=drive_link\">No estoy seguro\/a<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lCQH8yBRjIRe1MBg8-qNqMu5Apco3Mbs\/view?usp=drive_link\">No me parece bien<\/a><\/td>\n<td>I agree that\u2026<\/p>\n<p>You are right<\/p>\n<p>I believe you are correct<\/p>\n<p>I am certain<\/p>\n<p>It seems fine to me<\/p>\n<p>Me too<\/p>\n<p>Me either<\/p>\n<p>Yes, of course<\/p>\n<p>No, of course not<\/p>\n<p>It is fine<\/p>\n<p>It is true<\/p>\n<p>I agree (do not) agree that\u2026<\/p>\n<p>I am afraid that I do not agree\u2026<\/p>\n<p>I am not sure\u2026<\/p>\n<p>It doesn\u2019t seem right to me<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yOdGsFNHycsiNa5MDmRoXHOoWILgediD\/view?usp=drive_link\">Me<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iUwpiuAzdeuNCJ4-9vSsPqlMkRiO9lFw\/view?usp=drive_link\">Te<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1WEdA7EsURJE64PuwU8SPuuMuH2oiSCDr\/view?usp=drive_link\">Lo<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1rxWcg9HGRsXn9P6rhOuV1_sfg1zap4ks\/view?usp=drive_link\">La<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1WNZl9o1vqolme0GoaKM8zpMkTfTOpBwz\/view?usp=drive_link\">Nos<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K-O3nzwPa6yhe_zcwXSO2ZAg7ND9pzIB\/view?usp=drive_link\">Os<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K5ZpQHHxwJ3e5qYr6wdtwfvLioQDn3aO\/view?usp=drive_link\">Los<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1G7uKJPdsvN_K7klxaAD2h4ZHyza6eXJq\/view?usp=drive_link\">Las<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Me<\/p>\n<p>You<\/p>\n<p>Him, it (masc.)<\/p>\n<p>Her, it (fem.)<\/p>\n<p>Us<\/p>\n<p>You all<\/p>\n<p>Them (masc.)<\/p>\n<p>Them (fem.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.10.<\/span> \u00bfQu\u00e9 podemos comprar all\u00ed?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">For each location mentioned, select the item that would be sold there.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-78\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-78\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"78\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.10. \u00bfQu\u00e9 podemos comprar all\u00ed?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.11.<\/span> \u00bfD\u00f3nde trabaja?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"exaft\">Read the following statements about what an individual does and then write the name of the place where that person works.<\/p>\n<p class=\"exf\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Modelo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"exulf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><span class=\"b\">Vende muebles.<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><span class=\"bu\">Trabaja en una muebler\u00eda.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Da multas de tr\u00e1fico.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Hace pan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Lleva cartas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Cocina tacos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Ense\u00f1a a ni\u00f1os.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.12.<\/span> \u00bfQu\u00e9 o qui\u00e9n es?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the description and use the vocabulary list to indicate to what or whom it refers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Son los eventos culturales que se ofrecen como conciertos, espectaculos y exposiciones.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Es la oferta cultural.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-79\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-79\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"79\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.12. \u00bfQu\u00e9 o qui\u00e9n es?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.13.<\/span> El d\u00eda ocupado de Ana<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Ana has a very busy day. Read the paragraph about her day and fill in the blanks with the correct words based on the context.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-80\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-80\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"80\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.13. El d\u00eda ocupado de Ana\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpersonal 4.14.<\/span> \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 frecuencia visitas estos lugares?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Indicate the frequency with which you visit the following places by putting an <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>X<\/em><\/span> in the box that best describes your habits.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Lugar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Siempre<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Frecuentemente<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Algunas veces<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Nunca o casi nunca<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>La tintorer\u00eda<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El correo<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El supermercado o lugar para comprar comida<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El banco<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El gimnasio<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Un lugar destinado al arte: teatro, sala de conciertos, museo, etc.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Compare your answers with a partner by asking and answering questions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 frecuencia visitas la tintorer\u00eda?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 2: Casi nunca voy a la tintorer\u00eda, \u00bfy t\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estudiante 1: Yo voy frecuentemente.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After your conversation, be sure to prepare answers the following questions to share with the class.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar visitan menos?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar visitan m\u00e1s?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 otros lugares visitan frecuentemente?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad 4.15.<\/span> Lo mejor de tu ciudad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Decide what is the best place to do the following activities. Make sure to explain your answer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Para comer tacos es mejor ir <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">a la taquer\u00eda El Maguey<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <strong>porque<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">los tacos son deliciosos y hay diferentes tipos de tacos.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Para tomar un helado es mejor ir a __________________ porque ______________.<\/li>\n<li>Para pasar tiempo libre es mejor ir a ________________ porque ______________.<\/li>\n<li>Para pasar tiempo con ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os es mejor ir a _________ porque _________.<\/li>\n<li>Para estudiar es mejor ir a _______________ porque __________________.<\/li>\n<li>Para hacer ejercicio es mejor ir a _____________ porque _______________.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"exh\"><span class=\"exhn\">Actividad interpretativa 4.16.<\/span> La ciudad de Rota<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Read the following information about \u00d3liver and his home city and then answer the questions.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 3610px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 79px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 79px;\">\u00a1Hola! Me llamo \u00d3liver y soy amigo de Ana. Hoy quiero hablarles sobre mi ciudad, mi comunidad. Se llama Rota y est\u00e1 en el sur de Espa\u00f1a. Es una ciudad muy especial porque hay una base naval estadounidense muy importante y muy grande. No es casualidad que la base americana est\u00e9 aqu\u00ed, ya que Rota est\u00e1 muy cerca del estrecho de Gibraltar, que es punto de entrada a un \u00e1rea muy estrat\u00e9gica, el mar Mediterr\u00e1neo. Es posible ver la influencia de los Estados Unidos en la ciudad. Por ejemplo, es normal encontrarte con miembros del ej\u00e9rcito americano en las calles de Rota. Muchos de ellos est\u00e1n temporalmente en Rota, aunque otros est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed indefinidamente.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 79px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 260px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 260px;\">Vivo en el segundo piso de un edificio con mis padres. Mi padre es de los Estados Unidos y mi madre es de Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n<p>Todos mis vecinos son muy simp\u00e1ticos pero mi vecina Nati es mi favorita. Es muy alegre y siempre tiene una sonrisa. Ella trabaja en un instituto.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 260px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-127\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-127 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Yellow apartment building with bushes out front\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image100.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Apartment building&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 260px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 260px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-128\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-128 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Sign that says &quot;The city that you want&quot; in Spanish and English\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image101.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;City Sign&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 260px;\">En Rota, es posible ver muchos anuncios que est\u00e1n en ingl\u00e9s y en espa\u00f1ol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 47px;\">Algunos nombres de tiendas y lugares tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n en ingl\u00e9s. Esta farmacia est\u00e1 cerca de mi casa.\u00a1La farmacia est\u00e1 abierta las veinticuatro horas! All\u00ed puedo comprar desde medicamentos hasta champ\u00fa. El farmac\u00e9utico, Pepe, siempre hace recomendaciones a las personas que est\u00e1n enfermas.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 47px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 328px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 328px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_129\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-129\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-129 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-300x293.jpg\" alt=\"Storefront of a Dia supermarket\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-65x64.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-225x220.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102-350x342.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image102.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-129\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Supermarket&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 328px;\">El Dia es uno de los supermercados m\u00e1s famosos de Rota. All\u00ed mi madre compra la comida que va a preparar cada d\u00eda.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 350px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 350px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_130\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-130\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-130 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Storefront of a hairstylist Shop called &quot;Nailys&quot;\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103-65x87.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103-350x467.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image103.jpg 480w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-130\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Beauty salon&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 350px;\">Desde peque\u00f1o, voy a la peluquer\u00eda Naily\u2019s. El corte de pelo cuesta s\u00f3lo trece euros y los peluqueros siempre hacen un buen trabajo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">Para sacar dinero voy al cajero autom\u00e1tico del banco BBVA. Siempre es bueno tener algo de dinero en efectivo.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-131\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-131 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"BBVA bank window\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104-65x87.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104-350x467.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image104.jpg 480w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;BBVA Bank&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-132\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-132 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Office supply store with various supplies and toys that can be seen through the window\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105-65x87.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105-350x467.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image105.jpg 480w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Office supply store&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Cuando necesito hacer fotocopias, imprimir un documento o comprar algo para la escuela siempre voy a la papeler\u00eda que est\u00e1 a cinco minutos de mi casa. \u00a1Me encantan los bolis que venden!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-133 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Small hotel with people passing in front of it\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106-65x87.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106-350x467.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image106.jpg 480w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Hotel&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Hay muchos hoteles en Rota, desde peque\u00f1os hasta grandes. Las personas vienen principalmente en el mes de agosto de vacaciones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 546px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 546px;\">Las playas en Rota son muy bonitas. La Playa de la Costilla es mi favorita. Me gusta porque est\u00e1 siempre limpia y el agua del mar es clara y la arena es muy fina. \u00a1Es perfecta para hacer castillos de arena!<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 546px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-134\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-134 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Beach with a sign that says &quot;Playa de la Costilla&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image107.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Beach&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-135 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Sandcastle on the beach\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image108.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Beach castle&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_136\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-136\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-136 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Bar or cafeteria with people sitting on terrace\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image109.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-136\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Cafeteria&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Despu\u00e9s de un d\u00eda en la playa, las personas en mi comunidad van a un bar a comer algunas tapas como gambas (shrimp), tortilla (Spanish omelette), carrillada (a type of beef dish), etc. En Espa\u00f1a los bares son diferentes que en los Estados Unidos porque son m\u00e1s similares a un restaurante. Es tambi\u00e9n com\u00fan comer al aire libre en la terraza o en la calle. Mi familia y yo comemos en un bar por lo menos una vez a la semana.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 348px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 902.778px; height: 348px;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_137\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-137\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-137 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Station behind a roundabout with Spanish flag\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image110.jpg 640w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Gas station&#8221; by Yuriko Ikeda is licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601.094px; height: 348px;\">Las calles de Rota son estrechas y hay muchas rotondas. \u00bfHay rotondas en tu comunidad?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Answer the questions in complete sentences <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>in Spanish<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Rota tiene una fuerte influencia de los Estados Unidos? \u00bfC\u00f3mo es visible esa influencia?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo est\u00e1n abiertas algunas farmacias en Rota?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u00bfC\u00faando hay m\u00e1s turistas en Rota? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 se puede hacer en la playa en Rota?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.17. Rota y nuestra comunidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Talk to a partner and discuss the similarities and differences between Rota and the community where your university is. By the end, be sure to have discussed at least two similarities and two differences.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>En Rota, hay playas, y en nuestra comunidad, no hay una playa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.18. Tu comunidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now that you have learned about Rota, write a short email response to \u00d3liver describing your community. Be sure to include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Location. Where is your community located?<\/li>\n<li>Aspects that make your community unique.<\/li>\n<li>Activities that you and your family like to do.<\/li>\n<li>An appropriate greeting and closing.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"V\"><\/a>V. <span style=\"color: #c75204;\">Video entrevistas<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.19. Mi comunidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch and listen to the videos in which native speakers of Spanish discuss special traditions in their communities. For each video, answer the following questions in complete sentences in Spanish.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1. Lisa:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comunidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6Man3Pu-51Y?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">a. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?<br \/>\nb. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es su ciudad?<br \/>\nc. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es el transporte p\u00fablico?<br \/>\nd. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los platillos t\u00edpicos de su ciudad?<br \/>\ne. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es una celebraci\u00f3n importante que se celebra?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">2.\u00a0Robin:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comunidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TGuvhXCVWOU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">a. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es?<br \/>\nb. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es su ciudad? \u00bfC\u00f3mo es la geograf\u00eda?<br \/>\nc. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son unos pasatiempos populares de los habitantes?<br \/>\nd. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas provincias hay en Costa Rica?<br \/>\ne. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es un platillo t\u00edpico costarricense? \u00bfQu\u00e9 ingredientes hay en \u00e9l?<br \/>\nf. \u00bfC\u00f3mo y cu\u00e1ndo se celebra la anexi\u00f3n de Liberia?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.20. Preguntas personales<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch and listen to the video of Mariangel asking questions about your community:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comunidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RwFc9HZfZ0Y?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Pause the video after each question and prepare a response.<br \/>\n1.<br \/>\n2.<br \/>\n3.<br \/>\n4.<br \/>\n5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.21. El D\u00eda del Amor y la Amistad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch the following video about Manuela\u2019s favorite holidays in Colombia:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comunidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wb4to21V4jM?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Then answer the following questions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-81\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-81\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"81\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad interpretativa 4.21. El D\u00eda del Amor y la Amistad\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.22. La Navidad en M\u00e9xico y Argentina<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch and listen to the video in which native speakers of Spanish discuss how they celebrate Christmas (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Navidad<\/em><\/span>) in Argentina and Mexico:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-5\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comunidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gDvkViWmGDw?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Then fill out the following table to compare and contrast traditions. Be sure to include the following information:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La estaci\u00f3n y el clima durante Navidad<\/li>\n<li>Los platillos t\u00edpicos navide\u00f1os<\/li>\n<li>Otras fiestas importantes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Use the table below to help you describe the above topics or write your own words or phrases to take note of what you learn.<\/p>\n<p>el fr\u00edo<br \/>\nel calor<br \/>\nel invierno<br \/>\nel verano<br \/>\nel pozole<br \/>\nlos postres<br \/>\nlas empanadas<br \/>\nla cerveza<br \/>\nel jugo<br \/>\nel champurrado<br \/>\nlas bebidas fr\u00edas<br \/>\nlas bebidas calientes<br \/>\nla rosca de reyes<br \/>\nlos tamales el D\u00eda de Reyes Magos la Navidad<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 202.367px;\">Priscila\u2014Argentina<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 195.35px;\">Los dos<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 215.383px;\">Tiffany\u2014M\u00e9xico<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 43px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 202.367px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 195.35px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 43px; width: 215.383px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.23. Una costumbre especial<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Prepare a video response to one of the speakers by sharing about a special celebration or custom in your community or your family. Be sure to answer the following questions in your video response:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la celebraci\u00f3n? \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo y d\u00f3nde la celebras?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 comes para celebrar?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 actividades haces para celebrar?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es una celebraci\u00f3n importante para ti?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"VI\"><\/a>VI. <span style=\"color: #993300;\">Gram\u00e1tica<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>4-A. The verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> to express location<\/h2>\n<p>In the last chapter, we learned that the irregular verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used to talk about emotions. In addition to emotions, the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is also used to express where something or someone is located.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p>La oficina de correos <strong>est\u00e1 al lado<\/strong> del banco.<\/p>\n<p>El caf\u00e9 <strong>est\u00e1 enfrente<\/strong> de la piscina.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png\" alt=\"A drawing of locations in a city, seen from above, with labels like &quot;la oficina de correos,&quot; &quot;el banco&quot; &quot;el supermercado.&quot;\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-768x749.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-65x63.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-225x219.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-350x341.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1.png 946w\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Notice that the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used with prepositions of location to indicate where something is.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\"><strong>Do you remember the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span>?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Yo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Estoy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">T\u00fa<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">\u00c9l\/Ella\/Usted<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Nosotros\/as<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Estamos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Vosotros<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.3178%;\">Ellos\/Ellas\/Ustedes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Est\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\"><strong>Preposiciones &#8211; Para indicar localizaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\"><strong>Prepositions &#8211; To indicate location<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Abajo de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Arriba de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On top of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Alrededor de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Around<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Entre<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Between<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Sobre<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Al lado de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Next to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">A la derecha de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">To the right of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">A la izquierda de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">To the left of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Cerca de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Close to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Lejos de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Far from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Delante de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">In front of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Enfrente de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">In front of but facing each other<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Detr\u00e1s de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Behind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Dentro de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Inside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Fuera de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Outside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Encima de<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">On top of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.6918%;\">Recto<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.4895%;\">Straight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The same structure is used in English to express location.<\/p>\n<p>The post office is next to the bank. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>El correo est\u00e1 al lado del banco.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The caf\u00e9 is in front of the pool. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>El caf\u00e9 est\u00e1 enfrente de la piscina.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.24. \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Look at the image and then indicate where the following places are located.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png\" alt=\"A drawing of locations in a city, seen from above. First row: la oficina de correos, el banco, el supermercado, el caf\u00e9 Second row: la iglesia, el centro, la plaza, la piscina Third row: el museo, el parque, el mercado al aire libre, el centro comercial Fourth row: el cine, la tienda, el restaurante, el centro comercial\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-768x749.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-65x63.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-225x219.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1-350x341.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image111-1.png 946w\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>El museo est\u00e1 entre la iglesia y el cine.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>El parque<\/li>\n<li>El centro comercial<\/li>\n<li>El cine<\/li>\n<li>El supermercado<\/li>\n<li>El restaurante<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.25. \u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar es?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following descriptions and then look on the map to find the place indicated. Then write a complete sentence to identify the place, using the format from the model.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s de la iglesia y a la izquierda del banco.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Es la oficina de correos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-82\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-82\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"82\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.25. \u00bfQu\u00e9 lugar es?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.26. La localizaci\u00f3n en mi comunidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Think about your community and then answer the following questions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu caf\u00e9 favorito? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Starbucks est\u00e1 en la avenida Main. Est\u00e1 al lado de Subway.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu restaurante favorito? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfHay una farmacia cerca de la universidad? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la oficina de correos?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfTienes una panader\u00eda favorita? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfHay un zool\u00f3gico en tu ciudad? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.27. Mapas tur\u00edsticos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You will learn about historic cities in the Spanish-speaking world and explore what attractions they have to offer.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Use one of the following links or find your own tourist map of a city. Be sure to find one that shows important tourist attractions such as museums, parks, and monuments. If you are doing your own search, try using the terms \u201cmapa tur\u00edstico de _____ (ciudad)\u201d or \u201cmapa del centro hist\u00f3rico de _______ (ciudad).\u201d<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>El centro hist\u00f3rico de Oaxaca (M\u00e9xico): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oaxaca.travel\/index.php\/es\/sitios-de-interes\/folletos\/17-mapas\">http:\/\/www.oaxaca.travel\/index.php\/es\/sitios-de-interes\/folletos\/17-mapas<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Cartagena de Indias (Colombia): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartagenadeindias.travel\/cargar_imagen.php?tipo=21&amp;id=797&amp;thumbnail=false\">http:\/\/www.cartagenadeindias.travel\/cargar_imagen.php?tipo=21&amp;id=797&amp;thumbnail=false<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>La Habana Vieja (Cuba): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.particuba.info\/villes\/la_habana\/habana_vieja\/images\/_mapas\/_mapHav_Vieja_Totale.html\">http:\/\/www.particuba.info\/villes\/la_habana\/habana_vieja\/images\/_mapas\/_mapHav_Vieja_Totale.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Santo Domingo (La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana): <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.godominicanrepublic.com\/es\/descargas\/download-category\/mapas\/\">https:\/\/www.godominicanrepublic.com\/es\/descargas\/download-category\/mapas\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Find three places on the map that you would like to visit. Take some time to look at the websites for the monuments. Then fill out the following information:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nombre del lugar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 te interesa?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u2022 Un museo<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un parque<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un mercado<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 ________________<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u2022 Un museo<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un parque<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un mercado<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 ________________<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u2022 Un museo<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un parque<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar hist\u00f3rico<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un mercado<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Un lugar para recreaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 ________________<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014Write some clues to help a classmate find the place on the map without naming the place directly. You should describe where it is (using the verb estar) as well as what kind of place it is.<\/p>\n<p>1.<\/p>\n<p>2.<\/p>\n<p>3.<\/p>\n<p>4.<\/p>\n<p>5.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 4\u2014Share your clues with your classmate until they guess the place. Then share <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>por qu\u00e9 te interesa<\/em><\/span>. Then switch roles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.28. Una visita cultural<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Now that you have researched some cities and their cultural offerings, you will plan a trip with a classmate. Speaking <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>only in Spanish<\/em><\/span>, pretend the two of you are traveling to a Spanish-speaking country and are planning to visit some historic sites.<\/p>\n<p>You must decide:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What city you will visit.<\/li>\n<li>When in the year you will go there.<\/li>\n<li>Three places you will go.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-B. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Estar<\/em><\/span> para condiciones<\/h2>\n<p>The verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> is used with past particles to describe states or conditions like a store being open or closed.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>El cine <strong>est\u00e1 cerrado<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>The movie theater is closed<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>La biblioteca <strong>est\u00e1 abierta<\/strong> hasta las diez de la ma\u00f1ana. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>The library is open until 10:00 a.m.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Cerrado<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>abierta<\/em><\/span> are the past participles of the verbs <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cerrar<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>abrir<\/em><\/span> that are working as adjectives to describe a state or condition. Since they are working as adjectives, they also have to agree in gender and number with the noun being described\u2014in this case, the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>cine<\/em><\/span> and the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>biblioteca<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The past participle of verbs is formed in the following manner:<\/p>\n<p>For <strong>-ar<\/strong> verbs, drop the -ar ending and add <strong>-ado<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For <strong>-er and -ir<\/strong> verbs, drop the -er or the -ir and add <strong>-ido<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The following verbs have irregular past participles:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 310.217px;\"><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 350.35px;\"><strong>Past participle<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 310.217px;\">Abrir<\/p>\n<p>Decir<\/p>\n<p>Escribir<\/p>\n<p>Hacer<\/p>\n<p>Morir<\/p>\n<p>Poner<\/p>\n<p>Ver<\/p>\n<p>Volver<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 350.35px;\">Abierto<\/p>\n<p>Dicho<\/p>\n<p>Escrito<\/p>\n<p>Hecho<\/p>\n<p>Muerto<\/p>\n<p>Puesto<\/p>\n<p>Visto<\/p>\n<p>Vuelto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.29. \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Look at the images below and describe the condition or state of the people, things, or places depicted in the images. Use a form of <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> plus the participle of one of the verbs in the word bank. Make sure you pay attention to agreement.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. La chica <span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">est\u00e1 dormida<\/span><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_140\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140\" style=\"width: 287px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Tired girl on sleeping on a pile of books stacked on the table.\" width=\"287\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image112.jpg 2048w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/tired-female-student-sleeping-on-books-in-light-room-7034472\/\">Tired female student sleeping on books in light room<\/a><\/span> by George Milton licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">2. El restaurante _____.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_141\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-141\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Closed&quot; sign on a glass door\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-1024x929.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-768x696.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-1536x1393.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-65x59.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-225x204.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113-350x317.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image113.jpg 2048w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/closed-sign-on-shop-glass-door-4427225\/\">Closed sign on shop glass door<\/a> by Ellie Burgin licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">3. El libro _____.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_142\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-142\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-142\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"Open book sitting on a table with an orange wall in the background\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-65x33.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-225x113.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114-350x175.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image114.jpg 2048w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/letter-with-ring-beside-white-and-pink-flowers-4544726\/\">Selective Focus Photography of White Softbound Book<\/a> by Pixabay licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">4. La carta _____.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_143\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-143\" style=\"width: 214px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-143\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"White letter surrounded by flowers with a silver ring sitting on top\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-732x1024.jpg 732w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-768x1075.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-1097x1536.jpg 1097w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-65x91.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-225x315.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115-350x490.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image115.jpg 1463w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-143\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/letter-with-ring-beside-white-and-pink-flowers-4544726\/\">Letter with Ring Beside White and Pink Flowers<\/a> by Olya Kobruseva licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 402.014px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">5. Las fotos _____.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_144\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-144\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-144\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"Orange camera with pictures laying next to it\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-744x1024.jpg 744w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-768x1057.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-1116x1536.jpg 1116w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-65x89.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-225x310.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116-350x482.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image116.jpg 1488w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-144\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/orange-and-white-instant-camera-on-white-cloth-2508735\/\">Orange and White Instant Camera on White Cloth<\/a><\/span> by Lisa Fotios licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 427.743px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\">6. Los boletos para el concierto _____.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 287px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image117.jpg\" alt=\"Airplane tickets\" width=\"287\" height=\"202\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/orange-and-green-label-airplane-ticket-69866\/\">Orange and Green Label Airplane Ticket<\/a> by Torsten Dettlaff licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-C. Los mandatos<\/h2>\n<p>When we hear the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>commands<\/em><\/span>, many times the first thing that comes to mind is an order given by someone in power to someone with less power, such as an explicit direction that a military commander would give to a member of the armed forces or a person telling their dog what to do. Commands, however, are not just used to issue orders. They are also used to give instructions and advice. Therefore, we might see commands in recipe books and advice columns, and they are also very common in everyday speech, since we are constantly giving advice or making recommendations.<\/p>\n<h3>How do you form a command?<\/h3>\n<p>It is necessary to use the imperative mood to form commands. In English, commands are formed by using the infinitive form of the verb without the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to<\/em><\/span>: <strong>take<\/strong> me there, <strong>buy<\/strong> me candy, <strong>go<\/strong> to sleep, <strong>take<\/strong> pictures, and so on. It does not matter whether you are talking to one person or a group of people, speaking to a close friend or a business associate. Spanish, on the other hand, does consider whether the command is given to an individual or to multiple people. It also takes into account the register, formal or informal, that must be used with that person or group of people.<\/p>\n<p>In both English and Spanish, we use commands to ask people <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to do something<\/em><\/span> with <strong>affirmative commands<\/strong> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>not to do something<\/em><\/span> with <strong>negative commands<\/strong>. Take a look at the following examples in English:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Affirmative commands<\/td>\n<td>Negative commands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Go to sleep.<\/p>\n<p>Eat your vegetables.<\/p>\n<p>Do your homework.<\/p>\n<p>Open your books to page fifteen.<\/p>\n<p>Come on time for your appointment.<\/p>\n<p>Drive safely.<\/td>\n<td>Don\u2019t stay up too late.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t eat too much junk food.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t forget to do your homework.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t be lazy.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t arrive late.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t drive too fast.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Mandatos informales<\/h3>\n<p>Informal commands are the ones given to people with whom we have a close or informal relationship. There are two possible types of informal commands: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><strong>t\u00fa<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <strong>commands<\/strong>, which are given to an individual, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em><strong>vosotros<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <strong>commands<\/strong>, which are given to a group of people. Let\u2019s look at each type separately.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>T\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>T\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands are perhaps the most common type of command, since they are used with peers and people that we know well.<\/p>\n<h3>Affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\n<p>To form the affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command, use the third-person singular form of the present indicative. This is the he or she form. It also means that if you have an -ar verb, the command should end in -a, and for -er\/-ir verbs, the ending should be an -e.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Verbo<\/td>\n<td>Mandato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comer<\/td>\n<td>Com<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprar<\/td>\n<td>Compr<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beber<\/td>\n<td>Beb<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Doblar<\/td>\n<td>Dobl<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jugar<\/td>\n<td>Jueg<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are also some verbs that have an irregular <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Tener<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ten<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Have<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Hacer<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Haz<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Do or make<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Poner<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Pon<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Put<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Decir<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Di<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Say or tell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Ir<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ve<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Salir<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Sal<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Leave or go out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Ser<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">S\u00e9<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 31.9353%;\">Venir<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 32.4911%;\">Ven<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 35.4725%;\">Come<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Let\u2019s see some examples of these affirmative command forms in context:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Come las verduras.\u2014Eat your vegetables.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Compra ropa de calidad.\u2014Buy high-quality clothing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ten dinero en efectivo.\u2014Have cash.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Haz la tarea.\u2014Do your homework.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">S\u00e9 bueno.\u2014Be good.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ven r\u00e1pido.\u2014Come quickly.<\/p>\n<h3>Negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\n<p>To form a negative t\u00fa command:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Take the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yo<\/em><\/span> form of the verb in the present indicative.<\/li>\n<li>Drop the -o.<\/li>\n<li>Add the following (opposite) endings:<br \/>\n-ar, add -es<br \/>\n-er\/-ir, add -as<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Put <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> before it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Negative <em>t\u00fa<\/em> command<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Com<strong>er<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>No com<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sal<strong>ir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>No salg<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Compr<strong>ar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>No compr<strong>es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ten<strong>er<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>No teng<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ped<strong>ir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>No pid<strong>as<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are also irregular negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands that you will have to memorize.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Verbo<\/td>\n<td>Irregular negative t\u00fa command &#8211; Espa\u00f1ol<\/td>\n<td>Irregular negative t\u00fa command &#8211; English<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dar<\/td>\n<td>No des<\/td>\n<td>Don\u2019t give<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ir<\/td>\n<td>No vayas<\/td>\n<td>Don\u2019t go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ser<\/td>\n<td>No seas<\/td>\n<td>Don\u2019t be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estar<\/td>\n<td>No est\u00e9s<\/td>\n<td>Don\u2019t be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Let\u2019s see some more examples, this time of negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\">t\u00fa<\/span> commands:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No est\u00e9s enojado.\u2014Don\u2019t be mad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No vayas a la tienda por la noche.\u2014Don\u2019t go to the store at night.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">No des tu n\u00famero de tel\u00e9fono a extra\u00f1os.\u2014Don\u2019t give your phone number to strangers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.30. Mandatos de t\u00fa<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">Write the informal affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command for each verb.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div id=\"h5p-84\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-84\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"84\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.30. Mandatos de t\u00fa\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.31. Guatemala: El pa\u00eds de la eterna primavera<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Read the following text about Guatemala and then follow the prompts below.<\/p>\n<p>Guatemala: El pa\u00eds de la eterna primavera<br \/>\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-146\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a distant snow-capped mountain with a city below and a cross in the foreground.\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-65x33.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-225x113.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118-350x175.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image118.jpg 2048w\" \/><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/aerial-view-of-a-city-335887\/\">Aerial View of a City<\/a> by Saulo Zayas licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a1Ven a Guatemala! Tiene un clima perfecto y no hay temperaturas extremas. Tambi\u00e9n hay una gran diversidad de flora.<\/p>\n<p>Sube a un volc\u00e1n. Hay m\u00e1s de treinta y cinco volcanes de los cuales trece son visitados por turistas frecuentemente.<\/p>\n<p>Toma una camioneta o bus en Guatemala. Las camionetas son autobuses escolares de los Estados Unidos muy coloridos y divertidos.<\/p>\n<p>Visita Antigua. Es una ciudad colonial con edificios y monumentos de gran inter\u00e9s como el Palacio de los Capitanes Generales<\/p>\n<p>Aprende sobre la cultura maya. Guatemala es conocida como el \u201cCoraz\u00f3n del Mundo Maya\u201d por ser unos de los principales lugares donde vivieron.<\/p>\n<p>Bebe caf\u00e9 y come platillos tradicionales como paches y shucos.<\/p>\n<p>Ve al lago Atitl\u00e1n y al mercado Santiago de Atitl\u00e1n. Son dos lugares con mucha vida y color local.<\/p>\n<p>No asumas que las cosas en Guatemala son como en los los Estados Unidos. Es otra cultura y hay cosas que se hacen diferentes.<\/p>\n<p>No tomes fotos de las personas sin antes pedir permiso.<\/p>\n<p>No esperes que todas las personas hablen espa\u00f1ol. Hay veinti\u00fan dialectos mayas en Guatemala y, por tanto, personas que hablan esos dialectos y no espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n<p>No conf\u00edes (don\u2019t trust) en desconocidos. Los turistas pueden ser v\u00edctimas de estafas (scams).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_147\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-147\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of colorful graves in cemetery\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-65x98.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-225x338.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119-350x525.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/08\/image119.jpg 1365w\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-147\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/colorful-graves-in-cemetery-6307208\/\">Colorful Graves in Cemetery<\/a> by Clive Kim licensed under <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/colorful-graves-in-cemetery-6307208\/\">Pexel License<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p>1. Subraya (underline) los mandatos afirmativos y negativos que encuentres.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u00bfCu\u00e1l crees que es el objetivo del texto: dar \u00f3rdenes, dar recomendaciones o dar instrucciones?<\/p>\n<p>3. Escribe tres de las actividades recomendadas en Guatemala \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas actividades te interesa m\u00e1s?<\/p>\n<p>4. \u00bfQu\u00e9 no se recomienda hacer en Guatemala? \u00bfEst\u00e1s de acuerdo (do you agree)?<\/p>\n<p>5. \u00bfD\u00f3nde puedes encontrar textos similares a este?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.32. Ven a mi comunidad<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You are in charge of creating an information poster about why people should visit your community. You can choose to do it about your neighborhood, your state, or the United States. Use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands and make sure that you include the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>At least three activities that you recommend.<\/li>\n<li>At least three activities that you recommend not doing.<\/li>\n<li>Some images to make your description more appealing.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.33. Indicaciones<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch and listen to the video in which Manuela asks for directions to arrive at three different places in the community:<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"oembed-6\" title=\"Capitulo 4, Mi comuidad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nJ_Y7A5CHW8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Prepare a response for each location in which you tell her how to get there using affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands. Use the list of location words in the <span style=\"color: #c75204;\"><em>Vocabulario<\/em><\/span> section to help you as well as the following words.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 325.7px;\">Doblar<\/p>\n<p>Seguir<\/p>\n<p>Parar<\/p>\n<p>La cuadra<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 306.417px;\">To turn<\/p>\n<p>To continue<\/p>\n<p>To stop<\/p>\n<p>(City) block<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfMe indicas c\u00f3mo llegar a la iglesia?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">Ve<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> recto a la calle 38. Despu\u00e9s, <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">dobla<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> a la derecha y <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">sigue<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> por una cuadra. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">No vayas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong> muy lejos. Est\u00e1 a la izquierda, entre el banco y unas casas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-D. Vosotros commands<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are the informal commands that are given to a group of people. If you want to issue an order, make a recommendation, give advice, or give instructions to a group of people whom you address informally, then you would use a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> is similar to saying y\u2019all. Just like with the word y\u2019all in English, it can be understood by most speakers of Spanish, but it is used by a smaller subset\u2014mainly, individuals from Spain. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are commonly heard in Spain, but when not in Spain, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span> is a more standard way to address a group of people directly. Therefore, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>ustedes<\/em><\/span> commands are used.<\/p>\n<h3>Affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are formed by doing the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Take the infinitive form of the verb: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>comer<\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Drop the final -r: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>come<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Add -d: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>comed<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Here are some examples of how the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command is formed:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Vosotros<\/em><\/span> command<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ir<\/td>\n<td>Id<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Escribir<\/td>\n<td>Escribid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ver<\/td>\n<td>Ved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s see some examples of the affirmative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command in context:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Read the instructions<\/td>\n<td><strong>Leed<\/strong> las instrucciones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eat your food<\/td>\n<td><strong>Comed<\/strong> vuestra comida<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buy the tickets<\/td>\n<td><strong>Comprad<\/strong> los boletos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands<\/h3>\n<p>Negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands are formed in a way similar to negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> commands:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Take the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>yo<\/em><\/span> form of the verb in the present indicative.<\/li>\n<li>Drop the -o.<\/li>\n<li>Add the following (opposite) endings:<br \/>\n-ar, add -\u00e9is<br \/>\n-er\/-ir, add -\u00e1is<\/li>\n<li>Put <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> before it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Negative vosotros command<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comer<\/td>\n<td>No com\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Salir<\/td>\n<td>No salg\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprar<\/td>\n<td>No compr\u00e9is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tener<\/td>\n<td>No teng\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pedir<\/td>\n<td>No pid\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are also irregular negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> commands that you will have to memorize.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\"><strong>Verbo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\"><strong>Irregular negative vosotros command<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Dar<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No d\u00e9is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Ir<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No vay\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Ser<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No se\u00e1is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 26.2759%;\">Estar<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 73.623%;\">No est\u00e9is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s see some examples of negative vosotros commands.<\/p>\n<p>No lleg\u00e1is tarde.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) arrive late.<\/p>\n<p>No teng\u00e1is miedo.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) be afraid.<\/p>\n<p>No habl\u00e9is muy r\u00e1pido.\u2014Don\u2019t (you all) speak too quickly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.34. Los mandatos vosotros<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Write the affirmative and negative <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>vosotros<\/em><\/span> command for the following verbs.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Modelo: Salir<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Affirmative vosotros command:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Salid<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Negative vosotros command:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>No salg\u00e1is<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-85\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-85\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"85\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.34. Los mandatos vosotros\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.35. Las recomendaciones para ser mejores<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Indicate what you recommend and do not recommend to your classmates according to the following categories.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Hacer algo para la mente (mind)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>(S\u00ed): Leed un buen libro<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>(No): No mir\u00e9is la tele m\u00e1s de dos horas diarias<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hacer algo positivo o bueno por los amigos<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Hacer algo bueno para el alma (soul)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Hacer algo relacionado con el arte<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Hacer algo para cuidar de vuestro cuerpo (take care of your body)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Hacer algo por la familia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(S\u00ed):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(No):<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad presentacional 4.36. \u00bfQu\u00e9 recomiendas?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You are in charge of giving recommendations to the freshman class about what to do or not to do to become part of your university\u2019s community. Write a short speech welcoming the new class and offering some advice.<\/p>\n<p>Make sure that you include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A greeting<\/li>\n<li>A personal introduction (who you are and why you are in a position to give advice)<\/li>\n<li>At least three things that you recommend doing<\/li>\n<li>At least three things that you do not recommend doing<\/li>\n<li>A closing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-E. Object pronouns: Avoiding repetition<\/h2>\n<p>When we speak, we naturally try to make speech more fluid and avoid unnecessary repetition. One way that we do this is by replacing <strong>direct objects<\/strong> that have already been established with a pronoun. For example, look at the following sentences:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>I take the bus to school. I wait for it five minutes every day.<\/li>\n<li>I am going to make some coffee. I will drink it from my favorite mug.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Can you identify what the direct object is and how it is replaced to avoid repetition? Remember that the direct object identifies who or what receives the action of the verb. For number 1, the verb is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to take<\/em><\/span>; therefore, the question that one should ask is \u201cWhat do I take?\u201d The answer, \u201cthe bus,\u201d is the direct object. The second sentence in number 1 replaces the direct object, \u201cthe bus,\u201d with the pronoun <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>it<\/em><\/span> to avoid saying \u201cthe bus\u201d again. For number 2, in the first sentence the verb is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>to make<\/em><\/span>, so one should ask \u201cWhat am I going to make?\u201d to find the direct object. The answer is \u201ccoffee,\u201d which then is also replaced with <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>it<\/em><\/span> in the second sentence.<\/p>\n<p>In Spanish, just like in English, it is very common to avoid repeating the direct object by replacing it with a direct object pronoun. The direct project pronouns are the following:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\"><strong>Pronombres de complemento directo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\"><strong>Direct object pronouns<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Me<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Me<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Te<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">You<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Lo<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Him, it (masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">La<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Her, it (feminine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Nos<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Us<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Os<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">You all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Los<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Them (masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2673%;\">Las<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6316%;\">Them (feminine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Since direct object pronouns replace the direct object (a noun), they have to agree in gender and number with the noun they are replacing.<\/p>\n<p>See the following examples:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ella bebe caf\u00e9. <strong>Lo<\/strong> prefiere fr\u00edo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">She drinks coffee. She prefers it cold.<\/p>\n<p>What does she drink? Coffee. Then coffee is the direct object. In Spanish, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>el caf\u00e9<\/em><\/span> is a singular masculine noun, so we need <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>lo<\/em><\/span> to replace it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Yo hablo con Laura frecuentemente. <strong>La<\/strong> veo casi todos los d\u00edas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">I talk to Laura often. I see her almost every day.<\/p>\n<p>Who do I speak with frequently? Laura. Then Laura is the direct object. Laura is a girl, and there is only one, so we would need <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la<\/em><\/span> to replace her name.<\/p>\n<h3>Placement of direct object pronouns<\/h3>\n<p>While in English, object pronouns are usually placed directly after the verb, this is not the case in Spanish. Direct object pronouns can appear in two places:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>If there is one verb in the sentence, then the pronoun appears before the conjugated verb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Example: Siempre me trae caf\u00e9. \/ She always brings me coffee.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>If there are two verbs in the sentence, it can appear:<br \/>\na. Before the first conjugated verb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Example: Lo voy a necesitar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">b. Attached to an infinitive.<\/p>\n<p>Example: Voy a necesitar<strong>lo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">c. It cannot go between the conjugated verb and the infinitive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Incorrect example: Voy a lo necesitar.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.37. Emparejar<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Using a through e, match the initial statements listed first to the responses or second statements listed below based on the context.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-83\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-83\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"83\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.37. Emparejar\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.38. Sin repetici\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Fill in the blanks with the correct direct object pronoun to avoid repetition. See number 1 for a model.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-86\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-86\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"86\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.38. Sin repetici\u00f3n\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.39. Las preguntas<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Circle the direct object in each question.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Answer the questions and avoid repetition by replacing the direct object with a pronoun.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00bfVas a traer caf\u00e9 a la reuni\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>S\u00ed, lo voy a traer.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00bfNecesitas sacar dinero del cajero autom\u00e1tico?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u00bfVas a tomar fotos durante el espect\u00e1culo?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u00bfNecesitas enviar cartas por correo esta semana?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u00bfVas a comprar juguetes para tus sobrinos?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u00bfNecesitas comprar analg\u00e9sicos en la farmacia?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.40. \u00bfQu\u00e9 haces en tu comunidad?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Take turns with a partner asking and responding to questions about what you do in your community with family and friends. Make sure that you avoid repetition by replacing the direct object with a pronoun. As your partner answers, ask a follow-up question related to their response.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 1: <strong>\u00bfInvitas a tus amigos a pasear por el centro de la ciudad frecuentemente?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 2: <strong>S\u00ed, los invito a pasear frecuentemente.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 1: <strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo los invitas a pasear?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Estudiante 2: <strong>Los invito a pasear los viernes y s\u00e1bados.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Ideas<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Invitar a los amigos a tomar un caf\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Ver exposiciones de arte frecuentemente con amigos<\/li>\n<li>Hacer la compra con amigos\/familiares<\/li>\n<li>Hacer voluntariado con amigos<\/li>\n<li>Comprar regalos para amigos o familia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-F. Estrategias de comunicaci\u00f3n: Expressing agreement and disagreement<\/h2>\n<p>Return to the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tira c\u00f3mica<\/em><\/span> to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>How does <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>la madre de Ana<\/em><\/span> respond when Ana says she is going to go to the market?<\/li>\n<li>How does Sra. Mart\u00ednez express that her favorite part of having coffee at the market isn\u2019t the coffee itself but rather the opportunity to socialize?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Just as the terms \u201cI agree\u201d and \u201cI disagree\u201d in English allow us to connect with what someone has said and express our own perspective in relation to it, Spanish has a similar structure. However, the phrase in Spanish differs in that we use the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>estar<\/em><\/span> to say that \u201cI am in agreement\u201d or \u201cI am not in agreement\u201d: <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Estoy de acuerdo<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>No estoy de acuerdo<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Similar to this slight variation in Spanish, to express agreement by saying that someone is \u201cright,\u201d we say that that person \u201chas reason,\u201d <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>tiene raz\u00f3n<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tener raz\u00f3n\u2014to be right\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No tener raz\u00f3n\u2014to be wrong<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Estar de acuerdo\u2014to agree\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No estar de acuerdo\u2014to disagree<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For both of these structures as well as a variety of other ways of expressing opinion by agreeing or disagreeing, to make the statement negative, we add a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span> <strong>before the verb, not before the noun<\/strong>. So, whereas in English we would say \u201cYou are wrong,\u201d in Spanish we say \u201cNo tienes raz\u00f3n.\u201d Where in English we might say \u201cThat\u2019s not true,\u201d in Spanish we say \u201cNo es cierto.\u201d Don\u2019t forget to change the placement of the <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>no<\/em><\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>\u00a1no tienes raz\u00f3n!<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Remember that you can also show tacit agreement or disagreement by expressing a negative or positive opinion with the word <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>qu\u00e9<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\"><strong>Words and phrases to show agreement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><strong>Words and phrases to show disagreement<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Estoy de acuerdo. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(I agree.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No estoy de acuerdo. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(I disagree. \/ I don\u2019t agree.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Tienes raz\u00f3n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(You\u2019re right.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No tienes raz\u00f3n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(You\u2019re wrong.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Es cierto. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s true. \/ That\u2019s true.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No es cierto. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s not true. \/ That\u2019s not true.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Es la verdad. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s the truth.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">No es la verdad. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s not the truth. \/ That\u2019s not the truth.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Yo tambi\u00e9n. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Me too.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">Yo tampoco. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Me neither.)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">Es falso. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(It\u2019s false. \/ That\u2019s false.)\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 400.02px;\">\u00a1Qu\u00e9 s\u00ed! <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(Yes!)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px; width: 559.746px;\">\u00a1Qu\u00e9 no! <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>(No!)<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.41. \u00bfEst\u00e1s de acuerdo?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Use the above phrases to express your personal agreement or disagreement with the following statements. Then explain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>La mejor estaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o es el verano.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>Estoy de acuerdo. Me gusta el calor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Los gatos son mejores que los perros.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Es importante dormir ocho horas cada noche.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Todo el mundo debe correr para hacer ejercicio.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Es necesario ir a la iglesia los domingos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>La mejor estaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o es el invierno.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>El D\u00eda de la Independencia es la celebraci\u00f3n cultural m\u00e1s importante en los Estados Unidos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.42. \u00bfL\u00f3gico o il\u00f3gico?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the following statements and decide whether the given response of the person indicated is <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>l\u00f3gico o il\u00f3gico<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Es necesario hacer la tarea todas las semanas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Un profesor dice \u201cEstoy de acuerdo.\u201d\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>l\u00f3gico<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-87\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-87\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"87\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.42. \u00bfL\u00f3gico o il\u00f3gico?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4-G. Asking for and expressing opinions and recommendations: \u00bfQu\u00e9 piensas?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00bfRecuerdas c\u00f3mo hacer preguntas? As you advance in your conversational proficiency, you will want to continually review the interrogative, or question, words in Spanish.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\"><strong>Espa\u00f1ol<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\"><strong>Ingl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">What?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1l?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Which?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">When?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">How?\/What?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfD\u00f3nde?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Where?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2168%;\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.6822%;\">Why?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>In chapter 2, you learned to use these words to learn more and to clarify information. These questions are also very important for continuing a conversation, with <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>qu\u00e9<\/em><\/span> being one of the most important words you will use. In the previous section, you saw how to express agreement and disagreement. By asking for an opinion, you can expand even more your ability to discuss topics that are relevant to you as well as further your relationships with others.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Key phrases for asking for opinions<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Sentence starters to give an opinion<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 piensas?<\/td>\n<td>Pienso que\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 crees?<\/td>\n<td>Creo que\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 quieres?<\/td>\n<td>Quiero\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfQu\u00e9 prefieres?<\/td>\n<td>Prefiero\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>You will also want to be able to respond to these questions and provide recommendations, opinions, and advice. There are many structures that can be used to make recommendations in Spanish, and one of them is simply starting with a verb that expresses an opinion, such as <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>pienso<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>creo<\/em><\/span>. Finally, to be more direct, you can say what someone should or you recommend they do using the verbs <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> y <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>r<\/em><em>ecomendar<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Just like with their meanings in English, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>should<\/em><\/span> can express both objective realities that need to happen (Estoy en Starbucks. Debo pagar por mi caf\u00e9.) as well as more subjective recommendations (\u00a1Debes venir al mercado! \u00a1Es divertido!). <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> expresses the recommendation a bit more explicitly than <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span>, of course. <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> is a regular -er verb and is conjugated for the person who needs to do the activity, just like the verb <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>should<\/em><\/span> in English:<\/p>\n<p>I should study.\u2014Debo estudiar.<\/p>\n<p>They should practice soccer.\u2014Deben practicar el f\u00fatbol.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Deber<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Deb<strong>o<\/strong> estudiar.<\/td>\n<td>Deb<strong>emos<\/strong> ir a la panader\u00eda.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Deb<strong>es<\/strong> venir al mercado conmigo.<\/td>\n<td>Deb<strong>\u00e9is<\/strong> escuchar a la profesora.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Miguel deb<strong>e<\/strong> comer m\u00e1s vegetales.<\/td>\n<td>Deb<strong>en<\/strong> practicar el f\u00fatbol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> is a stem-changing -ar verb and is conjugated for the person making the recommendation.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Recomendar<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>Aconsejar<\/em><\/span> + infinitivo<\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>o<\/strong> estudiar. Hay un examen.<\/td>\n<td>Recom<strong>e<\/strong>nd<strong>amos<\/strong> ir a la panader\u00eda. Es nuestra favorita.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfRecom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong>s ir al mercado hoy?<\/td>\n<td>\u00bfRecom<strong>e<\/strong>nd<strong>\u00e1is<\/strong> el restaurante al lado de vuestra casa?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El m\u00e9dico recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong> comer m\u00e1s vegetales.<\/td>\n<td>Los entrenadores recom<strong>ie<\/strong>nd<strong>an<\/strong> practicar el f\u00fatbol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Impersonal expressions<\/h3>\n<p>Another way to express a recommendation for someone is to use the phrases \u201cEs necesario\u201d or \u201cEs importante\u201d prior to the activity. These impersonal expressions do not change depending on the person recommending or needing the recommendation. Instead, they express what needs to happen or what is important to do in general. Read the following bits of conversations to see how these expressions are used.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Mam\u00e1, tengo un dilema. Mis amigas y yo queremos salir a tomar un caf\u00e9 pero no sabemos ad\u00f3nde queremos ir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Deben ir al centro comercial. Hay muchos caf\u00e9s muy buenos.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Gracias por la recomendaci\u00f3n, Mam\u00e1. Estoy de acuerdo que son muy buenos. \u00bfRecomiendas un caf\u00e9 en particular?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> A m\u00ed me gusta mucho el caf\u00e9 de Tinker.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Ah s\u00ed, ese caf\u00e9 siempre est\u00e1 muy rico. Pero el lugar no est\u00e1 cerca de una parada de autob\u00fas. Para mis amigas y yo, es necesario usar el transporte p\u00fablico. No todas mis amigas tienen carros, y para m\u00ed, es importante cuidar el medio ambiente (environment).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Aj\u00e1, ahora veo el dilema. Pues, s\u00e9 que hay un restaurante nuevo en el centro comercial al norte de la ciudad. La Se\u00f1ora Garc\u00eda lo recomienda.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> Pero Mam\u00e1, \u00a1toma una hora para llegar al norte en autob\u00fas!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Tienes raz\u00f3n. Aconsejo considerar tus prioridades antes de decidir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">A:<\/span> \u00a1Ya s\u00e9! Mis amigas deben venir aqu\u00ed a tomar un caf\u00e9. Pueden caminar y no necesitan pagar nada.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">M:<\/span> Creo que es una buena soluci\u00f3n. Y tus amigas siempre son bienvenidas en casa.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpretativa 4.43. Frases para recomendar<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Make a list of the expressions used to make recommendations in the above dialogue.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.44. Conjugaciones de deber y recomendar<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conjugate <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span> according to the following subjects.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Deber (vosotros)\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>deb\u00e9is<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Recomendar (ella)\u2014<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>recomienda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-88\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-88\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"88\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.44. Conjugaciones de deber y recomendar\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.45. \u00bfDeber o recomendar?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the situation and the two options and then select the most appropriate and logical response that you would have for the person given the situation. Answer from your perspective and pay attention to who is receiving the advice and who is giving it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tu mejor amiga tiene un examen ma\u00f1ana.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>a. Debo estudiar.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><strong>b. Recomiendo estudiar.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<div id=\"h5p-89\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-89\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"89\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.45. \u00bfDeber o recomendar?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.46. \u00bfQu\u00e9 debo hacer?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">Read the following statements from Ana as she describes what she wants or needs. Then tell her where she should go (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debe ir<\/em><\/span>) or should do (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debe hacer<\/em><\/span>) to solve her problem by selecting the best option.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-90\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-90\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"90\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Actividad 4.46. \u00bfQu\u00e9 debo hacer?\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.47. Dando consejos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Listen to the following statements and provide two pieces of advice in writing. One of your statements should use <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>debes<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es importante<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomiendo<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>aconsejo<\/em><\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es necesario<\/em><\/span>. The other statement should use a <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>t\u00fa<\/em><\/span> command, either affirmative or negative, as necessary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Estoy muy cansada.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>a. Debes dormir m\u00e1s.<br \/>\nb. <\/strong><strong>No juegues videojuegos hasta muy tarde.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tengo un examen ma\u00f1ana.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>a.<\/p>\n<p>b.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Tengo mucha hambre.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>a.<\/p>\n<p>b.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>No hay m\u00e1s pan en la casa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>a.<\/p>\n<p>b.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Mi equipo de f\u00fatbol no gana muchos juegos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>a.<\/p>\n<p>b.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Es el verano y no hay clases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>a.<\/p>\n<p>b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad de investigaci\u00f3n cultural 4.48. Preparaci\u00f3n para el mercado internacional<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You will prepare to buy and sell items at an \u201cinternational marketplace\u201d during class time. Complete the following steps to be ready:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose a type of store or stand from the following.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Una helader\u00eda<\/li>\n<li>Una zapater\u00eda<\/li>\n<li>Una carnicer\u00eda<\/li>\n<li>Una fruter\u00eda<\/li>\n<li>Un caf\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Una joyer\u00eda<\/li>\n<li>Una tienda de ropa<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Choose a Spanish-speaking country to represent for the market and learn what the currency is in that country. Then fill out the currency conversion chart with approximate equivalencies. Rounding is all right! Make sure you also learn the symbol associated with the country<\/li>\n<li>Draw, find photos of, or bring in physical items that you want to sell as part of your market stand. You must be able to describe each item in a complete sentence in Spanish and express how much it costs. Items may not cost more than $30 each.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad 4.49. El mercado internacional<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Together in class, students share the relative equivalencies of their currency. All students should write the correct numbers in their individual charts.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014For the marketplace, students will need to (1) <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>only<\/em><\/span> use the target language, (2) have at least two negotiations before agreeing on the final price, and (3) record their sales and purchases. Together as a group, brainstorm some expressions students can use to ask for a different price. Think about all the phrases you have learned to make recommendations, express agreement and disagreement, and give commands.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014Students will be divided into two groups. One group will start by selling and the other group will start by buying. Halfway through, students will switch places. Those who will be selling first should set up their market stands by their country\u2019s flag.<\/p>\n<p>Your instructor will have paper versions of the currency of each country represented available, including US dollars. Students will receive $100 each at the beginning of the round but will need to go to the banker to exchange the amount they want.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 4\u2014\u00a1Se abre el mercado! The professor will serve as a banker. Be sure to have the copies of currency printed as well as a currency calculator ready to go. This converter works well: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xe.com\/currencyconverter\/.\">https:\/\/www.xe.com\/currencyconverter\/.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Currency equivalency chart<\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\"><strong>Pa\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><strong>Moneda y s\u00edmbolo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><strong>$25<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Argentina<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Bolivia<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Chile<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Colombia<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Costa Rica<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Cuba<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Ecuador<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Espa\u00f1a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Guatemala<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Guinea Ecuatorial<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Honduras<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">M\u00e9xico<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Nicaragua<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Panam\u00e1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Paraguay<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Per\u00fa<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Puerto Rico<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">El Salvador<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Uruguay<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 291.68px; height: 15px;\">Venezuela<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.129px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.5859px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0469px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.375px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.875px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 53.1836px; height: 15px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Registro de compras<\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Objeto y descripci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Precio original<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Precio final<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Una camisa blanca<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>55 soles (PEN)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>40 soles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Registro de ventas<\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><strong>Objeto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><strong>Precio final de venta 3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><strong>Ganancia total<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 121px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 144px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 110px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.50. Lo que es necesario<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>In this activity, you will discuss what college students like you need to do to be successful in their studies, to maintain positive relationships, and to take an active role in their communities.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Using the model as an example, write a recommendation for a classmate regarding each of the categories below. Try to vary your sentences, using <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>deber<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>recomendar<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es necesario<\/em><\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>es importante<\/em><\/span>. Be prepared to defend your recommendation. You will fill out the last two columns in pasos 2 and 3 after speaking with a classmate.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Categor\u00eda<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Recomendaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Opini\u00f3n de mi compa\u00f1ero<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfEstamos de acuerdo?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Modelo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>La comunidad<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Debemos comprar de tiendas locales<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Los estudios<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>La familia<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>La vida sana<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>La comunidad<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Now, share your recommendations with your partner and take notes on their responses. After you share, they should express agreement or disagreement and justify their response. After each category, note whether you are in agreement or disagreement about what needs to be done.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014Once you both have shared all recommendations and responses, choose the best recommendation overall that you both agree upon to share with the class.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal e interpretativa 4.51. Los gastos: \u00bfC\u00f3mo puedo mejor manejar mi dinero?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>In this activity, you will discuss your spending habits with a partner and compare them to an infographic that makes recommendations about spending.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Take turns asking your partner and answering questions (<span style=\"color: #0a570a;\"><em>s\u00ed o no<\/em><\/span>) about spending habits using the following chart. Include two more things that you think your partner spends money on.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Actividad<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfTodos los d\u00edas?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfCada semana?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfTres veces al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfDos veces al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfUna vez al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfMenos de una vez al mes?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1nto pagas?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vas a la helader\u00eda\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comes en un restaurante\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Compras ropa nueva\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vas al supermercado\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Compras un caf\u00e9 o una bebida\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Compras en l\u00ednea\u2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Calcula el total que gasta tu compa\u00f1ero en cada categor\u00eda por mes. Luego, compara la informaci\u00f3n con tus gastos.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; overflow: scroll;\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Actividad o lugar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Gasto por mes de mi compa\u00f1ero<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00bfEs m\u00e1s o menos de lo que gasto yo?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>La helader\u00eda (u otras golosinas)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Los restaurantes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Las tiendas de ropa<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El supermercado<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Los caf\u00e9s (incluyendo Starbucks)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Amazon u otros sitios web<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014Leer y hacer recomendaciones. Follow along with your professor and your classmates as you read the infographic about habits that steal your money: <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogylana.com\/habitos-que-te-roban-dinero-infografia\/.\">https:\/\/www.blogylana.com\/habitos-que-te-roban-dinero-infografia\/.<\/a> <\/span>Which ones resonate with you?<\/p>\n<p>Paso 4\u2014Write three recommendations for your partner to better manage their money. Use any of the structures from the chapter:<\/p>\n<p>Recomiendo\u2026 Es importante\u2026 Debes\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Paso 5\u2014Get ready to share your recommendations with the class! As your classmates share, raise your hand if you agree with the recommendation your classmate is making.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Actividad interpersonal 4.52. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es m\u00e1s importante, el precio o el local?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You are going to participate in a debate about the relative importance of buying local. Your professor will assign you to one of the following groups.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Group A: This group will argue in favor of using sites like Amazon for most shopping.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Group B: This group will argue in favor of purchasing from locally owned businesses.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 1\u2014Together with your group, prepare a list of reasons to support your position.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 2\u2014Together with your group, anticipate what the other group\u2019s reasons might be and think about how to respond to them. Consider reviewing how to express agreement\/disagreement and recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 3\u2014\u00a1Al debate! Follow your instructor\u2019s lead to engage in a civil debate.<\/p>\n<p>Paso 4\u2014Reflexi\u00f3n personal. Now, take some time to write a brief reflection about your personal opinion on this issue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/310"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"version-history":[{"count":101,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/310\/revisions\/937"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/310\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=310"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=310"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.palni.org\/comunidades\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}